Post on 07-Apr-2018
transcript
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
1/78
Gametogenesis
Testis
structure - seminiferous tubules
lining epitheliumgerminal epithelium
- Sertoli cells
- basal lamina
parenchymaspermatogenic cells
specific subtypepseudostratified
columnar epithelium
subtypesimple, single layer
fundamental type - epithelialstromaspecific subtype
loose connective tissuebetween
seminiferous tubules
- subtypeconnective tissue proper,
fibrous/collageneous, regular- parenchymafibroblast
- interstitial cell of Leydig
secrete testosterone
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
2/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
3/78
Cells of the lining epithelium - under the influence oftestosterone
spermatogonia 2n, diploid
Type Apale staining nucleus
mitotically activepuberty
Type Bdark nulcei
mitotically inactive
precursor of type A
primary spermatocyte 4n, tetraploid
secondary spermatocytes 2n, haploid
spermatids 1n, haploidspermatozoa 1n, haploid
Sertoli cellssythesize ABP2n diploid
secrete inhibininhibit FSH synthesis and
release
secrete fluidtransport of sperm cellsunder the influence of FSHanterior pituitary
promote the synthesis of ABP
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
4/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
5/78
Ductus epididymisextratesticular genital duct
lining epitheliumspecific subtype - pseudostratified
columnar epithelium with stereocilia
long modified microvilli
- basal lamina
- subtypesimple, single layer
- fundamental typeepithelial tissue
- specialized membrane structure
stereocilia
- under the influence of testosterone
principal cellstall columnar with stereocilia- reabsorb and phagocytize residual
bodies not removed by sertoli
- secretoryglycerophocphocholine
androgen
basal cellsstem cellsmuscle coatinner circular and outer longitudinal smooth
muscles
- peristalsis
- specific subtypesmooth muscle
- subtypemuscle- fundamentalmuscle tissue
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
6/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
7/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
8/78
Ovary
coveringmesothelium of peritoneum
compartment/layer
cortexprimary oocyte-containing ovarian follicle
stromafibrous connective tissue
medullablood vessels
loose connective tissue
no ovarian follicle
Ovarian follicleprimary oocytearrested in prophase,
first meiotic division
- surrounding epitheliumfollicular cellswith basal lamina
primordial folliclesimple squamous
primary follicle
unilaminar - simple cuboidal
multilaminar -stratified cuboidal - granulosa cellszona pellucida - glycoprotein
stromatheca internacellular layer
theca externafibrous layer
not dependent to FSH
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
9/78
secondary follicle - fluid-filled spacecoalase - antrum
dependent to FSHstimulategranulosa
cells to convert androgen to estrogen and
manufacture LH receptors
- theca internasythesize androgen
tertiary folliclemature graffian folliclegranulosacumulus oophorus
corona radiata
LH surge
completion of first meiosis just prior to ovulation
ovulation occurs
release of secondary oocytes from mature graffian follicle
trasnform into secondary oocytesarrested at
first polar body metaphase second meiosis
- free in the peritoneal cavity
- cumulus oophorus
- corona radiata- zona pellucida
remaining granulosa cells and thecacorpus luteum of pregnancy
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
10/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
11/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
12/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
13/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
14/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
15/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
16/78
C l t
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
17/78
Corpus luteum
granulosa lutein cellsperipherally located
synthesize most of progesterone
theca lutein cellscentrally located
synthesize progesterone
progesterone
prepares and maintain endometrium
for implantation
primary oocyte - 4n, tetraploid
- arrested at prophase, diplotene stagefirst meiotic division
- complete prior to ovulation, before it is
release from the mature graffian follicle
secondary oocyte - 2n, haploid (two chromatis)
- arrested at metaphase, secondmeiotic division
- first polar body
- completed during fertilization
occurs in the fallopian tube - ampulla
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
18/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
19/78
stim l s for the completion of second meoisis
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
20/78
stimulus for the completion of second meoisis
1. sperm penetrate corona radiata and zona pellucida
2. plasma membrane of sperm and oocyte fuse
products of second meiotic division
Ovum - 1n, haploid ( one chromatid)second polar body
Fallopian tube
mucosa
lining epitheliumspecific subtype - simple columnar ciliated
( transport ) and secretory/peg cell
( nutrient-rich medium)
subtypesimple, single layer
fundamental - epitheliallamina propialoose connective tissue
muscularis - inner and outer layers of smooth muscle
rhythmic contraction
serosamesothliumsimple squamopus epithelium
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
21/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
22/78
Uterus
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
23/78
