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EIONET 2010 Soil Erosion data collection
Panagos Panos
Outline
• Soil Erosion Collection - Why?
• Country participation – Overall Map
• Countries – PESERA model & EIONET data
• Conclusions
EU Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection adopted by the European Commission on the 22nd of September 2006
COMMUNICATION COM(2006) 231 on the
Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
DIRECTIVE COM(2006) 232 establishing a
framework for the protection of soil and
amending Directive 2004/35/EC
IMPACT ASSESSMENT SEC(2006) 620 of the
Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Policy & Soil Erosion (1/3)
Soil Biodiversity loss
Sealing
Erosion Decline of Soil Organic Matter
Salinization Compaction
Landslides Contamination
Soil Threats
4/22
Policy & Soil Erosion (2/3)
• Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
Requirement to keep land in Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition (GAEC), targeting soil erosion,……….
• Resource Efficiency
By 2020, the area of land in the EU that is subject to soil erosion of more than 10 tonnes per hectare per year should be reduced by at least 25%.
• Rio +20 Conference
Agreement of a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on Land and Soil: Zero Net Land Degradation .
• Danube Strategy…
Policy & Soil Erosion (3/3)
European Commission (EU funded soil related projects)
Data from specific in-house JRC actions (e.g. ESDB, SOTER)
Member States
EIONET, EEA, etc
Collaborative research (e.g. EuroGeoSurveys, FAO, ISRIC)
Data from related JRC and EC actions
(e.g. LUCAS, BIOSOIL)
Network of soil centres (e.g. ESBN)
European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC)
6/22
European Soil Data Centre
2 Indicators: Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) , Soil Erosion Soil Erosion (t/ha/y): Estimation of soil erosion loss expressed in tones per hectare per year (t/ha/y) ESDAC adopted a “light” data collection protocol
Approach: INSPIRE Grid format (Grid Cells of 1km x 1km)
Metadata: The Model used for estimation of soil erosion, the land use types covered.
Time: 2009 - 2010
Data collection Specifications
8 countries provided Complete datasets: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
6 countries provided data that could not serve in a nation-wide comparison: France provided only classes of soil erosion risk; the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) provided a complete dataset in non-comparable measuring units; Ireland provided PESERA data itself and Denmark provided impossibly high data values; Norway and Estonia provided data for a limited spatial coverage.
8 countries have replied on the request: Finland, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Turkey, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Sweden.
16 Countries didn’t reply at all
Erosion data collection: Participation
Erosion: A Snapshot of EIONET data
Country Number of 1km Cells
Area Coverage with erosion
Value
Average soil
erosion
Method and land use covered
No. % t/ha/y
Austria 83,338 97.6 0.66 Method: Combination of USLE and RUSLE Coverage: all land-cover types
Belgium 17,534 87.3 3.65 Method: RUSLE Coverage: all land-cover types (except for urban areas)
Bulgaria 102,443 91.2 1.88 Method: USLE Coverage: all land-cover types
Germany 168,359 46.6 1.39 Method: USLE Coverage: agricultural land
Italy 151,008 49.2 6.6 Method: RUSLE Coverage: 9 regions provided data using different rainfall erosivity estimation
Netherlands 36,560 94.7 0.25 Method: RUSLE Coverage: all land-cover types (except for urban areas)
Poland 220,090 70.1 1.47 Method: USLE Coverage: agricultural land
Slovakia 49,705 99.5 1.04 Method: USLE Coverage: all land-cover types
Soil Erosion EIONET Map
Panagos et al. (2013)
Policy Makers: According to the obtained results it is possible to define the soil erosion risk areas at European level
Limitations: Reproducibility: Difficult to run the model Technical: Fortran code Demanding: Too many input layers….
Data are freely available in ESDAC (350 data licenses have distributed
since 2005)
PESERA model
Input Data: Climate: Rainfall, Temperature, etc Soil: European Soil Database ver 2.0 Land cover: Corine Land Cover 1990 Topographic data: SRTM
Kirkby et al., (2008)
Austria
EIONET Model: Combination of USLE and RUSLE
Belgium
Data provider: governmental authorities of Flanders and Wallonia
EIONET Model: RUSLE
Bulgaria
Data provider: Executive Environment Agency
EIONET model: USLE using detailed national datasets as input
Germany
Data provider: Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt)
EIONET model: Modified USLE
Italy
EIONET: almost 50% of the country, covering 8 regions and 2 autonomous provinces (Trentino and Alto Adige)
Netherlands
EIONET Model: RULSE
Poland
Data provider: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation -
State Research
Slovakia
EIONET model: USLE
EIONET vs. dataset of soil erosion rates based on plot measurements
EIONET mean values are much lower in Slovakia and Austria and slightly lower in Netherlands and Germany compared to the mean erosion based on plots There is a perfect correspondence of EIONET mean erosion values with mean erosion rate based on plots in Bulgaria and Poland EIONET mean values are much higher in Belgium and Italy compared to the mean erosion rates based on plots measurements
Cerdan et al., 2010
1. Difference in mapping procedures
2. Influence of slope and vegetation
3. Different input datasets and scale
4. ……………………………………………….
Possible reasons for different results between PESERA and EIONET-SOIL
Model used in EIONET: USLE or RUSLE. Fairly homogeneous as most of the countries applied those modeling approaches Even if large parts of Europe (Nordic countries, Mediterranean) are not represented in the EIONET-SOIL erosion map, the data represents the best, albeit still fragmented, picture that can be drawn based on national data with a satisfactory number of countries.
Conclusions (1/2)
The exercise of the EIONET data collection will validate the soil erosion estimates of a pan-European USLE (developed by JRC)
Conclusions (2/2)
Panos Panagos European Commission, JRC - Institute for Environment and Sustainability - Land Resource Management
EU SOIL PORTAL http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Panos.panagos@jrc.ec.europa.eu
10 January 2013 24/22
Thank you for your attention