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Elwha River Restoration — Information Resources and Bibliography
Compiled by Jeff Duda, U.S. Geological Survey, jduda@usgs.gov
Current as of 4/9/2019
1Photo: Eliza Goode, NPS
Elwha River Bibliography 2 | P a g e
Peer-reviewed publications documenting the ecosystem prior to dam
removal
Acker, S.A., T.J. Beechie, and P.B. Shafroth. 2008. Effects of a natural dam-break flood on
geomorphology and vegetation on the Elwha River, Washington, USA. Northwest Science
82 (Special Issue):210-223.
Brenkman, S.J., G.R. Pess, C.E. Torgersen, K.K. Kloehn, J.J. Duda, and S.C. Corbett. 2008.
Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and
anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State,
USA. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):91-106.
Brenkman, S.J., Mumford, S.L., House, M. and Patterson, C. 2008. Establishing baseline information
on the geographic distribution of fish pathogens endemic in Pacific salmonids prior to dam
removal and subsequent recolonization by anadromous fish in the Elwha River, Washington.
Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):142-152.
Brenkman, S.J., J.J. Duda, C.E. Torgersen, E. Welty, G. Pess, R. Peters, and M. McHenry. 2012. A
riverscape perspective on distributions and abundances of Pacific Salmonids in Washington
State's Elwha River prior to large-scale dam removal and ecosystem restoration. Fisheries
Management and Ecology 19:36-53.
Brown, R.L. and Chenoweth, J., 2008. The effect of Glines Canyon Dam on hydrochorous seed
dispersal in the Elwha River. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):197-209.
Burke, B.J., Frick, K.E., Moses, R.E. and McHenry, M.L., 2008. Movements by adult coho salmon in
the lower Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):119-127.
Buscombe D., D.M. Rubin, and J.A. Warrick. 2010. Universal measure of mean grain size from
images of non-cohesive sediment. Journal of Geophysical Research- Earth Surface
115:F02015.
Cavaliere, E. and P. Homann. 2012. Elwha River sediments: phosphorus characterization and
dynamics under diverse environmental conditions. Northwest Science 86:95-107.
Coe, H.J., P.M. Kiffney, G.R. Pess, K.K. Kloehn, and M.L. McHenry. 2009. Periphyton and
invertebrate response to wood placement in large Pacific coastal rivers. River Research and
Applications 25:1025-1035.
Coe, H.J., Kiffney, P.M. and Pess, G.R., 2006. A comparison of methods to evaluate the response of
periphyton and invertebrates to wood placement in large Pacific coastal rivers. Northwest
Science 80:298-307.
Connolly, P.J. and S.J. Brenkman. 2008. Fish assemblage, density, and growth in lateral habitats
within natural and regulated sections of Washington's Elwha River prior to dam removal.
Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):107-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.210http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.210http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.91http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.142doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.xdoi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.197http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.119doi:10.1029/2009JF001477doi:10.1029/2009JF001477http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3955/046.086.0202http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1201http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1201https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Holly_Coe/publication/253584212_A_Comparison_of_Methods_to_Evaluate_the_Response_of_Periphyton_and_Invertebrates_to_Wood_Placement_in_Large_Pacific_Coastal_Rivers/links/0a85e533d5859f2531000000.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Holly_Coe/publication/253584212_A_Comparison_of_Methods_to_Evaluate_the_Response_of_Periphyton_and_Invertebrates_to_Wood_Placement_in_Large_Pacific_Coastal_Rivers/links/0a85e533d5859f2531000000.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.107
Elwha River Bibliography 3 | P a g e
Cook, K.L., W.W. Wallender, C.S. Bledsoe, G. Pasternack, and S.K. Upadhyaya. 2009. Effects of
native plant species, mycorrhizal inoculum, and mulch on restoration of reservoir sediment
following dam removal, Elwha River, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Restoration Ecology
19:251-260.
DeHaan, P.W., S.J. Brenkman, B. Adams, and P. Crain. 2011. Genetic population structure of
Olympic Peninsula bull trout populations and implications for Elwha dam removal.
Northwest Science 85:463-475.
Draut, A.E., J.B. Logan, and M.C. Mastin. 2011. Channel evolution in the dammed Elwha River,
Washington. Geomorphology 127:71-87.
Duda, J.J., J.E. Freilich, and E.G. Schreiner. 2008. Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem
prior to dam removal: introduction to the special issue. Northwest Science 82(Special
Issue):1-12.
Duda, J.J., S. Morley, H. Coe, K. Kloehn, M. McHenry. 2011. Establishing spatial trends in water
chemistry and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) in the Elwha River prior to dam removal and
salmon recolonization. River Research and Applications 27:1169-1181.
Gelarden, C.J. and J.F. McLaughlin. 2013. Forecasting avian responses to Elwha River restoration.
Ecological Restoration 31:31-45.
Hansen, A.G., J.R. Gardner, D.A. Beauchamp, R. Paradis, and T.P. Quinn. 2016. Recovery of
sockeye salmon in the Elwha River, Washington, after dam removal: dependence of smolt
production on the resumption of anadromy by landlocked kokanee. Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society 145:1303-1317.
Jenkins, K.J., N.D. Chelgren, K.A. Sager‐Fradkin, P.J. Happe and M.J. Adams. 2015. Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam
removal. River Research and Applications 31:193-206.
Konrad, C.P., 2009. Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed stability
in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. Ecological Engineering
35:1104-1115.
Kloehn K.K., T.J. Beechie, S.A. Morley, H.J. Coe, and J.J. Duda, 2008. Influence of dams on river-
floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82 (Special
Issue):224-235.
Masteller, C.C., N.J. Finnegan, J.A. Warrick, and I.M. Miller. 2015. Kelp, cobbles, and currents:
Biologic reduction of coarse grain entrainment stress. Geology 43:543-546.
McHenry, M.L. and G.R. Pess. 2008. An overview of monitoring options for assessing the response
of salmonids and their aquatic ecosystems in the Elwha River following dam removal.
Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):29-47.
McLaughlin, J.F., 2013. Engaging birds in vegetation restoration after Elwha dam
removal. Ecological Restoration 31:46-56.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00559.x/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00559.x/abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.085.0305doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.008http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1doi:10.1002/rra.1413http://er.uwpress.org/content/31/1/31.shorthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223752http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1223752http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2723/fulldoi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/43/6/543.shorthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.29http://er.uwpress.org/content/31/1/46.short
Elwha River Bibliography 4 | P a g e
Michel, J.T., J.M. Helfield and D.U. Hooper. 2011. Seed rain and revegetation of exposed substrates
following dam removal on the Elwha River. Northwest Science 85:15-29.
Miller, I.M., and J.A. Warrick. 2012. Measuring sediment transport and bed disturbance with tracers
on a mixed beach. Marine Geology 299-302:1-17.
