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A photonic network for data acquisition systems for deep-sea neutrino telescopes
Presentation on behalf of the KM3NeT consortium
by Jelle Hogenbirk
Home institute: Nikhef Amsterdam
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This talk is dedicated to Dr. Charles Kao
VLVnT 2009 Athens 10 October 2009 Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 2
The part of this year's award associated with Mr. Kao underscores the fact that optical fibers carry an increasing fraction of phone calls, television programs, and internet traffic into homes. Data can move down silicon fiber more quickly than through copper wire because nothing is faster than light, and light signaling offers higher bandwidth for electronic circuitry. Encoding information in the form of light pulses rather than as electric pulses allows more data to flow down a line. Kao's principal achievement was in making the fiber more efficient; by excluding impurities in the fiber material, he developed a material that absorbed less of the light carrying signals over long distances.
For more information please consult:http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Charles_Kao
physics Nobel prize winner 2009
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Outline of this talk• Requirements• System setup CW lasers (continuous wave) R-EAM’s (reflective electro absorption modulator) DWDM technology (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer) bidirectional optical signaling with multiple λ’s /fibre
• Realized items• Further developments
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Development team:Peter Healey 1
Mar van der Hoek 3
Jelle Hogenbirk 2 Peter Jansweijer 2
Sander Mos 2
Henk Peek 2
David Smith 1
1 Center for Integrated Photonics 2 Nikhef3 VanderHoekPhotonics
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A facility network
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3 years ago and taking progress in technology in account the starting point for the DAQ system requirements were:
All data to shorePreferable: synchronous data readout
Integrated clock and event time systemProven technology including COTS (commercial of the shelf) components
A node network for about 6000 clients. Flexible interfacing to the network must be guaranteed over its life time of > 15 years after deployment.Taking KM3NeT scale into account, optimize designs in electrical power consumption on seabed facility dependence to RAMS (reliability, availability ,maintainability, safety) criteriaand keep the network affordable
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electronic-photonic front end design idea
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From PMT’s
0 21 4 5 15I0 I1 Ix
identifier
D D D D D D D D D D D
Trigger all Zener diodes at the same time andThe delay times are tuned to 100 ps
serialized output after optical trigger
electric output to optical modulator
2R or 3R ?modulator
unit
CW + readout clock pulseLater the clk pulse is the “heartbeat”
3
15
1,6 nsec <=> 3,2 nsec
I0 I1 Ix 0 1 2 3 4 5
Pulse detector&
gain flattening
~ 7ns
Example16 PMT’s and 4 identifiers => 20 data bits. Optical trigger repetition rate: 1,6 nsec <=> 3,2 nsec80 <=> 160 psec sample pulse width.If “D” delay 100 psec then the system adapts to10Gb/s optical transmission technology.
Photonic pulse streame.g. every 2 nsec
resistor
ToT signal PMT 2 ToT signal PMT 5
# PMT’s
D
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Recovering PMT’s Time over Threshold on shore
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Hit 1Hit 1
Hit 2
Late hit?PMT 2
PMT 5
2 nsec
Readout pulsesthe “heartbeats”
x + .. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# PMT 1 2 3 4 5
100 psec
1
2
3
4
5
2 nsec
Original PMT Pulse ToT Readout pulses x+ ..
