Bell RingerBell Ringer

What does a teacher make?

Can you list just 3 things?

What Do Teachers MakeWhat Do Teachers Make

Teachers Are

Overpaid

Teachers Are

Overpaid

What do I believe?What do I believe?

• Do not turn your paper over:)

• Complete side one to the best of your ability before you dare peek at the back!

• Do you remember how to find the %????

• Color pencils on the front table.

• Complete the pie graph.

WHYWHY

Predominant Educational Theories and PhilosophiesPredominant Educational

Theories and Philosophies

“IDEAS”

The “Ideas”The “Ideas”

• Perennialism• Progressivism• Essentialism• Social Reconstruction

PerennialismPerennialism

Human nature is constant and humans are rational creatures

Truth is constant and changeless• Found in great works of civilization• Education should develop intellect

Authoritarian in nature• Teacher instructs• Students receive

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal; the “Core”

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal; the “Core”

• Language, Literature and the Fine Arts;• Mathematics and Natural Science;• History, Geography and Social Studies;• Physical Education (12 years)• Manual Training including cooking, sewing,

typing, machine repair (6 years);• A general introduction to the world of work (last 2

years)

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal

• All children are educable;

•Education is never completed in school or higher institutions of learning, but is a lifelong process of maturity for all citizens;

•The primary cause of learning is the activity of the child's mind, which is not created by, but only assisted by the teacher;

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal

Mortimer Adler- Paideia Proposal

• Multiple types learning and teaching must be utilized in education, not just teacher lecturing, or telling;

• A student's preparation for earning a living is not the primary objective of schooling.

Criticism of PerennialismCriticism of Perennialism

• Approach is too Eurocentric

• Lacks student engagement with the learning process

• Often overlooks positive effects of extracurricular activities

ProgressivismProgressivism

Ideas must have practical value to be worthwhileWorld and nature in constant flux

• Knowledge continually refined and rediscovered• Education should develop problem solving skills;

curriculum is variableStudents and teachers learn together

ProgressivismProgressivism

Ideas must have practical value to be worthwhileWorld and nature in constant flux

• Knowledge continually refined and rediscovered• Education should develop problem solving skills;

curriculum is variableStudents and teachers learn together John Dewey:

learn by doing

Criticism of ProgressivismCriticism of Progressivism

• Failing to emphasize the “basics” causes a decline in standardized test scores

• Society’s youth are failed by encouraging mediocrity

• Approach is too student-centered

EssentialismEssentialism

Human nature the same everywhereBody of knowledge needed to function in society-all must

learn• Basic skills such as the 3 R’s• New knowledge as it arises such as computer literacy

Teacher directs organization and transmission of knowledge through lecture• Discipline and pressure to learn facts• Abstract nature of knowledge does not require learning by doing

or discussion

• NCLB(No Child Left Behind)

Criticism of EssentialismCriticism of Essentialism

• Essentials of this system are found only in Western culture and history.

• Some view this as discriminating against non-white students

• Students are passive in the learning process.

Teacher vs. Learner-Centered Instruction

Teacher vs. Learner-Centered Instruction

Teacher-Centered Student-CenteredFocus is on instructor Focus is on both students and instructor

Focus is on language forms and structures (what the instructor knows about the language)

Focus is on language use in typical situations (how students will use the language)

Instructor talks; students listen Instructor models; students interact with instructor and one another

Students work alone Students work in pairs, in groups, or alone depending on the purpose of the activity

Instructor monitors and corrects every student utterance

Students talk without constant instructor monitoring; instructor provides feedback/correction when questions arise

Instructor answers students’ questions about language

Students answer each other’s questions, using instructor as an information resource

Instructor chooses topics Students have some choice of topics

Instructor evaluates student learning Students evaluate their own learning; instructor also evaluates

Classroom is quiet Classroom is often noisy and busy

Social ReconstructionismSocial Reconstructionism

Individual focus to create a better societyGoal to eliminate social injustice

• Personal responsibility

• Schooling helps students Pay it Forward

Social ReconstructionismSocial Reconstructionism

• Individual approach lacks collaboration or group work, not preparing students in core curriculum

• Lack of uniform curriculum and common outcomes