Uterus
layer - endometrium
sublayerfunctional layer
under the influence of estrogen and
progesterone
spiral arteriesbasal layer
cyclic regeneration
mucosa
lining epitheliumspecific subtype
simple columnar ciliated- basal lamina, type IV collagen
endometrial glandssimple columnar
endomatrial stromastromal cells
Functional layer
estrogen effectsproliferative phaseglands and mucosa proliferate
progesterone effectspredecidua
secretory glands - glycogen
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
24/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
25/78
Blastocyts
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
26/78
Blastocyts
formed in the fallopian tubeampulla
from morula
with zona pellucidadissolution allowsimplantation to
occur
cellsblastomere - 2n, diploidblastocoelecavity - become yolk sac
inner cell mass ---- embryo - fetus
epiblast
hypoblast
amnionouter cell masstrophoblast - placenta
cytotrophoblastaround the
blastocoele and inner cell mass
divide and fuse to formsyncytitrophoblastouter , around the remaining
cytotorphoblast
Placenta - hemchorial placenta maternal blood directly
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
27/78
Placenta - hemchorial placentamaternal blood directly
bathes the chorionic surface
1. membrane
amnionamniotic cavity
- anlageepiblast (floor of amniotic cavity)
- simple cuboidal epitheliumchorionanlage - extraembryonic mesoderm
fused with amnion
2. chorionic plate
anlageextraembryonic mesoderm
anchoring chorionic villi - give rise to branch villiproject into the intervillous space
free or floating chorionic villi
fetal surface
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
28/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
29/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
30/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
31/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
32/78
3rd trimester placenta/mature placenta/ term placenta
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
33/78
3 t este p ace ta/ atu e p ace ta/ te p ace ta
tertiary villi - interconnect umbilical arteries and vein
surface epithelium - syncytiotrophoblast
fused cytotrophoblast mutinulceated
arrangement - syncytium
secreteHCG, progesterone andlactogen
stroma - loose connective tissuemesenchymal
extraembryonic mesoderm
capillariesderived from fetal blood vessels
fetal blood
4. intervillous spacesanlagelacunae
contentsmaternal blood and floating villi
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
34/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
35/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
36/78
3. umbilical cord
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
37/78
anlageconnecting stalk
Whartons jellyloose connective tissue
- rich in Hyaluronic acid
- rubbery, gelatinous characterunlikely that
twist or turns will result in constrictions ofthe vessels
umbilical arteriesinternal iliac artery, superior
vesical aretries and medial
umbilical ligaments
- deoxygenated blood from fetus
umbilical veinligamentum teres- oxygenated blood from the placenta to the
fetus
- drain the placenta
allantoisdiverticulum of yolk sac
fateurachus - band of fibrotic connective tissue
attaches the bladder to the umbilicus
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
38/78
5. Decidua
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
39/78
maternal surface
feeding vesselmaternal spiral arteries
aprenchymadecidual cells
endometrial stromatransformed by progesterone
anlagepredeciduaFunctions
limit the invasiveness of syncytiotrophoblast
preventing materna immunologic recognition
secrete nutrients
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
40/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
41/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
42/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
43/78
Development of Musculoskeletal System
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
44/78
intraembronic mesoderm
somites
sclerotome
vertebral column
ribssternum
skull
associated connective tissue
dermatomyotome
dermis and skeletal muscleintermediate mesoderm
lateral mesoderm
somatic mesoderm
body musculature
limbsplanchnic mesoderm
visceral organs - smooth muscle, connective
tissues
notochordnucleus pulposus
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
45/78
Development of skin
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
46/78
surface ectoderm
epidermis
hair budanlage of hair follicle
sebaceous glandsanlage hair bud
secretion sebumepithelial cord of cellsanlage of sweat glands
dermatome
papillary layerloose connective tissue
reticular layerdense irregular connective tissue
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
47/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
48/78
Development of the Respiratory System
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
49/78
Nasal cavities
nasal placode ( ectodermal thickening ) - anlage
invaginate into the
nasal swellingmesenchyme
formingNasal pit
Respiratory diverticulum - anlage of trachea bronchus,bronchioles and lungs
- derived from foregut
- tracheo-esophageal septum
completely separate it from
developing esophagus
endoderm - lining epithelium and serous mucous
glands, pneumocytes I and II
splanchnic mesoderm - connective tissue, smooth
muscle, cartilage, BVs and lymphatics
alveoli
Pericardioperitoneal canalsanlage of pleural cavities
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
