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Elektrische Antriebssysteme für Luftfahrzeuge
Frank Anton Siemens AG eAircraft
Bayerischer Fliegertag 2017, Hirschaid
www.siemens.com
© Siemens AG 2017
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 2 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
We develop serial hybrid electric propulsion for aircraft
The technology is scalable, is making its way into small aircraft and, in the future, into commercial aircraft with 60 to 100 passengers.
Electric propulsion can reduce total cost of ownership
• Increase of aerodynamic efficiency by distributed propulsion
• Silent propulsion enables more operational hours per day
• Less fuel consumption and emission
Mobility is becoming electric – on land, at sea and in the air
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 3 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Our core portfolio – electric propulsion units (EPU) for applications with high power/weight requirements
AC DC DC AC
DC DC
Storage
Power Distribution Motor1) Generator1)
Turbine / ICE
Propulsion System
Propulsion Unit • Motor • Inverter • Propeller • Gearbox
Power Generation • Generator • Inverter • Controller • Turbine/ICE3)
Power Distribution • Circuit Breaker • Switches • Cables • Connectors
Energy Storage • Battery Packs • Converter • BMS2)
1) E-machines are capable to fulfill “power generation” and/or “propulsion” depending on e.g. mission profile, requirements and/or mode of operation, 2) Battery Management System (BMS), 3) Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 4 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Siemens eAircraft has a Long Term Strategy: General Aviation Applications Lead the Way to Higher Power Classes
2011-2013 today 2030
Maturity phase production
Product development
Prototyping and design studies
Initial concepts
Siemens hybrid electric propulsion systems for aircraft Propeller aircraft
Regional aircraft, 60-100 seats
Solu
tions
LSA
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 5 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
With our partners we have continually extended the boundaries of electric flight. The year 2016 marks the beginning of real electric flight applications.
2011
Maiden flights of the DA36 e-Star, world‘s first hybrid-electric aircraft, and improved eStar 2, with Airbus and Diamond Aircraft
2013
Maiden flight of the fully electric WattsUp trainer with Pipistrel
2014
2016
Maiden flight of the record propulsion system SP260D in the Extra 330LE
2016
Maiden flight of the Magnus e-Fusion upset recovery trainer with SP45D65
¼ Megawatt
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 6 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Magnus eFusion Maiden Flight on April 11, 2016 at Matkópuszta airfield
The eFusion of Magnus Aircraft Corp. (Hungary) is a two-seat side-by-side low-wing monoplane. Magnus gave it aerobatic capability, so it can serve for upset recovery training.
Siemens designed a safe and robust battery system for aviation use and optimized the electric propulsion system for application in the cost-sensitive segments of Very Light, Light Sport and Ultra Light Aircraft.
https://youtu.be/j3cNLsN-eCM
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 7 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Magnus eFusion Fully electric aircraft propulsion system installed firewall-forward
Propulsion System Data
Power 45 kW MCP 60 kW MTOP 85 kW max.
Nmax 2500 rpm
DC-link voltage
350 VDC nominal, range (300 …450 V)
Torque MBoost 324 Nm
Battery 9 swap modules
Max. airspeed 97 KIAS
Battery system
Inverter
Auxiliary system
Electric Motor with Bearing
Controller
Cooling
Aircraft Data
Empty weight including batteries and parachute
410 kg
Maximum Takeoff Weight 600 kg
Wingspan 8.4 m
Length 6.6 m
Height 2.4 m
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 8 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
The world‘s most powerful hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion system
The HYPSTAIR propulsion system
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 9 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
The HYPSTAIR propulsion system 2 separate power paths for near-twin-like levels of redundancy
ICE
Inverter 1 Inverter 2
Battery
Prop
elle
r
Inverter 3 Inverter 4
Geno 1 E-Mot 1 Geno 2 E-Mot 2
Contr. Unit 1 Contr. Unit 2
Contr. Unit 3 Contr. Unit 4 Dual winding system e-motor
Dual winding system generator
Rotax 914 Inverter
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 10 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Extra 330LE – Flying Testbed for ¼-MW class electric propulsion systems Maiden Flight on July 4, 2016 at Dinslaken Schwarze Heide airfield
*
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 11 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
The SP260D – Siemens Propulsion 260 kW Direct Drive electric motor Designed for aircraft propulsion
• SAFE Two electrically independent winding systems for internal redundancy
• POWERFUL 260 kW continuous power at 2500 RPM eliminating the need for a reduction gear
• EFFICIENT η = 95% at cruise power
• LIGHTWEIGHT 50 kg mass power density 5,2 kW/kg – unique for a direct drive e-motor in this power range
• ROBUST High coolant inlet temperature of 90 ºC
• EASY TO INTEGRATE Integrated propeller bearing
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 12 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Siemens uses the Extra 330LE for flight tests and optimization of electric propulsion systems built around the SP260D electric motor.
