EARTHWORKS, RETAINING WALLS

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FOUNDATIONS III. EXCAVATION WORKS, EXCAVATION WORKS, RETAINING WALLS,DEEP FOUNDATION

Dr. TAKÁCS Lajos GáborBUTE Department of Building Constructions

EARTHWORKS, RETAINING WALLSEARTHWORKS, RETAINING WALLS

EARTHWORKS, EARTHMOVINGS

BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Constructions Deep foundations © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor

1. Grade bar/intersection of strings2. Organic topsoil (should be removed)3. Vertical adjustment4. Gravel bed5. Bottom level of cut (excavation works)

EARTHWORKS, EARTHMOVINGS

1. Adherent soil, small depth2. Loose soil, small depth3. Loose soil, large depth

EARTHWORKS

RETAINING WALLS AT EARTHWORKS

a, b., horizontal laggingc., vertical set of pilesd., anchored bulkhead

RETAINING PIERS FOR SAFE EARTHWORKS

TORKRET (SHOT CONCRETE) USED AS RETAINING CONSTRUCTION

SOLDIER PILES/BERLIN WALLS

Soldier piles, also known as king piles or Berlin walls, are constructed of wide flange steel H sections spaced about 2 - 3 m apart and are driven prior to excavation. As the excavation proceeds, horizontal timber sheeting (lagging) is inserted behind the H pile flanges.

STEEL PILES

Retaining wall supported by driven steelpiles

DEWATERINGDEWATERING

TYPE OF SUBSOIL WATER

a., seepage flow 1: loose soilb., entrapped water 2: adherent soilc., subsoil

DEWATERING OF THE CUT

a., open dewatering systemb., dewatering by drilled wells

1. Drain2. Gravel bed3. Water collecting 4. Basement wall (proposed)5. Retaining wall6. Pump7. Sunk water table

DEWATERING OF THE CUT WITH DRILLED WELLS

DEEP FOUNDATIONSDEEP FOUNDATIONS

REVISION: CLASSIFICATION ON THE DEPTH OF THE FOUNDATION

Deep foundations transfer thedead load of the building onto theloadbearing soil layers deep belowthe building.

Shallow foundation scheme Deep foundation scheme

REVIEW OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS

a., well foundation c., slurry trench wall b., prefabricated concrete pile foundation d., drilled pilesc., augercast pile

WELL FOUNDATION SYSTEM

superstructure

load distributingRC beams

well foundations

WELL FOUNDATION

Well foundation of a building with skeleton frame/loadbearing wall superstructure

a., foundation of an external wall/pierb., foundation of an intermediate pierc., cutting edge

1. Foundation well2. Cutting edge3. Concrete base plate4. Concrete4. Concrete5. Concrete cover plate6. RC grade beams7. RC grade beams8. Superstructure

PILE FOUNDATION SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION OF FOUNDATION PILES BY MATERIALS

a., timber pileb., steel „T” profilec., steel piped., precast/prestressed reinforced concrete pilee., drilled pilef., augercast pileg., RC pier wit clevis h - i., block and the head of a precast RC pile

1. RC pile2. Steel block3. Hardwood bond plug4. Softwood backing5. Sawdust6. Textile rag backing7. Steel pile head

CLASSIFICATION OF FOUNDATION PILES

a., bearing pileb., friction piled., bearing and friction piled., tensile friction pile

1. Pile2. Load 3. Pulling force4. Lateral friction5. Point resistance6. Surface of the ground7. Level of the loadbearing soil

CONNECTION OF PILES AND SUPERSTRUCTURE

a., external loadbearing wallb., intermediate loadbearingwallb1., subsoil b2., subsoil waterc., skeleton framec1., subsoil waterc2., subsoil c2., subsoil

1. Pile (drilled or friction type)2. Grade beams3. Pile cap4. Loadbearing soil5. RC slab against the

pressure of subsoil water6. Surface of the ground7. Pile head8. RC beam9. Blinding

CONSTRUCTION OF A DRILLED PILE

a., earthworkb., reinforcementc., high slump concrete mix pumping and augercast withdrawnd., foundation pile is readye., connection to the superstructure

1. Augercast2. Excavation/pile machine3. Reinforcement4. Concrete fill and

augercast withdrawn5. Grade beam6. superstructure

HISTORIC TIMBER PILE FOUNDATION SYSTEM

PILE FOUNDATION SYSTEM - DRILLING

CONSTRUCTION OF IN-SITU RC PILE FOUNDATION

Reinforcement of the pile cap

Monolithic RC piles drilled without theaid of auxiliary tubes

CONSTRUCTION OF A DRIVEN PILE

1. Augercast driving with concrete plug2. Head of the pile3. Augercast withdrawn4. Ground surface5. Level of loadbearing soil6. Pile driver7. Superstructure

DRIVEN PILE CONSTRUCTION

SLURRY TRENCH WALLS

a., form alternatives of slurry trench wallsb., prefabricated trench wall elementsc., slurry trench walls used as foundationd., diffusion of the slurry in the different soil types (sand, gravel, gravel+sludge

SLURRY WALL GUIDE

Alternatives for slurry wall guide walls

Guide wall under construction

SLURRY WALLS

g., construction order of a slurry wall h., anchoring of the slurry walli., slurry wall with rib beam

CONSTRUCTION OF A SLURRY WALL

Series of interlockingvertical walls

ANCHORING OF SLURRY WALL

Temporary anchor process of construction:

process of construction:

a) Drilling using auxiliary pipe;b) Placing the tensile rod;c) Concrete injection while simultaneously retracting the pipe;d) Tensioning then fixing the tensile rod.

SLURRY TRENCH WALL SYSTEM(PRINCIPAL SECTION)

1. Slurry trench wall2. Anchoring2. Anchoring3. Head beam4. Level of loadbearing soil5. New building6. Base slab7. Bottom level of the foundation8. Water table9. Drainage system10. Gravel bed (horizontal drainage)11. Drainage pipe12. Water collecting well with pump

SLURRY WALL CONSTRUCTION

UNDERPINNING WITH MICRO PILES

a., vertical or inclined micro pilesb., relieving with RC beamc., relieving with steel beam and RC beamsd., relieving with micro piles

UNDERPINNING WITH CANTILEVERED NEEDLE BEAM

UNDERPINNING WITH CAST IN-SITU NEEDLE BEAM

UNDERPINNING WITH NEEDLE WALL

UNDERPINNING WITH CONCRETE PIER

FOUNDATION SPECIALITIES OF CHAIN BRIDGE, BUDAPEST

EARTHWORKS, RETAINING WALLS

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