Miller, I.M., J.A. Warrick, and C. Morgan. 2011. Observations of coarse sediment movements on the
mixed beach of the Elwha Delta, Washington. Marine Geology 282:201-214.
Morley, S.A., J.J. Duda, H.J. Coe, K.K. Kloehn, and M.L. McHenry. 2008. Benthic invertebrates and
periphyton in the Elwha River Basin: current conditions and predicted response to dam
removal. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):179-196.
Morley, S.A., H.J. Coe, J.J. Duda, L.S. Dunphy M.L. McHenry, B.R. Beckman, M. Elofson, E.M.
Sampson, and L. Ward. 2016. Seasonal variation exceeds effects of salmon carcass additions
on benthic foodwebs in the Elwha River. Ecosphere 7(8), article e01422. DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.1422.
Mussman, E.K., D. Zabowski, and S.A. Acker. 2008. Predicting secondary reservoir sediment
erosion and stabilization following dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):236-
245.
Parks, D., A. Shaffer, and D. Berry. 2013. Nearshore drift-cell sediment processes and ecological
function for forage fish: implications for ecological restoration of impaired Pacific
Northwest marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 29:984-997.
Perry, L.G., P.B. Shafroth, and S.S. Perakis. 2017. Riparian soil development linked to forest
succession above and below dams along the Elwha River, Washington, USA. Ecosystems
20:104-129. doi:10.1007/s10021-016-0080-1.
Pess, G.R., M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and J. Davies. 2008. Biological impacts of the Elwha River
dams and potential salmonid responses to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special
Issue):72-90.
Pess, G.R., Liermann, M.C., McHenry, M.L., Peters, R.J. and Bennett, T.R., 2012. Juvenile salmon
response to the placement of engineered log jams (ELJs) in the Elwha River, Washington
State, USA. River Research and Applications, 28:872-881.
Quinn, T.P., N. Harris, J.A. Shaffer, C. Byrnes and P. Crain. 2013. Juvenile Coho salmon in the
Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Seasonal occupancy, size distribution, and
comparison to nearby Salt Creek. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:1058-
1066.
Quinn, T.P., J.A. Shaffer, J. Brown, N. Harris, C. Byrnes, and P. Crain. 2014. Juvenile Chinook
salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, use of the Elwha river estuary prior to dam removal.
Environmental Biology of Fishes 97:731-740.
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3955/046.085.0102doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2012.01.002doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.012http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.179http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.1422/abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.236http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.236http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00264.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0080-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0080-1http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.72http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.72http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1481http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2013.793614http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2013.793614http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-013-0173-z
Elwha River Bibliography 5 | P a g e
Quinn, T.P., M.H. Bond, and H.B. Berge. 2015. Use of egg size differences in anadromous (sockeye
salmon) and non-anadromous (kokanee) forms of Onchrhynchus nerka to infer ancestral
origins of a landlocked population. Ecological Restoration 30:547-554.
Reisenbichler. R.R., and S.R. Phelps. 1989. Genetic variation in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) from
the North Coast of Washington State. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
46:66-73.
Rich, S.L., J.A. Shaffer, M.J. Fix, and J.O. Dawson. 2014. Restoration considerations of large woody
debris in the Elwha River nearshore, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Ecological
Restoration 32:306-313.
Sager-Fradkin, K.A., K.J. Jenkins, P.J. Happe, J.J. Beecham, R.G. Wright, and R.A. Hoffman. 2008.
Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha Valley prior to dam removal. Northwest
Science 82(Special Issue):164-178.
Shaffer, J.A., P. Crain, B. Winter, M.L. McHenry, C. Lear, and T.J. Randle. 2008. Nearshore
restoration of the Elwha River through removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams: an
overview. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):48-58.
Shaffer J.A., M. Beirne, T. Ritchie, R. Paradis, D. Barry, and P. Crain. 2009. Fish habitat use in
response to anthropogenic induced changes of physical processes in the Elwha estuary,
Washington, USA. Hydrobiologia 636:179–190.
Shafroth, P.B., L.G. Perry, C.A. Rose, and J.H. Braatne. 2016. Effects of dams and geomorphic
context on riparian forests of the Elwha River, Washington. Ecosphere 7(12): e01621. DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.1621.
Thorton, E.J., J.J. Duda, and T.P. Quinn. 2016. Influence of species, size, and relative abundance on
the outcomes of competitive interactions between brook trout and juvenile coho salmon.
Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution 29:157-169. DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2015.1125393.
Warrick, J.A., and A.W. Stevens. 2011. A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland - observations of
the Elwha River plume. Continental Shelf Research 31:85-97.
Warrick, J.A., D.A. George, G. Gelfenbaum, G. Kaminsky, and M. Beirne. 2009. Beach morphology
and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the Elwha River, Washington.
Geomorphology 111:136-148.
Warrick J.A., D.M. Rubin, P. Ruggiero, J. Harney, A.E. Draut, and D. Buscombe. 2009. Cobble
Cam: Grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and
autocorrelation analyses. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34:1811-1821.
Warrick, J.A., G.R. Cochrane, Y. Sagy, and G. Gelfenbaum. 2008. Nearshore substrate and
morphology offshore of the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82 (Special
Issue):153-163.
Winans, G.A., M.L. McHenry, J. Baker, A. Elz, A. Goodbla, E. Iwamoto, D. Kuligowski, K.M.
Miller, M.P. Small, P. Spruell, and D. Van Doornik. 2008. Genetic inventory of anadromous
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1255-5http://er.uwpress.org/content/32/3/306.shorthttp://er.uwpress.org/content/32/3/306.shorthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.164http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.164http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.48http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1621http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1621http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2015.1125393?journalCode=teee20doi:10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.012http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.1877/abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.153http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.153
Elwha River Bibliography 6 | P a g e
Pacific salmonids of the Elwha River prior to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special
Issue):128-141.
Winans, G.A., J. Baker, M. McHenry, L. Ward, and J. Myers. 2017. Genetic characterization of
Oncorhynchus mykiss prior to dam removal with implications for recolonization of the Elwha
River watershed, Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146:160-172.
Winter, B.D. and Crain, P., 2008. Making the case for ecosystem restoration by dam removal in the
Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):13-28.
Woodward, A., E.G. Schreiner, P. Crain, S.J. Brenkman, P.J. Happe, S.A. Acker, and C. Hawkins-
Hoffman., 2008. Conceptual models for research and monitoring of Elwha dam removal-
management perspective. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):59-71.
Wunderlich, R.C., B.D. Winter, and J.H. Meyer. 1994. Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem.
Fisheries 19(8):11-19.