50/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
51/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
52/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
53/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
54/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
55/78
Glandular stagerespiratory diverticulum to 4th month of
development
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
56/78
Development of the Cardiovascular Systemmesechyme (surrounding the blood islands)
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
57/78
mesechyme (surrounding the blood islands)
differentiate into endothelial cells
vesicular sacs
fuse --------- primitive blood vessels
endocardial heart tubeanlage of heart- endothelial cellsdifferentiate
into endocardium
myoepicardial mantleanlage of myocardium and
epicardium
- splanchnic mesodermbetween heart tube and mantlecardiac jelly
endocardial cushion
Heart
conduct blood to the aortic arches
drain into the dorsal aorta
descending aorta
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
58/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
59/78
Primitive heartthree major vessels empty into sinus venosusvitelline vein
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
60/78
vitelline vein
umbilical vein
common cardinal vein
drain the head and neck - superior vena cava
bodysubcardinal veinanalageposterior cardinal vein
later form
left renal
gonadal
supra renalinferior vena cava bet renal vein and the
liver
vitelline veinsanlage of
liver sinusoidsanlage - left vitteline vein
hepatic vein
portal veinanlage - left vitteline vein
posthepatic IVCanlage - right vitelline vein
Umbilical veinanlage of hepatic sinusoids
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
61/78
anlage of hepatic sinusoids
Ductus venosuscoalescence of hepatic sinusoids
- anlage - vitelline vein and umbilical vein
- receive oxygenated blood from the umbilicalvein
Fate of
umbilical veinligamentum teres hepatisstreak of
connective tissueductus venosusligamentum venosumband of
connective tissue
umbilical arteriesmedial umbilical ligaments
branches of umbilical arteriespersistblood supply to
Urinary bladder
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VENOUS SYSTEM
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
62/78
O O OUS S S
develops from the vitelline, umbilical, and cardinal veins that empty into the
sinus venosus.
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
63/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
64/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
65/78
Development of the Digestive Systemprimitive gut anlage part of yolk sac
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
66/78
primitive gut anlage part of yolk sac
foregutceliac artery
midgut - superior mesenteric artery
hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery
yolk sac endodermlining epithelium and the glands
splanchnic mesoderm
lamina propia - loose connective tissue
submucosadense irregular
muscularis - smooth msucleserosamesothelium
neural crest
Myenteric plexus and Meissners plexus
Foregut diverticula anlage of
liver diverticulumliver
biliary apparatus
hepatic duct, CBD, GB
dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds - pancreas
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
67/78
Esophagusskeletal muscle in the muscularis externa derived from
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
68/78
skeletal muscle in the muscularis externa derived from
pharyngeal arch mesenchyme
smooth muscle in the muscularis externasplanchnic
mesodermStomach
fusifrom dilatation of foregutanlage
suspended by dorsal and ventral mesogastrium
Proximal duodenum
anlagecaudal portion of foregut and cranial portion of
midgutjunction of foregut and midgut
entrance of CBD into the duodenum
Liver and Biliary apparatus
liver diverticulumanlage
hepatic cords
intrabiliary ducts
epithelial ling of the bilary apparatus - hepatic duct and
GB
splanchnic mesodremglissons capsule, reticular stroma
smooth muscle of the biliary apparatus
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
69/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
70/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
71/78
Pancreasanlagedorsal and ventral pancreatic buds
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
72/78
g p
ventral pancreatic bud
main pancreatic duct
uncinate process
head, inferior portiondorsal pancreatic bud
accessory pancreatic duct
rest of the pancreasbody and tail
endodermally derived
cells of islet of Langerhanalpha and beta cellspancreatic acinar cells
lining epithelium of the intra and extra pancreatic
ducts
Midgut
herniation - segments project into the extraembryonic
coelom surrounded by components of umbilical cord
intestinal loopssegments distal to bile duct to
proximal two third of the transverse colon
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
73/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
74/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
75/78
Hindgutdistal one third to proctodeum
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
76/78
p
cloacaexpansion at most caudal extent
anlage of rectum and anus
lining epitheliumendoderm
connective tissue and musclessplanchnic mesoderm
divide by urorectal septum into
rectum
anal canal
urogenital sinus
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
77/78
8/3/2019 Embryo, Review, Slides
78/78