Post on 02-Jan-2016
transcript
WHAT IS NONFICTION?
The subject of nonfiction is real The author writes about actual
persons, places and events. The writer may just report facts
(unbiased, objective). The writer may also include
personal opinions (biased). Often there is a mixture of both. Readers must read critically.
READING CRITICALLY MEANS…
To look at writer’s backgroundTo look at writer’s purposeTo look at writer’s attitudeTo look at writer’s audience
Types of nonfiction
Biography Autobiography. Memoir Newspaper articles How-to articles Essays Letters Journals and diaries Speeches Reference materials
Biography
True story of someone’s life, written by another person
Usually tells events in chronological order
Written in 3rd person POV
Autobiography. MemoirAutobiography True story of someone’s life, written by that person tells events in chronological order, usually from birth to
childhood to old age Written in 1st person POV
Memoir Type of autobiographical writing Shorter than autobiographies Deals with the writer’s career, rather than with
their private life Written in 1st person POV
Newspaper article
Has a headline that gets attention
Gives information about a recent event
Tells who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
Essays
Persuasive - writer tries to convince a reader to share a belief, agree with an opinion, or to take some action
examples: newspaper editorial, political speech
Expository - writer’s primary purpose is to convey or explain information
1. facts are used as neutrally as possible
2. examples: report on a scientific discovery, instructions
Narrative – writer’s purpose is to relate a series of events, usually in chronological order
1. has the form of a story (often with characters and dialogue)
2. examples: historical essay, account of a soccer game
Personal / Reflective - expresses a writer’s thoughts, feelings, or opinions on a subject; usually written in an informal, conversational style
Journals and diaries
Journals: Private form of
writing Give a glimpse of
the writer’s value of his or her world
Intended to be read publicly
Diaries: a private form of writing
Not intended to be read publicly
Letters
Public letters / epistles
Directed or sent to a person or group of people
Very formal, often didactic, elegant tone
Private letters
Spontaneous – written without being planned
Conversational – sound like every day speech (informal register)
Private – intended to be read only by the person who receives them
Primary source documents – reveal information about the time in which they are written
Reference materials
Encyclopediaa book or set of books containing articles on various topics, usually in alphabetical order, covering all branches of knowledge.
Dictionary
Almanac an annual publication
containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events and phenomena as anniversaries, sunrises and sunsets, phases of the moon, tides, etc., and other statistical information and related topics.
a book containing a selection of the words of a language, usually arranged alphabetically, giving information about their meanings, pronunciations, etymologies, inflected forms, etc., expressed in either the same or another language; lexicon; glossary.
Author’s purpose Language – the
words chosen by the author, and the way he / she arranges them
Style – the “feel” of the writing, as conveyed by the author’s tone, rhythm and attitude toward the subject and reader
Syntax – the way the author applies the rules of grammar
Rhetoric strategies
the use of language the use of language effectively and effectively and persuasivelypersuasively
EthosEthos- appeal to - appeal to credibility, beliefs; expert’s credibility, beliefs; expert’s opinionopinion
LogosLogos- appeal to logic; - appeal to logic; facts, statisticsfacts, statistics
PathosPathos- appeal to - appeal to emotionsemotions