Peer-reviewed publications documenting ecosystem response to dam
removal Cubley, E.S. and R.L. Brown. 2016. Restoration of hydrochory following dam removal on the Elwha
River, Washington. River Research and Applications. DOI: 10.1002/rra.2999
Cortese, A.M. and R.A. Bunn. 2017. Availability and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal and
ectomycorrhizal fungi during revegetation of dewatered reservoirs left after dam removal.
Restoration Ecology 25:63-71.
Draut, A.E. and A.C. Ritchie. 2015. Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River,
Washington, USA, formed during large‐scale dam removal. River Research and Applications 31:42-61.
East, A.E., G.R. Pess, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, A.C. Ritchie, J.B. Logan, T.J. Randle, M.C. Mastin,
J.T. Minear, J.J. Duda, M.C. Liermann, M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and P.B. Shafroth.
2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: River channel and
floodplain geomorphic change. Geomorphology 228:765-786.
doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.028.
East, A.E., J.B. Logan, M.C. Mastin, A.C. Ritchie, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, and J.B. Sankey. 2018.
Geomorphic evolution of a gravel-bed river under sediment-starved versus sediment-rich
conditions: river response to the world’s largest dam removal. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Earth Surface 123:3338-3369.
Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, C.A. Nittrouer, and J.A. Warrick. 2016. Tidally dominated sediment
dispersal offshore of a small mountainous river: Elwha River, Washington State. Continental
Shelf Research. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.01.009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.128http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.128http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1249293http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.13http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.59http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8446(1994)019%3C0011%3AROTERE%3E2.0.CO%3B2http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2999/fullhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12406/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2724/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2724/fullhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X14004553https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JF004703https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JF004703http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434316300115http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434316300115http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.01.009
Elwha River Bibliography 7 | P a g e
Foley, M.M., J.J. Duda, M. Beirne, R. Paradis, and J.A. Warrick. 2015. Rapid physical change in the
Elwha River estuary complex during dam decommissioning. Limnology and Oceanography.
60:1719-1732. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10129.
Foley, M.M., J. A. Warrick, A. Ritchie, A.W. Stevens, P.B. Shafroth, M.M. Beirne, R. Paradis, J.J.
Duda, G. Gelfenbaum, R. McCoy, and E.S. Cubley. 2017. Coastal habitat and biological
community response to dam removal on the Elwha River. Ecological Monographs 87:552-
577. IP-078342. DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1268.
Foley, M.M., and J.A. Warrick. 2017. Ephemeral seafloor sedimentation during dam removal: Elwha
River, Washington. Continental Shelf Research 150:36-47. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.005.
Gelfenbaum, G., A.W. Stevens, I.M. Miller, J.A. Warrick, A.S. Ogston, and E. Eidam. 2015. Large-
scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Coastal geomorphic change.
Geomorphology 228:649-688.
Hilldale, R.C., W.O. Carpenter, B. Goodwiller, J.P. Chambers and T.J. Randle. 2014. Installation of
impact plates to continuously measure bed load: Elwha River, Washington, USA. Journal of
Hydraulic Engineering 141(3), p.06014023.
Liermann, M., G. Pess, M. McHenry, J. McMillan, M. Elofson, T. Bennett, and R. Moses. 2017.
Relocation and recolonization of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in two tributaries to the
Elwha River: implications for management and Monitoring. Transactions of the American
Fisheries Society 146:955-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2017.1317664
Magirl, C.S., R.C. Hilldale, C.A. Curran, J.J. Duda, T.D. Straub, M. Domanski, and J.R. Foreman.
2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fluvial sediment
load. Geomorphology 246:669-686. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032.
McCaffery, R., J. McLaughlin, K. Sager-Fradkin, and K.J. Jenkins. 2018. Terrestrial fauna are agents
and endpoints in ecosystem restoration following dam removal. Ecological Restoration
36:97-107.
McMillan, J.R., G.R. Pess, M. Liermann, S.A. Morley, M.L. McHenry, L.A. Campbell, and T.P.
Quinn. 2015. Using Redd Attributes, Fry Density, and Otolith Microchemistry to
Distinguish the Presence of Steelhead and Rainbow Trout in the Elwha River Dam Removal
Project. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 35(5), pp.1019-1033.
McMillan, J.R., R. Pess, G., McHenry, M.L., Moses, R. and Quinn, T.P., 2014. Documentation of
unusual, fall spawning by coastal cutthroat trout in the Elwha River system,
Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 143(6), pp.1605-1611.
Peters, R.J., M. Liermann, M.L. McHenry, P. Bakke, and G.R. Pess. 2017. Changes in streambed
composition in salmonid spawning habitat of the Elwha River during dam removal. Journal
of the American Water Resources Association 53:871-885.
Prach, K., J. Chenoweth, and R. del Moral. 2018. Spontaneous and assisted restoration of vegetation
on the bottom of a former water reservoir, the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, WA,
U.S.A. 2018. Restoration Ecology Doi:10.1111/rec.12915.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.10129/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.10129/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecm.1268/fullhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434317300948?via%3Dihubdoi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.002.http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000975http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000975http://afs.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2017.1317664http://afs.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2017.1317664https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276248454_Large-scale_dam_removal_on_the_Elwha_River_Washington_USA_Fluvial_sediment_loadhttp://er.uwpress.org/content/36/2/97.shorthttp://er.uwpress.org/content/36/2/97.shorthttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02755947.2015.1074965#.V0i3EfkrLRYhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2014.963255http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1752-1688.12536/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1752-1688.12536/fullhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.12915
Elwha River Bibliography 8 | P a g e
Quinn, T.P., M.H. Bond, S.J. Brenkman, R. Paradis, and R.J. Peters. 2017. Re-awakening dormant
life history variation: stable isotopes indicate anadromy in bull trout following dam removal
on the Elwha River, Washington. Environmental Biology of Fishes doi:10.1007/s10641-017-
0676-0.
Randle, T.J., J.A. Bountry, A. Ritchie and K. Wille. 2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha
River, Washington, USA: erosion of reservoir sediment. Geomorphology 246:709-728.
Ritchie, A.C., J.A. Warrick, A.E. East, C.S. Magirl, A.W. Stevens, J.A. Bountry, T.J. Randle, C.A.
Curran, R.C. Hilldale, J.J. Duda, I.M. Miller, G.R. Pess, M.M. Foley, R. McCoy, and A.S.
Ogston. 2018. Morphodynamic evolution following sediment release from the world’s
largest dam removal. Scientific Reports 8:13279.
Rubin, S.P., I.M. Miller, M.M. Foley, H.D. Berry, J.J. Duda, B. Hudson, N.E. Elder, M.M. Beirne,
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R. Pedersen. 2017. Increased sediment load during large-scale dam removal changes
nearshore subtidal communities. PLoS ONE 12(12) e0187742.