Extra 330LE – Flying Testbed for ¼-MW class electric propulsion systems
*
* As rated in the Extra 330LE
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 13 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Extra 330LE Maiden Flight on July 4, 2016 at Dinslaken Schwarze Heide airfield
*
https://youtu.be/fiu8TFnXYFY
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 14 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Extra 330LE Maiden Flight on July 4, 2016 at Dinslaken Schwarze Heide airfield
Video: © Sebastian Lettau, journalist of Dorstener Zeitung
1.) Cessna, 130 kW 2.) Extra, 260 kW
https://youtu.be/wQQ-0HK_tCI
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 15 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Extra 330LE World Record Flight on November 25, 2016 at Dinslaken airfield
*
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 16 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Electro Aerobatics?
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 17 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Maiden flight of electric aerobatic Silence Twister „aEro“ by Hamilton on September 21st, 2016 at Raron Airport, Switzerland
Hamilton aEro: efficient and low noise, 60 kW
Fotos: © Jean-Marie Urlacher
slender fuselage
https://youtu.be/2f9iovtnRwU
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 18 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Maiden flight of emission free hydrogen fuel cell 4 seat electric aircraft „HY4“ by DLR and partners on September 29th, 2016 at Stuttgart Airport (Siemens not involved)
H2FLY
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 19 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
HEMEP – Hybrid Electric Multi Engine Plane
The project demonstrates the potential of a distributed propulsion configuration by implementing the following solutions: • Free-stream propeller integration
Improvement of the overall aircraft’s aerodynamics and total efficiency.
• Ultra-light/fully integrated e-Motor Use of lightweight materials and fully integrated design (e.g. integrated propeller bearing, electrical fuel pumps, direct cooling system).
• High-density battery integration An HV battery for silent and clean propulsion during taxi, take-off and as an emergency energy source during flight.
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 20 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Economics and regulation push the aviation industry towards electrified propulsion
2016 – 2020 Hybrid Electric Systems Project
Airbus - Siemens
2030 Regional Aircraft possible 60-100 passengers, Hybrid Electric, 6-8 MW
2035+ Short Range Aircraft 150-200 passengers, 20MW
Maintenance, modific.,
insur., fees
Crew
15% 14% 100%
TCO Fuel
20%
Purchase
51%
1. Reduction of fuel consumption: main lever to reduce aircraft TCO (example 737-800)
2. Projected emission goals: can only be reached with disruptive concepts 1)
Major companies have realized this and define their roadmaps accordingly
2005 205020402030202020102010 2030 2050
CO2 mn ton
3. Customer perspective: extension of potential operating hours through noise reduction
1) IATA technology roadmap, June 2013
Possible through innovation of existing technologies
Requires biofuels and/or disruptive concepts (e.g. eAircraft)
EU agreement “Flight-path 2050”: 75% CO2 emission reduction
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 21 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
On April 7th, 2016, Airbus Group and Siemens AG have Signed a Long-Term Collaboration Agreement in the Field of Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 22 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
On April 7th, 2016, Airbus Group and Siemens AG have Signed a Long-Term Collaboration Agreement in the Field of Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems
“We believe that by 2030 passenger aircraft below 100 seats could be propelled by hybrid propulsion systems...”
Airbus Group CEO Tom Enders
Siemens is determined to establish hybrid-electric propulsion systems for aircraft as a future business.
• Both companies take a significant joint development decision
• Demonstrate the technical feasibility of various hybrid-electric propulsion systems by 2020
• Assemble joint development team of some 200 employees
• Prototype propulsion systems ranging from a few 100 kW up to 10 MW and more
• for short, local trips with aircraft below 100 seats, helicopters or UAVs up to classic short and medium-range journeys.
• Target: breakthrough innovation in aerospace e-mobility
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 23 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
We expect e-propulsion to be the standard solution by 2050
Milestone outlook for e-propulsion market
Today 2050
Experimental flight with small certified aircraft demonstrated
Today
Market ramp-up for certified systems, e.g., two- and four-seaters
2022
Airlines offering scheduled flights based on hybrid-electric aircraft
2030 E-propulsion is the standard solution for all aircraft segments
2050
Fully electric flying for medium range (energy storage capacity sufficient)
2025
Market entry for ultra-light and military due to less strict certification rules
2018
Increasing dominance of electric propulsion
Source: eAircraft market evaluation Major milestones for portfolio roadmap
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 24 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
• Decrease of Fuel Consumption and Emission, useful Range
• Increase of Electric Efficiency Silent Propulsion
• Increase of Aerodynamic Efficiency
• STOL, VTOL
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 25 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
Define:
• Mission Profile
• Electric Aircraft Design
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 26 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
Electric propulsion leads to unprecedented design opportunities
1) 2)
3) 4)
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 27 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
Distributed propulsion enables operational advantages
• Reduction of lift-induced drag and wetted surface
• Differential thrust eliminating stabilizer
• Energy recuperation
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 28 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
• Higher lift due to increased kinetic energy in the propeller slip stream
• Reduction of wing area drag reduction
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 29 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Next Steps: Aircraft that take Real Benefit from Elecric Propulsion
• Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
• Separation of Power Generation from Thrust Generation
• Distributed Propulsion
• Vectorized Thrust
© Siemens AG 2017 February 18th, 2017 Page 30 Dr. Frank Anton, Siemens AG eAircraft
Thank you for your attention
siemens.com
Dr. Frank Anton Head eAircraft
Siemens AG
eAircraft
CT N47S AIR
Guenther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1
D-91058 Erlangen
Phone: +49-9131-737 320
frank.anton@siemens.com