Recovering PMT’s ToT
Sub-sea
Shore
Related pulses
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Signal path and loop-timing scheme
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Modulator (gate)Generating CW + heartbeat signal On one fiber to/from OM
2x(N+1)AWG
DWDM
Optical receiver
Circulator
Reflective Modulator
Optical Amplifiers
Power splitters to feed up to 100 units
Single shared feed fibrewith DWDM seed plus clock / framing on 1
Burst-mode Optical receiver
PMT electronics
tap
1
2+3
N+(N+1)
1
(N+1)
AWG FSR
Gated Semicondutor Optical Amplifier forSignal propagation timemeasurements
CDR& controller
20%
10%
10%
To Gated SOA
30%
OPTICAL MODULE
2.0 km of single fiberCW seed + heartbeat
and in opposite directionmodulated signal back to shore
Mirror (for 100km loop timing)
Sub-sea
Shore
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Measurement Results
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Backscatter impact on 10G 2km REAM link
1.E-12
1.E-11
1.E-10
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
-22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10
Rx Pwr (dBm)
BER
Anritsu
Anritsu BB
Lasertron
Lasetron BB
Santec (60MHz)
Santec (kHz)
Santec BB
Santec 1558.7nm (back-to-back)
Laser
Backscatter impact on 10G/s 2km SMF28 in the R-EAM link
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5 Detection Unit options sub-sea network
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May be in JB or DU
Strings of 20 OMsover 20 floors
To JB
OM1
1 fibre to each OM
20
DU1 2 543
20-fibre ribbon connection to
string
100ch AWG To JB
20ch cyclicAWGs
OM1
1 fibre to each OM 20
WDM ADMs
DU1 2 543
Single fibre interface to each string
(a) Single AWG* ribbon connectors
(b) Multiple AWGs* + ADM**single-fibre connectors
*AWG (Arrayed Wave Guide) is the applied hardware for DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology **ADM (Add Drop Multiplexer) take out # wavelengths from a wavelength comb on a fibre and put them back on after external access
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Test bench SPARK
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cw ch 17
cwch 18
cwtun
DW
DM
DW
DM
combiner
R-EAMR-EAMR-EAM
DW
DM
PIN
PIN
driver clkdata
driver clkdata
driver clkdata
receiver
receiver
clkdata
clkdata
171819
AWG
171819R-EAM
SOA
to sub-sea from shore
to shorefrom sub-seasub-clk
sub-clk
Sophisticated Photonic Architecture Readout for KM3Netlaboratory optical network test setup for 10Gb/s
FPGAFPGA
20 km fiber (without optical amplifiers)And tested at 100 km (with optical amplifiers)
Optical connector for flexible use of SPARK
Sub-seaShore
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Realized SPARK setup for 10Gb/s
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Results pulse Transmission over 10 km
VLVnT 2009 Athens 10 October 2009 Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 1248.80 ps
jitter mainly from P-N change over in the electronic circuitry
Refer to next p
resentatio
n of
Peter Jansw
eijer
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10 Gb/s Eye Pattern
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Received signal after a 10 km connection at receiver output
BER figureshows
Signal Quality
72.4 mV/div Clock Rec: 10,3125 Gb/s Time 16.2 ps/div Trig: Pattern5.1 mV LBW 4.13 MHz Delay 40.1552 ns Bit 113
BER is Bit Error RateThe more open “eye”The better SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)
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Node Interface Kit
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shore
DM laser R-EAM
PINCW laser
FPGA
Mem
PIN
311 Mhzclock
GbE
311 Mhzclock
GPSReceiver and
reference clock
SPARK Light e.g. OM
“Heartbeat” with embedded SC
up to 12x 10 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
Continuous wave laser
PMT data
TTC
Gen. I/O
including a basic firmware for the 10 gb/s network
end-node
Evaluation board Altera Stratix IV GT
determining the functionalityin the end-node
FPGA
interface outside world to the optical network
Typ. power Stratix GT SERDES: 171 mW at 10.3 Gbps
Altera Stratix IV GT sampling now
Xilinx Virtex 6 HXT sampling Q1 2010
Optical Network
(transparent for the data transmission format)
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Node Interface Kit
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shore
DM laser R-EAM
PINCW laser
FPGA
Mem
PIN
311 Mhzclock
GbE
311 Mhzclock
GPSReceiver and
reference clock
e.g. OM
“Heartbeat” with embedded SC
up to 12x 10 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
Continuous wave laser
PMT data
TTC
Gen. I/O
end-node
Evaluation board Altera Stratix IV GT PMT readout, TTC and general I/OFunctionality hard/firmware to beimplemented by the client
FPGA
Typ. power Stratix GT SERDES: 171 mW at 10.3 Gbps
Altera Stratix IV GT sampling now
Xilinx Virtex 6 HXT sampling Q1 2010D
WD
MD
WD
M
DW
DM
(depicted 1 channel)
SPARK
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Example of NIK Node implementation
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FPGAAltera Stratix IV
POWERBoard
CDR
R-EAM driver
PIN
R-EAM
3D COMPASS
HMC5843
ADC LED Beacon
PMT control
PMT LVDS signals
Acoustic Sensor
Optical Network
Sensors:-Temperature?
-Voltage?-Water?
PMT’s
I2C
I2C Bus
SPI
622Mbps
10Gbps
31 LVDS signals
10 - 14V 1V8, 3V3, 5V
Control
Spare I/O
Octopus Board
Mezzanine Boards
All I/O 3v3 or 1v8 or LVDS
for the Multiple PMT Optical Module
SPARK
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A photonic network for data acquisition systems for deep-sea neutrino telescopes
VLVnT 2009 Athens 10 October 2009 Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 17
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VLVnT 2009 Athens 10 October 2009 Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 18
Expertise is the last thing you need for an animated discussion
Thank you
andremember