Shaffer, J.A., F. Juanes, T.P. Quinn, D. Parks, T. McBride, J. Michel, C. Naumann, M. Hocking, and
C. Byrnes. 2017. Nearshore fish community response to large scale dam removal:
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doi:10.1007/s00027-017-0526-3
Shaffer, J.A., E. Higgs, C. Walls, and F. Juanes. 2017. Large-scale dam removals and nearshore
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35:87-101.
Stratton, L.E., and G.E. Grant. 2019. Autopsy of a reservoir: facies architecture in a multidam
system, Elwha River, Washington, USA. GSA Bulletin.
Tonra, C.M., K. Sager‐Fradkin, and P.P. Marra. 2016. Barriers to salmon migration impact body condition, offspring size, and life history variation in an avian consumer. Ecography.
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Tonra, C.M., K. Sager-Fradkin, S.A. Morley, J.J. Duda, and P.P. Marra. 2015. The rapid return of
marine derived nutrients to a freshwater food web following a century of
damming. Biological Conservation 192:130-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.009.
Warrick, J.A., J.A. Bountry, A.E. East, C.S. Magirl, T.J. Randle, G. Gelfenbaum, G.R. Pess, V.
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Warrick, J.A., J.J. Duda, C.S. Magirl, and C.A. Curran. 2012. River turbidity and sediment loads
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Brew, A.K., J.A. Morgan and P.A. Nelson. 2015. Bankfull width controls on riffle-pool morphology
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Draut, A.E., J.B. Logan, M.C. Mastin, and R.E. McCoy. 2010. Seasonal and decadal-scale channel
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Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2014. Gravity flow processes and deposits in a tidally
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Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2014. Sediment dispersal and deposition on a
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Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2012. Fine-grained sediment dispersal mechanisms
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Geophysical Union 45th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, December 3, 2012.
Gelfenbaum G., A.W. Stevens, E. Elias, and J.A. Warrick, 2009. Modeling sediment transport and
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Miller, I.M., A.S. Ogston, and J. Dolan. 2015. Sedimentology of intertidal deposits after dam
removal on a coastal river. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 2015.
Ogston, A.S., E.F. Eidam, K.L. Webster, and R.P. Hale. 2016. Linking research and education: an
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Elwha River Restoration. 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, February 25, 2016.
Randle, T.J., and J.A. Bountry. 2010. Elwha River restoration: sediment adaptive management. 2nd
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Cavaliere, E. 2010. Elwha River sediments: phosphorous dynamics under diverse environmental
conditions. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham.
Chenoweth, J. 2007. Predicting seed germination in the sediments of Lake Mills after removal of the
Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Citron, E.H. 2016. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) nutrition in the dewatered Lake Aldwell
reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University,
Bellingham.
Clausen, A.J. 2012. Riparian understory dynamics and relationship to dams on the Elwha River,
Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney.
Cortese, A. 2014. Mycorrhizal availability in the basin of Lake Mills and influence on colonization
and growth of Salix scouleriana under drought stress. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington
University, Bellingham.
Cubley, E.S. 2015. Initial response of riparian vegetation to dam removal on the Elwha River,
Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney.
De Rego, K.G. 2018. Decadal-scale evolution of the Elwha River downstream of Glines Canyon
Dam: Perspectives from numerical modeling. PhD Dissertation, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver.
Egan, V.G. 2007. Restoring the Elwha: Salmon, dams, and people on the Olympic Peninsula, a case
study of environmental decision-making. PhD Dissertation, Antioch University, New
England.
Eidam, E.F. 2017. Processes and records of coastal sediment dispersal in contrasting deltaic systems.
PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Harguth, H.L. 2013. The Elwha River ecosystem restoration project: a case study of government-to-
government co-management. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington.
Johnson, P.R.S. 2013. Elwha: Value of a river. Managing risk in the Pacific Northwest. PhD
Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT
Kane, W.R.H. 2018. Monitoring the influx of marine derived nutrients and characterizing soil
foodwebs of riparian zones of the Elwha River watershed, WA, USA. M.S. Thesis, Eastern
Washington University, Cheney, WA.
Knapp, R.L. 2009. North American beaver (Castor canadensis) habitat use in the Olympic Peninsula’s
Elwha Valley. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham.
McCormick, R. D. 1996. A water quality analysis of the Elwha River, WA, watershed prior to
anadromous fisheries restoration. M.S. Thesis, Antioch University, Keene, NH.
Michel, J.T. 2010. Seed rain and selected species germination and growth trials: implications for
natural and augmented revegetation of post-dam Elwha River floodplain and reservoir
sediments. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham.
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Miller, I.M. 2011. Mixed beach morphodynamics and shoreline evolution on the dammed Elwha
River delta, Washington State, USA. PhD. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Morgan, O.A. 2018. Vegetation community development after dam removal on the Elwha River.
M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA.
Nagid, B.M. 2015. Historical shoreline evolution as a response to dam placement on the Elwha
River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Nabors, T. 2008. Surf smelt spawning in the Central Strait of Juan de Fuca, including the Elwha
nearshore and comparative sites. Ph.D dissertation, Western Washington University,
Bellingham.
Thomas, C.C. 2018. Riparian vegetation and the soil seed bank five years after dam removal on the
Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney.
Thornton E.E. 2015. Competition between non-native brook trout and coho salmon in the Elwha
River, WA during dam removal. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Schuster, J.L., 2015. Vegetation colonization within exposed reservoirs following dam removal on
the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney.
Shaffer, J.A. 2017. Nearshore restoration associated with large dam removal and implications for
ecosystem recovery and conservation of northeast Pacific fish: lessons from the Elwha dam
removal. PhD. Dissertation, University of Victoria, British Columbia.
Webster, K.L. 2014. Sediment dispersal and accumulation in an insular sea: deltas of Puget Sound.
PhD. Dissertation, University of Washington.
Wing, S., 2014. Reservoir sediment carbon along the Elwha River after removal of dams. M.S.
Thesis, University of Washington Seattle.
Technical reports Anderson, J., M. Mizell, M. Ackley, K. Mayer, M. Zimmerman and P. Crain. 2015. Elwha River
weir project: 2013 operations and final summary report. Washington Department of Fish
and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPT 15-03, Olympia, WA.
Chenoweth, J., S.A. Acker, M.L. McHenry. 2011. Revegetation and restoration plan for Lake Mills
and Lake Aldwell. Olympic National Park and Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe.
Childers, D., D.L. Kresch, S.A. Gustafson, T.J. Randle, J.T. Melena, and B. Cluer, 2000, Hydrologic
data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington.
U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 99-4215. 39 pp.
