1

Efficiency gains

Performance gains

Knowledge gains

Policies

IT

Architecture

Administration

2S Y N E R G Y

Policies

IT

Architecture

Administration

3

Input

Process

Output

Storage

4

Computer Literacy

hardware components

communications /networks

programming languages

software applications

Information Literacy

how to find information

how to analyze information

how to use information

5

A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .

1. An electronic device,

2. operating under the control of instructions stored

in its own memory unit,

3. that can accept data (input),

4. process data arithmetically and logically,

5. produce results (output) from the processing, and

6. store results for future use.

6

Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?

Entering data, programs, commands, and user responses into

memory

– Data - raw facts

– Programs - stored instructions that direct the computer

– Commands - keywords and phrases that direct the

computer

– User responses - responses to questions or messages

from the software

7

the computer manipulates data (numbers, words, images, sounds)

. . .and organizes the data to create information that has meaning and is useful….

system behavior is determined by arithmetic and logical rules

Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?

8

Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?

Audio output

Graphics

Reports

Video Output

Hard copy

Soft copy

Other types

9

Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?

Area for storing instructions and data when they are not in use. . .

Often function as an input source

10

Categories of Computers

personal computers

servers

minicomputers

mainframe computers

supercomputers

11

Physical Transmission MediaWireless Transmission Media

Networks

12

How Communications are UsedHow Communications are UsedHow Communications are UsedHow Communications are Used

• Electronic mail (e-mail)

• Voice mail

• Facsimile (fax)

• Telecommuting

• Videoconferencing

General Concepts - Communications

• Electronic data interchange

• Global Positioning Systems

• Online Services

• Groupware

• Bulletin Board Systems

13

Physical Transmission Media

Twisted-pair Cable

Coaxial Cable

Fiber-Optic Cable

14

Twisted pair

inexpensive

well understood

easy to add nodes

sensitive to noise

distance limitations

security limited

limited bandwidth

premises wiring for LANS

local loop of phone system

Coax

high bandwidth

long distances

noise immunity

burdensome

limited security

television

used in Ethernet systems

Fiber

very high bandwidth

noise immunity

very long distances

small size

expense

maintenance

network backbones

Media

adv

disadv

typical apps

Physical Transmission Media

15

Wireless Transmission Media

Broadcast Radio

Cellular Radio

Microwaves

Communications Satellite

Infrared

16

17

temporaryconnection

dedicated (leased)connection

Up to 24 signals

Up to 672 signals

3 to 24 signals

asymmetric

18

Networks

Local Area Networks

Wide Area Networks

Intranets

Internet

19

file server database server web server

print server e-mail server firewall server

Client Server

20

Internet

21

Productivity/business

Graphic design/multimedia

Home/personal/education

Communications

application software programs are designed

to perform a specific task

22

Enterprise Systems

Workflow Systems

Document Management Systems

Data Warehouse Systems

Geographic Information Systems

Electronic Government

24

Enterprise Systems

Short for enterprise resource planning, a business

management system that integrates all facets of the

business, including planning, manufacturing, sales,

and marketing. As the ERP methodology has

become more popular, software applications have

emerged to help business managers implement

ERP.

25

Workflow Systems

The defined series of tasks within an organization to produce a

final outcome. Sophisticated work flow applications allow you to

define different workflows for different types of jobs.

So, for example, in a publishing setting, a document might be

automatically routed from writer to editor to proofreader to

production. At each stage in the workflow, one individual or

group is responsible for a specific task. Once the task is

complete, the workflow software ensures that the individuals

responsible for the next task are notified and receive the data

they need to execute their stage of the process.

26

Document Management Systems

•Version tracking: see how a document evolves over time

•Document sharing: see in what business processes the document is used

and re-used

•Electronic review: enable users to add their comments to a document

without actually changing the document itself

•Document security: refine the different types of access that different users

need to the document

•Publishing management: control the delivery of documents to different

publishing process queues

•Workflow integration: associate the different stages of a document's life-

cycle with people and projects with schedules

27

Data Warehouse Systems

Extremely large database that stores and manages the data

required to analyze historical and current business information

28

Geographic Information Systems

Portray data in a graphical / spatial

context

29

E-Government Defined

Government’s use of technology, particularly web-based Internet applications, to enhance access to and

delivery of, government services to citizens, business partners, employees, and other governmental

agencies.

G2G, G2B, G2C, G2E

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Software Applications

• Web browser software

• Web server software

• Firewall

• Transaction server software

• Electronic payment systems

• Commerce server software

31

Web Browser Software

• Allows citizens to connect with servers

• Access any number of web pages

• Follow links from document to document or page to page

32

Web Server Software

• Allows citizens to request information

• Serves up the web pages as requested

33

Firewall Server Software

• Controls the flow of traffic between two or more networks

• Can protect against viruses, intrusions, unauthorized

system access

34

Transaction Server Software

• On-line transaction processing (OLTP) software

• Processes data according to the rules established by an

organization

• Programs that tell the database server how to handle the

data

35

Electronic Payment Systems

• Collect fees and levy taxes for services

• Must be safe, secure, and confidential

36

Commerce Server Software

• Allows citizens to easily conduct one or more transactions in one visit

• Features include:

– Shopping carts

– Shipping charges

– Taxes

– Payments & receipts

37

         Scalability - the system should be capable of handling an increasing numbers of users without any disruption to service.

        Flexibility – the system must provide a broadly configurable array of hardware and software devices that do not require major re-installations as enterprise

requirements change.

        Compatibility - the system must meet expandable configuration requirements as well as standard industry specifications to protect future application investment.

        Manageability – the system should not demand excessive management time and effort for maintaining on-line operations.

        Availability - the system must be capable of sustaining tens to hundreds of thousands of processing transactions with minimal wait time or downtime.

Metrics. . .Metrics. . .Metrics. . .Metrics. . .

38

Computers - Male or Female?

A language instructor was explaining to her class that French

nouns, unlike their English counterparts, are grammatically

designated as masculine or feminine. Things like 'chalk' or

'pencil,' she described, would have a gender association

although in English these words were neutral. Puzzled, one

student raised his hand and asked, "What gender is a

computer?" The teacher wasn't certain which it was, and so

divided the class into two groups and asked them to decide if

a computer should be masculine or feminine. One group was

comprised of the women in the class, and the other, of men.

Both groups were asked to give four reasons for their

recommendation.