Post on 13-Feb-2016
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EDUCATIONDomestic Policy
Questions to Consider… Should Methacton require school uniforms? Should athletics be a part of a publicly funded education? Should Methacton offer AP classes knowing that they are
costly and serve a small portion of the student body? Should students who come from low income families
receive federally subsidized school lunches? Should Methacton give the Keystone exam to measure
student success? Should teacher effectiveness be measured by student
achievement? Should students of “failing” schools be able to attend a
different school of their choice funded by the taxpayers?
Education Policy Education policy are the principles and government policy-
making in the educational sphere, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems Examples: school size, class size, school choice,
school privatization, tracking, teacher education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model
Traditionally responsibility of the state
Types of Education in America• Early childhood education• Kindergarten through to 12th
grade• Two and four year colleges or
universities• Graduate and professional
education• Adult education and job
training
K-12 Education In Pennsylvania, there
are 501 Local Education Agencies (LEA) Leadership elected at the
local level (school boards) State and federal
mandates and oversight No Child Left Behind
(President Bush) Race to the Top (President
Obama) Methacton Budget Docu
ment
No Child Left Behind Passed in 2002 by a Republican controlled Congress
and President G. W. Bush States that do not comply with the law would have
sources of federal revenue withheld (highway money, for example)
Highlights: Student testing in math, reading, writing, and science must
show adequate yearly progress (AYP) Teachers must be “highly qualified” Military recruiters must have access to students School choice alternatives for “failing schools”
Schools not meeting AYP must offer alternative choices to parents (think Renaissance Academy in Phoenixville)
Race to the Top To receive federal funds schools were to
design and implement rigorous standards and evaluations
Testing data used in teacher evaluations
Funding Your Education Major Source:
Local Property Taxes (schools and townships get their funding through this tax)
Forumula Property Assessed Value x “mill” rate / 1000 =
property tax bill Methacton’s current millage rate is 27.90
Other Souces: State, Federal funding
Section IV, Education, Housing, & Transportation
Chapter 21
Federal Aid for Education $1.3 billion in direct aid to local public schools $12 billion in additional funds to be distributed
through the states (block grants) Aid to K-12 schools begins in 1917
$17.6 billion in support for institutions of higher learning Federal spending for colleges begins in 1862 with
the Morrill Act, giving federal land for colleges to teach “Agriculture and Mechanical Arts” Pennsylvania State University
GI Bill
Education Issues The Constitution leaves any powers not
given to the federal government to the states (like education)
How and why does the federal government involve themselves?
Housing & Urban Programs Housing Policy
Federally funded loans and housing support programs
Promoting Home Buying FHA – Federal Housing Admin.
Part of HUD (Housing & Urban Development) Insures mortgages – low and middle income
families can secure loans Rent assistance to low income families
Housing & Urban Programs Urban Renewal
Cities apply for federal aid to clear deteriorating areas and rebuild
Remove run-down properties (slums) and sell at a reduced price to private builders
Controversy over neglect of lower income housing
Housing & Urban Programs Public Housing Programs
Government gives money to local governments to construct public housing for low-income families
Government gives subsidies allowing housing authorities to charge very low rents (sometimes cover up to 90%)
Issues: Many public housing projects have turned into slums due to mismanagement
Transportation Programs For homework:
Read Page 600-602 in text (Transportation Programs)