Clark, D., A. Bell, J. Sloan, M. Bauer, and S. Goplen. 2013. Aerial missions with small unmanned
aircraft systems to monitor sediment flow and changing topography resulting from the
removal of dams on the Elwha River. Technical Memorandum No. 86-68260-13-03, U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO.
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Cochrane, G.R., J.A. Warrick, Y. Sagy, D. Finlayson, and J. Harney, 2008. Sea-floor mapping and
benthic habitat GIS for the Elwha River delta nearshore, Washington. USGS Data Series
320.
Corbett, S.C. and S.J. Brenkman. 2012. Two case studies from Washington’s Olympic
Peninsula: Radio telemetry reveals bull trout anadromy and establishes baseline information
prior to large-scale dam removal. Pages 207-220 in N.S. Adams, J.W. Beeman, and J.H. Eiler,
editors. Telemetry Techniques: A Users Guide for Fisheries Research. American Fisheries
Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 518 p
Curran, C.A., C.P. Konrad, R. Dinehart, and E. Moran. 2008. Bank topography, bathymetry and
current velocity in the Lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Lower Elwha, Washington, May
2006. USGS Data Series 363.
Curran, C.A., C.P. Konrad, J.L. Higgins and M.K. Bryant. 2009. Estimates of sediment load prior to
dam removal in the Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington. USGS Scientific
Investigations Report 2009-5221, 28 p.
Curran, C.A., C.S. Magirl, and J.J. Duda. 2013. Suspended-sediment concentration during dam
decommissioning in the Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Data Set.
Available online at http://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/misc/elwha/ssc.
Curran, C.A., C.S. Magirl, and J.J. Duda. 2014. Suspended-sediment concentration during dam
decommissioning in the Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Data Set.
Available online at http://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/misc/elwha/ssc,
doi:10.5066/F7M043DB.
Czuba, C.R., T.J. Randle, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, C.P. Konrad, and C.P. Curran C.P. 2011,
Anticipated Sediment Delivery to the Lower Elwha River Estuary During and Following
Dam Removal, Chapter 2 in Duda, J.J., Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal Habitats
of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal:
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. - Chapter 2
Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, M. Liermann, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess.
2014. 2014 Elwha River Chinook Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-
Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha
Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC00364.
Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2014. 2014
Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam
SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam
Tribe under contract #P13PC00296.
Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, M. Liermann, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess.
2015. 2015 Elwha River Chinook Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-
Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha
Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC0005.
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Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2016. 2016
Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam
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Tribe under contract #P16PC0005.
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Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam
SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam
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Draut A.E., J.B. Logan, R.E. McCoy, M. McHenry, and J.A. Warrick. 2008. Channel evolution on
the lower Elwha River, Washington, 1939–2006. USGS Scientific Investigations Report
2008-5127. 26 p.
Duda, J.J., J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl, 2011. The Coastal and Lower Elwha River Prior to Dam
Removal: History, Status, and Defining Characteristics, Chapter 1 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick,
and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns
and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations
Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
Duda, J.J., M.M. Beirne, K. Larsen, D. Barry, K. Stenberg, and M.L. McHenry. 2011. Aquatic
Ecology of the Elwha River Estuary Prior to Dam Removal, Chapter 7 in J.J. Duda, J.A.
Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical
Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
Finlayson, D.P., I.M. Miller, and J.A. Warrick. 2011. Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter—Elwha
River delta, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1226.
Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2016. Use of Radio Telemetry to Assess Adult
Salmonid Movements and Upstream Passage at Former Elwha and Glines Canyon Dam
Sites in 2014. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. 36 p.
Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2017. Use of radio telemetry to assess adult
salmonid movements and upstream passage at former Elwha and Glines Canyon dam sites
in 2015 and 2016. Unpublished Report, Olympic National Park.
Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2018. Use of radio telemetry to assess adult
salmonid movements and upstream passage at former Elwha and Glines Canyon dam sites
from 2014 to 2017. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. 35 p.
Gelfenbaum, G., J.J. Duda, and J.A. Warrick. 2011. Summary and anticipated response to Elwha
River dam removal, Chapter 9 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal
Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam
Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
Magirl, C.S., P.J. Connolly, B. Coffin, J.J. Duda, C.A. Curran, and A.E. Draut. 2010. Sediment
management strategies associated with dam removal in the State of Washington. Proceedings
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Elwha River Bibliography 14 | P a g e
Magirl, C.S., C.A. Curran, R.W. Sheibley, J.A. Warrick, J.A. Czuba, C.R. Czuba, A.S. Gendaszek,
P.B. Shafroth, J.J. Duda, and J.R. Foreman. 2011. Hydrology of the Lower Elwha River,
Chapter 4 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha
River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S.
Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
McHenry, M., G. Pess, R. Moses, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, and J. Anderson. 2015. Spawning
distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elwha River, Washington
State during dam removal (2011-2014. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, and G. Pess. 2015. 2014 Elwha River smolt enumeration
project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, and G. Pess. 2016. 2015 Elwha River smolt enumeration
project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2017. 2016 Elwha
River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2018. 2017 Elwha
River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., G. Pess, R. Moses, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, H. Hugunin, and J. Anderson. 2016.
Spawning distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elwha River,
Washington State during dam removal from 2012-2015. Unpublished report to Olympic
National Park.
McHenry, M., G. Pess, J. Anderson, and H. Hugunin. 2017. Spatial distribution of Chinook salmon
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam
removal and early stages of recolonization (2012-2016). Unpublished report to Olympic
National Park.
McHenry, M., G. Pess, and J. Anderson. 2018. Spatial distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) spawning in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam removal and early
stages of recolonization (2012-2017). Unpublished report to Olympic National Park.
McHenry, M., J. McMillan, R. Moses, and G. Pess. 2018. Coho salmon relocations and redd surveys
in the Elwha River 2011-2017: Summary Report. Unpublished report to Olympic National
Park.
McHenry, M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2018. 2017 Elwha River
smolt enumeration project report. Summary Report. Unpublished report to Olympic
National Park.
McHenry, M.L., and J. Chenoweth. 2015. Revegetation of the former Mills reservoir on the Elwha
River following dam removal: moving large wood by helicopter to assist revegetation efforts.
Unpublished report to EPA/Puget Sound Partnership and the Salmon Recovery Funding
Board.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/
Elwha River Bibliography 15 | P a g e
McMillan, J.R., and R. Moses. 2012. Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for
middle Elwha River 2011/2012. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports
NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park.
McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, G. Pess, M. Liermann, H. Hugunin, and P. Crain. 2013.
Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for middle Elwha River
2012/2013. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower
Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park.
McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, K. Denton, G. Pess, H. Hugunin, and A. Geffre. 2014.
Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for middle Elwha River
2013/2014. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower
Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park.
McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, G. Pess, and M. Liermann. 2018. Summary of 2017 winter
steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) surveys in the Elwha River. Unpublished report submitted by
the Lower Elwha Klallam Natural Resources Department to the Olympic National Park.
Moses, R., J.R. McMillan, G. Pess, M. McHenry, H. Hugunin, and P. Crain. 2015. Summary of coho
salmon redd surveys in the middle Elwha River 2014/2015. Unpublished report, Elwha
River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Triber, and Olympic
National Park.
Munn, M. D., M. L. McHenry, and V. Sampson. 1996. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in
the Elwha River basin, 1994-95. Open File Report 96-588, U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma,
WA.
Munn, M.D., R.W. Black, A.L. Haggland, M.A. Humling, and R.L. Huffman, 1999, An Assessment
of Stream Habitat and Nutrients in the Elwha River Basin: Implications for Restoration, U.S.
Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4223. 38 p.
Peters, R.J., J.J. Duda, G.R. Pess, M. Zimmerman, P. Crain, Z. Hughes, A. Wilson, M.C. Liermann,
S.A. Morley, J.R. McMillan, K. Denton, D. Morrill, and K. Warheit. 2014. Guidelines for
monitoring and adaptively managing Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead
(O. mykiss) restoration in the Elwha River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report,
Washington Field Office, Lacey, WA. http://go.usa.gov/85XF.
Peters, R.J., G.R. Pess, M.L. McHenry, P.D. Bakke, M. Elofson, and E. Sampson. 2015. Quantifying
changes in streambed composition following the removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon
dams on the Elwha River. Unpublished U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report to Olympic
National Park.
Rubin, S.P., I.M. Miller, N. Elder, R.R. Reisenbichler, and J.J. Duda. 2011. Nearshore Biological
Communities Prior to Removal of the Elwha River Dams, Chapter 6 in J.J. Duda, J.A.
Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical
Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri984223http://go.usa.gov/85XFhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/
Elwha River Bibliography 16 | P a g e
Shafroth, P.B., T.L. Fuentes, C. Pritekel, M. Beirne, and V.B. Beauchamp. 2011, Vegetation of the
Elwha River Estuary, Chapter 8 in Duda, J.J., Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal
Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam
Removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.
Warrick, J.A., A.E. Draut, M. McHenry, I.M. Miller, C. Magirl, M. Beirne, A.W. Stevens, and J.B.
Logan. 2011, Geomorphology of the Elwha River and its Delta. Chapter 3 in Duda, J.J.,
Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and
Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Report 2011-5120.
Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H.
Hugunin. 2015. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2014
carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division
Report FPA 15-05, Olympia, WA.
Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H.
Hugunin. 2016. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2015
carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division
Report FPA 16-04, Olympia, WA.
Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H.
Hugunin. 2017. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2016
carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division
Report FPA 17-05, Olympia, WA.
Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H.
Hugunin. 2018. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2017
carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division
Report FPA 18-05, Olympia, WA.
Pre-project planning documents and studies Adams, C., R. Reisenbichler, and J. Meyer. 1999. Elwha River ecosystem restoration: potential
effects and restoration methods - fisheries investigations. Final report to Olympic National
Park, Part I. Inventory of Resident Fishes in the Upper Elwha River. Completed by the
USGS Biological Resources Division pursuant to Subagreement No. 27 under Cooperative
Agreement No. CA-9000-8-0007. Seattle, WA.
Brannon, E. L., and W. K. Hershberger. 1984. Elwha River fall Chinook. In J.M. Walton and D.B.
Houston (editors). Proceedings of the Olympic Wild Fish Conference, March 23-25, 1983.
Peninsula College, Port Angeles, WA. Pp. 169-172.
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Elwha River Bibliography 17 | P a g e
BOR (Bureau of Reclamation). 1995. Alluvium distribution in Lake Mills, Glines Canyon Project
and Lake Aldwell, Elwha Project, Washington. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-4, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO.
BOR (Bureau of Reclamation). 1996. Sediment analysis and modeling of the river erosion
alternative. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-9, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO.
Chapman, D. W. 1981. Pristine production of anadromous salmonids – Elwha River. For the
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Contract No. P00C14206447, Unpublished report on file at Lower
Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA.
Department of the Interior (DOI), Department of Commerce, and the Lower Elwha S’Klallam
Tribe. 1994. The Elwha report – restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem and native
anadromous fisheries. A report to Congress submitted pursuant to Public Law 102-495, Port
Angeles, WA.
Department of the Interior (DOI). 1995. Elwha River ecosystem restoration, final environmental
impact statement. NPS D-253A. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Olympic
National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Department of the Interior (DOI). 1996. Elwha River ecosystem restoration implementation, final
environmental impact statement. NPS D-271A. Department of the Interior, National Park
Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Department of the Interior (DOI). 2005. Elwha River ecosystem restoration implementation, final
supplement to the final environmental impact statement. NPS D-377A. Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Dilley, S. J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1987. Steelhead smolt exit selection at Glines Canyon Dam. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Dilley, S. J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1990. Juvenile Chinook passage at Glines Canyon Dam, Elwha
River 1989-1990. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission). 1993. Draft Staff Report, Glines Canyon (FERC
No. 588) and Elwha (FERC No. 2683) Hydroelectric Projects, Washington. Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission, Office of Hydropower Licensing, Washington, D.C.
Glasgow, J. 2000. Upper extent of fish distribution and fish habitat in two relatively pristine Western
Washington watersheds. TFW Report Number TFW-ISAG3-00-001. Prepared for CMER
Committee and Washington Department of Natural Resources, Forest Practices Division
under USFWS Agreement #13410-1121-10BT. Washington Department of Natural
Resources, Olympia, WA.
Hiss, J. 1995. Elwha River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta): spawner survey and escapement
estimate, 1994-1995. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Elwha River Bibliography 18 | P a g e
Hiss, J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1994a. Salmonid availability and migration in the middle Elwha River
system. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries
Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Hiss, J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1994b. Status of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Lake
Sutherland basin and prospects for sockeye salmon restoration. Prepared for Olympic
National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia,
WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1987. Applicant’s 3-month report. Files with FERC August 28, 1987. Elwha
Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic
National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1988a. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987,
Volume 1 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report
on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1988b. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987,
Volume 2 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report
on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1988c. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987,
Volume 3 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report
on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1990a. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information,
item 1, wintering bald eagle survey final report, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James
River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1990b. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information,
item 2, HEP analysis and wildlife mitigation plan, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James
River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1990c. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information,
item 1, 1989 fish studies, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished
report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Hosey and Associates. 1990d. Distribution and composition of sediments stored in Lake Aldwell
and Lake Mills and sediment transport characteristics. Elwha Project and Glines Project,
James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles,
WA.
