Ecological NicheRowel P.

David

The Ecological NicheCompetitive ExclusionLimiting Factors

Frog Dela Cruz

Learn your ability, capability

To survive and to top the area

Billions of people scattered around the planet everyone has their own gifts of talent, ability and personality that they can be use to dominate the niche in where they fit on.

My own POV

RoleHabitat

InteractionProducers

Mutualism

Ecosystem Organism• Unique way of living among different

organism in their environment

• Interaction among other organism

• The way they obtain energy (food)

Ecological niche = the “role” a species “plays” in the ecosystem.

The ecological niche of species, therefore, includes not just the species’ habitat, but also the way in which it interacts with other species and the physical environment. Nich

e

The Ecological NicheCompetitive ExclusionLimiting Factors

• No two species can exist (survive) on the same limiting resources at the same time, all the time

• Species with identical resources requirements cannot co-exist

I just finish Shopping I bought some cloths. I just notice that there are too much shop that sell male polo too much compare to the demand.

Too much the species that occupies the area, (different species with same needs, way of survival and habitat) Niche

Demand The Available resources in an area.

A week after I visit the shop, what I found out is that;

Some store offer other products already.Some store transfer to other places.Other are for close.But still some popular store remain.

Evolve

Migration of species

Extinction

Dominates the Niche

Evolution and divergence ensures that similar species won’t compete for the same resources

Nectar-feeder Insect-eater

seed-eater

Hawaiian honeycreepers:seed-eating finch evolves into vacant niches?

“woo

dpec

ker”

“

nect

ar-fe

eder

” “insec t-ea ter” “see d-ea ter”

Reducing niche overlap through habitat segregation

upper canopy

lower canopy

shrubfloor

habi

tat s

egre

gatio

n

resource overlap?

Separation along niches

Feeding behaviorFeeding heightNesting time

Fundamental vs. realized niche

Niche compression Realized niches are narrower than

fundamental niches, therefore the species occupies a narrower range of habitats than it would in the absence of competition.

The realized niche can be regarded as a ‘competitive refuge’.

A place that provide shelter or protection

Species A Species B

Very heavy completion leads to competitive exclusion. One species must go.

Species A Species B

“Two species requiring approximately the same resources are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in the same habitat.” J. Grinnell (1915)

When two species requiring the same resources place on the same habitat

1. There are refuges from competition; the potential loser hangs on in marginal habitats; or

2. The loser can re-immigrate from elsewhere; or

3. Disturbances in the environment prevent the winner from gaining a complete monopoly.

Also known as “Gause’s principle” after mathematical formulation by Gause in 1930.

Formulated and proven by Vito Voltera, and Alfred Gause shown experimental evidences

In consequence, the loser is excluded, at least locally, unless…

Species A

Species B

Has a bigger niche – it is more generalist

Has a smaller niche – it is more specialists. Specialists, however do tend to avoid competition

Species A

Species B

Species A

Species B

Evolution by natural selection towards separate niches

Interspecific competition occurs where niches of species A and B overlap

Specialization into two separate niches

The Ecological NicheCompetitive ExclusionLimiting Factors

Limiting Factors

Factors that limits a population size

With Food, With Water, With Shelter But Not Enough Dissolve oxygen….

Wow yes a big catch lucky am I …. Curse You shoes

WTF its sinking

Help Me… Blap Blap Blop….

THE END RDAVID Production