Effective Public Speaking

Leadership Certification

Level 1

Nancy L. Van Pelt

1. Speeches that inform

Three Types of Public Speaking

• Explain

• Report

• Describe

• Clarify

• Define

• Demonstrate

2. Speeches that persuade

Designed to convince

or influence beliefs

or attitudes

3. Speeches that entertain

Use humour to influence an audience

Goal: to warm audience up

Three main speaking styles

• Cool presenter

• Hot presenter

• Dull presenter

Four basic methods of delivery

• Reading a manuscript verbatim

• From memory

• Speaking impromptu

• Speaking extemporaneously

Getting Organized

The organized speaker is more likely to be though of as competent and trustworthy.

How Long Should a Talk Be?

• “Long enough to reach the ground”• There’s great power in words, if you don’t hitch

to many of them together.”• No one likes a speech that runs too long.• “Lord, fill my mouth with worthwhile stuff . . .

and nudge me when I’ve said enough.”• The more you have to say, and the more time

you take, the less people will remember

Know Your Audience

Make up of Audience

• Superiors

• Peers

• Team members

• Special interest groups

• Mixed groups

Time to Outline

• Gather materials

• Examples

• Statistics

• Testimony

The Preparation Outline

I. IntroductionII. Body

A. Main pointB. Main point

a. Sub sub-pointb. Sub sub-point

III. Conclusion

Build the Body First

The Introduction

The beginning prepares listeners for what is to come.

Three things you do during the intro.

• Get attention

• Startle the audience with an arresting statement

• Arouse curiosity

The Conclusion

Two Purposes

• Let the audience know you are ending

• Reinforce central idea• The conclusion should

conclude

Two versions of speaking Outline

IneffectiveI. 1840-1860A. World Anti-Slavery ConventionB. Seneca Falls convention1. Lucretia Mott2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton3. Declaration of Sentiments

II. 1900-1920A. National American Woman

Suffrage Association1. Founding2. ObjectivesB. Nineteenth Amendment1. Campaign2. Ratification

More EffectiveI. 1840-1860

A. World Anti-Slavery ConventionB. Seneca Falls convention 1. Lucretia Mott

2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

3. Declaration of Sentiments

II. 1900-1920A. National American Woman

Suffrage Association 1. Founding 2. Objectives

B. Nineteenth Amendment 1. Campaign 2. Ratification

Visual Aids

• One picture is worth a thousand words

Retentions With Visual Aids

• With visual aids – 82% within 24 hours

– 62% three weeks later

• Without visual aid– 62% within 24 hours

– 20% three weeks later

Tips for using visual aids:

• Avoid chalkboards• Prepare visuals in advance• Prepare them large enough• Display them to be seen• Avoid passing aid among audience• Display aids only while discussing

them

Tips for using visual aids(cont):

• Talk to audience, not visual aid• Practice with visual aid• Real objects make good visuals• Computer presentations

Handouts

• Distribute handouts after your presentation

• Tell the audience that handouts will be provided at the end

• Have enough handouts for everyone

Flubs ‘N Things

Body language

• Verbal 7%• Tone of Voice 38%• Non Verbal 55%

HEY,

WHAT

ARE YOU

GUYS DOING

OVER THERE?! NONE OF

YOUR

BUSINESS!

WOULD YOU

GUYS KEEP IT

QUIET UP THERE?!

Body Language

• Body Posture

• Hand Gesture– By your side– Do not place your hands on the podium– Hand gestures should be about chest level– Open hand conveys openness and encourages

trust

Eye Contact

Speaker

Speaker

Section 1

Section 1

Section 2

Section 2

Section 3

Section 3 Section 4Section 5

Audience

The speaker has three major sections to make eye contact with

The larger the audience, the more sections you need to establish for effective eye contact

Facial Expressions

• Initial feeling an audience gets from a speaker comes through facial expressions

• Be yourself

• Smile before you begin speaking

Winning Conversation

• The tone of voice can draw others toward you or push them away

• A word may be a word, but how it is received is dependent on how it is said

• Meaning is given to words by the sender as she chooses the words,m but also is taken by the listener as she listens and interprets

Lag Time

• Average speaker 100-150 wpm

• Slow speaker 80-90 wpm

• Fast speaker Up to 170 wpm

• Can listen to 450-600 wpm

We can THINK 5 times faster than we can talk!

A Fast Talker Contra Slow Talker

• The fast talker can be persuasive and expressive

• The slow talker may imply apathy and indifference

• Speak fast enough to keep people intrigued, but not so fast they feel uncomfortable or rushed

• Prepare speaking outline• Practice aloud• Polish & refine delivery• Present under similar conditions

Practice!

Practice!

Practice!

Purpose of an Introduction

• Build enthusiasm for speaker• Build enthusiasm for topic• Establish a welcoming

atmosphere• Boost credibility of speaker

Points to Remember

• Check facts for accuracy• Adapt remarks to

occasion• Adapt remarks to

audience• Create a sense of

anticipation

Room Setting

Audience members should be able to easily see the speaker and visual aids the speaker presents.

Speaker

Audience Audience

Audience Audience Audience

Podium

Seating Arrangement

X

☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻

☻ ☻ ☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻ ☻

☻☻ ☻

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Registration Table

Refre

shm

ent T

able

Book Table

(May need 2)

Back of Room

◙ Overhead Projector

(Screen or Blank Wall – elevated if possible)

Conference StyleVisual display

leader

Refreshments/displays

Visual display

leader

Refreshments/displays

U-Shaped Style

Refreshments/

displays

Visual display

leader

Circle Style

Pod StyleVisual display

leader

Refreshments/displays

Classroom StyleVisual display

leader

Refreshments/displays

Chevron StyleVisual display

leader

Refreshments/displays

“The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful

what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” (MYP p346)

Your aim when in public is to present a picture of poise, and quiet serenity.

Guidelines for appropriate dress

• Avoid fabrics that wrinkle• Dress traditionally• Wear a dress or business suit• Empty pockets• Leave hand bag at your seat• Use of colour• Necklines• Tailored look gives more

authority• Choose comfortable shoes

Platform Decorum

“The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” Ellen G. White (Messages to Young People p.346)

Appearance

• Posture– Sit up straight– Stand up straight– Maintain good posture

Appearance

• Sitting– Keep your hands quiet and in your lap

– Put them to one side rather than in the middle of your lap

– Keep your knees together

– Place your feet out slightly farther than the knees

– Keep the soles of your shoes on the floor

– Never, ever cross your legs on the platform!

Appearance

• Standing– Assume what is called the social stance

Appearance

• Ascending and Descending Stairs– Pause for a second or two before beginning– Bend your knees– Keep your knees slightly bent– With your head high, put your whole foot on

the stairs with the toe straight ahead– Do not watch your feet– Rest your hand lightly on the railing

Using a podium

• Do not put hands on it

• Do not lean on it

• Check podium height

When using a microphone

•Don’t use a hand held mike•A lapel or lavaliere mike is ideal•Prepare as if you had no mike•Adjust mike before speaking•Stand close enough to benefit•Don’t allow mike to block your face•Be careful with “p” or “th” sounds•Beware of other noises

You can reduce stage fright by• Preparation & rehearsing 75%• Deep breathing 12%• Mind Control 10%

Tips for overcoming fear

• Pick your own subject matter• Follow the “as if” principle• Put on a happy face• Think positively• Picture your audience as friendly• No apologies• Pray again, again, and again