Johnson, P. 1997. Historic assessment of Elwha River fisheries, Olympic National Park, Port
Angeles, Washington. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles,
WA.
Lane and Lane Associates. 1990. The conflict between Indian terminal fisheries and hydropower on
the Elwha River. Prepared for the Elwha Klallam Tribe, Lower Elwha Indian Reservation,
Washington. Unpublished report on file at Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA.
Elwha River Bibliography 19 | P a g e
Loomis, J., 1996. Measuring the economic benefits of removing dams and restoring the Elwha
River: results of a contingent valuation survey. Water Resources Research 32:441-447.
Mausolf, R. G. 1975. Progress report on evaluation of Kamloops trout plants in Lake Mills, Olympic
National Park. Olympic National Park Natural Science Study, reprint File No. 1171.
Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Meyer, P. A., R. Lichtkoppler, R. B.Hamilton, C. L. Borda, D. A. Harpman, and P. M. Engle. 1995.
Elwha River Restoration Project: Economic Analysis. A report to the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, the National Park Service, and Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Meyer Resources,
Inc., Davis, CA. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Morrill, D. C., and M. L. McHenry. 1995. 1994 Elwha River fish community study. Lower Elwha
Klallam Tribe Draft Technical Report, Port Angeles, Washington. Unpublished report on
file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
NPS (National Park Service). 2001. Director’s Order #12: Conservation Planning, Environmental
Impact Analysis, and Decision-making. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National
Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Peters, R. J. 1996. Emigration of juvenile chum salmon in the Elwha River and implications for
timing hatchery coho salmon releases. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the US FWS
Western Fishery Resource Office, Olympia, WA.
Phelps, S. R., J. M. Hiss, and R. J. Peters. 2001. Genetic relationships of Elwha River Oncorhynchus
mykiss to hatchery-origin rainbow trout and Washington steelhead. Prepared for Olympic
National Park by WDFW and USFWS, USFWS Western Washington Office, Lacey, WA.
Randle, T.J., C.A. Young, J.T. Melena, and E.M. Ouellette. 1996. Sediment analysis and modeling of
the river erosion alternative. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-9. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO and Pacific
Northwest Regional Office, Biose, ID.
Randle, T.J., J. Bountry, and G. Smille. 2012. Technical basis for Elwha restoration adaptive
sediment management and monitoring plan. Report number SRH-2012-10, Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO.
Randle, T.J., J. Bountry, and G. Smille. 2012. Elwha River restoration: sediment adaptive
management summary. Report number SRH-2012-09, Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO.
Schoeneman, D. E., and C. O. Junge. 1954. Investigation of mortalities to downstream migrant
salmon at two dams on the Elwha River. Washington Department of Fisheries Research
Bulletin No. 3, Olympia, WA.
Schreiner, E., and B. Winter. 2004. Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem biological research
and monitoring questions: A workshop. March 18-19, 2003.
Elwha River Bibliography 20 | P a g e
Seavey, F. and G. Ging. 1995. Marine resources of the Elwha River Estuary: Clallam County,
Washington. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Washingtion Office.
Stendal, A. G., and R. G. Engman. 1973. Preliminary analysis of game fish and wildlife resources of
Elwha River drainage affected by Elwha and Glines dams and preliminary proposals for
compensation of project related losses. Environmental Management Division, Washington
Department of Game, Olympia, WA.
Stolnak, S., R.J. Naiman, and S.A. Harrington (compilers). 2005. Elwha research planning workshop,
February 14-15, 2001: Summary Report. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
URS. 2001. Lower Elwha River groundwater resource evaluation, Port Angeles, Washington.
Prepared for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. Unpublished report on file at
Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA.
Walters, K. L., W. L. Haushild, and L. M. Nelson. 1979. Water resources of the Lower Elwha Indian
Reservation, Washington. Water Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 79-82. U.S.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA.
Wampler, P. L., R. F. McVein, J. M. Hiss, and R. C. Wunderlich. 1985. A review of and proposed
solution to the problem of migrant salmonid passage by the Elwha River dams. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Ward L, Crain P, Freymond B, McHenry M, Morrill D, Pess GR, Peters R, Shaffer JA, Winter B,
Wunderlich B (2008) Elwha River Fish Restoration Plan, developed pursuant to the Elwha
River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act, Public Law 102–495. U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo., NMFS-NWFSC-90, p. 168
WDF (Washington Department of Fisheries). 1971. Elwha River fisheries studies. Crown Zellerbach
Corporation Contract No. 0313. Washington Department of Fisheries Management and
Research Division, Olympia, WA.
WDG (Washington Department of Game). 1973. Preliminary analysis of game fish and wildlife
resources of Elwha River drainage affected by Elwha and Glines dams and preliminary
proposals for compensation of project related losses. Washington Department of Game,
Olympia, WA.
Winter, B. D. 1989. Elwha River Adult Steelhead Tagging and Catch Monitoring Project – Final
Report. Technical Report TR-89-4. Point No Point Treaty Council, Kingston, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C. 1983. A preliminary assessment of juvenile salmon mortality through the Elwha
River dams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C. 1988. Juvenile coho salmon passage at the Elwha River dams: a comparison of
short- and long-term survival estimates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance
Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C. 1993. Adult return of fingerling coho salmon outplanted in the upper Elwha
River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Elwha River Bibliography 21 | P a g e
Wunderlich, R., C. Pantaleo, and R. Wiswell. 1994. Elwha River chum salmon surveys: 1993-94. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R., and C. Pantaleo. 1995. A review of methods to re-introduce anadromous fish in the
Elwha River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C., S. R. Hager, and the Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe Fisheries Office. 1993. Elwha
River spring Chinook stock status evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries
Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1985. An assessment of juvenile coho passage mortality at the Elwha
River dams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1986. Field tests of data collection procedures for the Elwha salmonid
survival model. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1990. Chinook and coho emigration in the Elwha River, Washington.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C., S. J. Dilley, and E. E, Knudsen. 1989. Timing, exit selection, and survival of
steelhead and coho smolts at Glines Canyon Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries
Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.
Wunderlich, R. C., D. A. Zajac, and J. H. Meyer. 1988. Evaluation of steelhead smolt survival
through the Elwha Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office,
Olympia, WA.
Books Brown, B. 1982. Mountain in the Clouds. Simon and Schuster, New York.
Mapes, L. 2013. Elwha: A River Reborn. Mountaineers Books, Seattle, WA.
Crain, J. 2011. Finding the River: An Environmental History of the Elwha. Oregon State University
Press, Corvallis.
Other reports and articles Bauman, J.M., and J. Kardouni. 2018. Elwha River restoration: tribal voices matter in the restoration
of natural resources. Reclamation Matters 2:23-29.
