Post on 28-Dec-2015
transcript
Ecolog
y
One
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Population
Community
Organism
Organization of the biosphere
• Biosphere- portion of the Earth that supports life
Large region with same plant life and climate
Biome
Levels of Organization in the Biosphere
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKhQVHc3Ao&NR=1
Population growth curvesExponential (J curve)- ideal conditionsLogistic (S curve)- reaches carrying capacityCarrying capacity- population levels off
Limiting Factors
• environmental factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive
• Two types–Density-dependent–Density-independent
Limiting FactorsDensity-dependent factors• has increasing effect as the population increases • Depends on how large the population is• Examples:
Food & Water supply
PredatorsParasitism Disease
Shelter & Space
Limiting Factors• Density-independent factors- affects all populations
regardless of density• Most abiotic factors
earthquake
storm
temperature
flood
fire
Relationships in the community
Predator-Prey Relationships- As predator population goes up, prey population goes down.
Relationships in the community
Types of competition• Intraspecific competition- organisms of the
same species compete for resources • Interspecific competition- organisms of
different species compete for resources
Relationships in the community
• Intraspecific competition• Two Gemsbok antelope compete in a herd
Relationships in the community
• Interspecific competition
African animals of different species compete for water resources
Competition between lion and hyena
Relationships in the community
• Symbiosis- relationships between organisms where there is a close and permanent association among organisms
• Three types– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism
Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism- both organisms benefit
The clown fish live in the tentacles of the sea anemone, which have poisonous stinging cells. A slime layer covering the clownfish make them immune to the stinging cells. The stinging tentacles of the sea anemone protect the clown fish from predators. The clownfish in turn protect the sea anemone from other fish that would feed on the anemone. Clownfish lay eggs within the sea anemone, which offers protection during their incubation and development.
Types of Symbiosis
• Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is unaffected
Barnacles attach to a whale’s tail. The barnacles get a home and transport, and the whale is not affected.
Types of Symbiosis
• Parasitism- one organism benefits, the other is harmed
A tapeworm lives inside another animal, attaching itself to the host's gut and absorbing its host's food. The host loses nutrition, and may develop weight loss, diarrhea and vomiting. Usually parasites do not kill the host before they move on, as this would cut off their food supply.
Symbiotic relationships
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRqEYroujqAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxVMeLWzB_o&feature=related