Post on 16-Feb-2017
transcript
- The Nazis had approximately 15,000 concentration camps throughout their occupied territories.
- Not all of them were death camps. Some were just transit or holding camps.
- In this lesson, we are going to focus on some of the more well known or bigger camps and the people who were held in them.
Auschwitz - Birkenau
- Extermination and labour
camp.
- Poland.
- Actively used from April
1940 to January 1945.
- 3 major camps, 51 sub-
camps.- Major camps: Auschwitz I
(Stammlager) or main camp, Auschwitz II (Birkenau), an extermination camp, and Auschwitz III (Monowitz) a work camp.
Gate reads “Labour Makes You Free”.
• Estimated 2.1 to 2.5 million killed.
• Gas chambers, mass shootings and crematorium.
• Main camp made to house 30,000. • Men, women, children• Poles, Jews, Gypsies, and Communists.
• Arrived by train• Registered, tattooed, undressed, deloused, shaven &
showered.
• Only 10 percent survived arrival at Birkenau in
1942-43. • Gas chambers were “bunkers”• From Jan. 1942 to March 1943, 175,000 gassed.• 105,000 from Jan to March ‘43.
• 836,525 women’s clothing, 348,820 men’s clothing.
• 43,525 shoes, 460 fake limbs and 7 tons of human
hair.
Railroad entrance
Treblinka- Established in 1941
- Forced labour camp
- Treblinka I (main camp),
Treblinka II (extermination
camp).
- Poland
- July 23, 1942: Warsaw
Ghetto evacuation.Photo of the Treblinka train station.
• 3 gas chambers, expanded
to 6.
• Personals gathered & sent
to Germany.
• Rebellion: August 1943.• Of 750, 70 made it to freedom.
• 17,000 symbolic
tombstones• Represent towns, villages and
countries.
Photo of remembrance stones
Sobibor• Poland
• March 1942
• Two camps, three parts• Administration, barracks and
storage, and extermination, burial and cremation.
• Second extermination camp
in Aktion Reinhard.
(Operation Reinhard). Map of the camp from memory of an SS officer.
• May to June 1942• 100,000 murdered approx.
• Oct 1942 to Spring 1943:• 70-80,000 Galician Jews • 145-150,000 Governmental
Jews
• Roughly 250,000 murdered.
• Uprising on October
14,1943:• 300 escaped, 50 survived it all.
• Liquidated in Oct 1943.
Plaque at Sobibor
Dachau• Opened on March 22,1933.
• Political Prisoners
• First camp in Germany
• Prototype.
• Occupied from 1933 – 1960.
Picture of Dachau entrance today.
• 1945 to 1948: housed SS officers.
• Recorded intake of 206,206. 31,951
died.
• Second camp liberated.
• Between 1933 to 1945, more than 3
million prisoners approximately.
Gate at Dachau. Labour Makes You
Free
Concentration Camps Today• Auschwitz – Birkenau:
• Established museum in 1947. • Plaque.
• Treblinka: • Open field with tombstones. Orginally a
farm after. • Mass grave in middle.
• Sobibor:• 1961: first memorial built. • Memorial and Museum.
• Dachau: • 1965: Memorial site opened. • Seminars and tours offered.
Sources• http://www.cityscouter.com/pictures/munich/Dachau-
Concentration-Camp-Photos.html• http://isurvived.org/AUSCHWITZ_TheCamp.html• http://www.deathcamps.org/sobibor/sobibor.html• http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/index.html• http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/index-e.html• http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/
galleries/auschmodern/index.html• http://isurvived.org/TOC-VI.html• http://www.cephas-library.com/israel/Treblinka%20-%20A
%20Forensic%20Examination.html• http://sobibor.accommo.pl/?lang=en• http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/
dachau1.html