Bellmore, J.R., J.J. Duda, L.S. Craig, S.L. Greene, C.E. Torgersen, M.J. Collins, and K. Vittum. 2016.
Status and trends of dam removal research in the United States. WIREs Water
DOI:10.1002/wat2.1164.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wat2.1164/fullhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wat2.1164/full
Elwha River Bibliography 22 | P a g e
Bellmore, J.R., G.R. Pess, J.J. Duda, J. O’Connor, A.E. East, M.M. Foley, A. Wilcox, J. Major, P.
Shafroth, S.A. Morley, C. Magirl, C. Anderson, J. Evans, C.E. Torgersen, and L.S. Craig.
2019. Conceptualizing ecological responses to dam removal: if you remove it, what’s to
come? Bioscience 69:26-39.
Duda, J.J., J. Anderson, M. Beirne, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, J. Mahan, M. McHenry, G. Pess, R.
Peters, and B. Winter. 2019. Complexities, historical context, and emerging information
about the Elwha River dam removal project. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
17:10-11.
Foley, M.M., J.R. Bellmore, J.E. O’Connor, J.J. Duda, A.E. East, G.E. Grant, C.W. Anderson, J.A.
Bountry, M.J. Colllins, P.J. Connolly, L.S. Craig, J.E. Evans, S.L. Greene, F.J. Magilligan, C.S.
Magirl, J.J. Major, G.R. Pess, T.J. Randle, P.B. Shafroth, C.E. Torgersen, D. Tullos, and A.C.
Wilcox. 2017. Dam removal: Listening in. Water Resources Research 53:5229-5246.
DOI:10.1002/2017WR020457.
Logan, J., 2012, New Video Shows a Virtual Fly-Through Along the Lower Elwha River,
Washington, Using Recently Acquired Ground-Based Lidar Data: U. S. Geological Survey
Sound Waves, Mar/Apr. 2012.
Miller, I.M., 2015. Natural nourishment to address shoreline erosion: The Elwha River
example. AEG News 58(4):20-23.
O’Connor, J.E., J.J. Duda, and G.E. Grant. 2015. 1000 dams down and counting. Science 348
(6234):496-497. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9204
Pess, G.R., S.J. Brenkman, G.A. Winans, M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and J.J. Duda. 2010. The
Elwha River dam removal: a major opportunity for salmon recolonization. The Osprey 65:1-
8.
Sadin, P., and D. Vogel. 2011. An interpretive history of the Elwha River Valley and the legacy of
hydropower on Washingon’s Olympic Peninsula. Technical Report, Historical Research
Associates, Seattle, WA submitted to National Park Service.
Shafroth, P.B., J.M. Friedman, G.T. Auble, M.L. Scott, and J.H. Braatne. 2002. Potential responses
of riparian vegetation to dam removal. BioScience 52:703-712.
Tullos D.D., M.J. Collins, J.R. Bellmore, J.A. Bountry, P.J. Connolly, P.B. Shafroth, A.C. Wilcox.
2016. Synthesis of common management concerns associated with dam removal. Journal of
the American Water Resources Association 52:1179-206.
Welty, E.Z., Torgersen, C.E., Brenkman, S.J., Duda, J.J. and Armstrong, J.B., 2015. Multiscale
analysis of river networks using the R package linbin. North American Journal of Fisheries
Management 35:802-809.
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Elwha River Bibliography 23 | P a g e
Selected media coverage
Seattle Times — Elwha: Roaring back to life; At Elwha River, forests, fish and flowers where there were
dams and lakes.
National Geographic — World’s largest dam removal unleashes U.S. River after century of electric
production
Science News — Dam demolition lets the Elwha River run free
Nature — Dam removals: rivers on the run
Peninsula Daily News —VIDEO: Scientists optimistic about return of Chinook to Elwha River; Leader of
revegetation effort revels in growth on the Elwha River; Fish recolonizing areas upriver of former
dam sites on Elwha River.
UW— News How the Elwha dam removals changed the river’s mouth.
The Revelator— The Elwha’s living laboratory: lessons from the world’s largest dam-removal project.
Selected information websites
National Park Service — Elwha River Restoration
Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe — Elwha River Restoration
U.S. Geological Survey — Science to support the Elwha River restoration project; USGS 12045500
Elwha River at McDonald Br gage; USGS 12046260 Elwha River at Diversion gage
Selected documentary and media videos
National Park Service — Elwha River Restoration; Restoration of the Elwha Begins; The River Emerges;
Undammed; Wonders unveiled
Science News — A river unleashed
Quest — A river returns
USGS — Deconstructing dams: a sediment story
EarthFix — Undamming the Elwha, the documentary
John Gussman and Jessica Plumb — Return of the River
Smithsonian.com — The restoration of the Elwha River
http://projects.seattletimes.com/2016/elwha/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/at-elwha-river-forests-fish-and-flowers-where-there-were-dams-and-lakes/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/at-elwha-river-forests-fish-and-flowers-where-there-were-dams-and-lakes/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/08/140826-elwha-river-dam-removal-salmon-science-olympic/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/08/140826-elwha-river-dam-removal-salmon-science-olympic/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dam-demolition-lets-elwha-river-run-freehttp://www.nature.com/news/dam-removals-rivers-on-the-run-1.15636http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/scientists-optimistic-about-return-of-chinook-to-elwha/http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/leader-of-revegetation-effort-revels-in-growth-on-the-elwha-river/http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/leader-of-revegetation-effort-revels-in-growth-on-the-elwha-river/http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/fish-recolonizing-areas-upriver-of-former-dam-sites-on-elwha-river/http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/fish-recolonizing-areas-upriver-of-former-dam-sites-on-elwha-river/https://www.washington.edu/news/2018/01/18/how-the-elwha-dam-removals-changed-the-rivers-mouth/https://therevelator.org/elwha-dam-removal/https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htmhttp://www.elwha.org/elwhariverrestoration.htmlhttp://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/elwha/index.htmlhttps://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?12045500https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?12045500https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=12046260https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=FD6764AB-FB65-DB8A-5777A01401066473https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=008EC1B1-CF50-33C1-0B34B25C21545351https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=00A250FE-08DE-F3AE-59D76CBC0BEA2D12https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=B5FF6184-C3E3-8248-24A4A396F8F46759https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=D6FD497E-9D91-30E5-B9A9275E2E76179Chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V03-ezOV0hI&feature=youtu.behttp://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/23/a-river-returns/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLuKwzEVOeEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yM5m5-1-I0http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3436066/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/videos/category/history/the-restoration-of-the-elwha-river/
Elwha River Bibliography 24 | P a g e
Nautilus — How the Elwha River was saved
http://tlas.nautil.us/video/291/how-the-elwha-river-was-saved