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Emergence Urban Water Supply — Challenges and
Experiences
Wenjun Liu, Associate ProfessorTsinghua University
13/9, 2006
Main Contents
Experiences from Tanshan earthquake
Recent emergence water supply cases
Preparation for emergency water supply Protocols
Tanshan Earthquake
28/7/1976 Dead: 242,769 22 of 38 wells destroyed
9 of 38 wells severely damaged 204 km pipeline damaged No source water, no water supply
Severe sanitation problems, Tanshan Earthquake
E. coli exceeded the standards ten, hundred and thousand times
No enough disinfection Outbreak of diarrhea, dysentery and other
enteric diseases 3 to 7 days reached to the peak of cases
Emergence water supply and recover to normal, Tanshan Earthquake
Pipeline recovering: (fire hose pipe), steel pipe Close branch pipe Supply water by main pipe Supply water recovered gradually and scatteredly By 10/10, 1976, whole city was back to normal water
supply
Experiences, Tanshan Earthquake
Seek new water sources Disinfection Supply water by water truck Supply water recovered gradually and scatter
edly Repair water supply facilities rapidly
Recent Emergence Water Supply Cases
Songhuajiang River, Harbin city (Nitrobenzene, 11/2005)
North River (Cd pollution) (12/2006) Yiluo Branch of Yellow River (Oil, 1/2
006) Taihu (Algae Pollution, 8/2006) ….
Harbin City Emergence Water Supply
blast of chemical factory Interruption of water
supply 4 days Nitrobenzene, benzene
….
Jilin
Songyuan
Harbin
Harbin City Emergence Water Supply
Temporary drinking water delivery Bottled water Water Tank Well drilling
Research on the best process ofr removal of Nitrobenzene
Engineering and equipment preparation and implementation
Organization and logistics
Harbin Emergence Water Supply
Powered activated carbon Adjust dosing point to
significantly increase contact time
Retrofit sand filtration to Carbon-sand filtration
Harbin Emergence Water Supply
Successfully recover regular water supply prior to the expected time
Nitrobenzene much below the limited
No secondary pollution occurred
National-wide response to handle emergence water sullpy
Organization Sepa, MOC, MOH…
Technical Manual National level City level Industry level
Engineering and Implementation
Water Safety and Water Security
Natural Occurred disastersEarthquake, volcano, hurricane, Tsunami…
InadvertentlyChemical blast, traffic accidents…
Intently Terrorism…
Understanding the importance of water safety and security
Improve the standards of source water and drinking water security
Use of advanced water treatment processes
Maintain water security in distribution systems
Fully protection of source water
Extend the protection area of source water
Enhance monitoring source water quality
Prepare multiple source water
Build up early-warning system
Technical manual for emergence water supply
Determine and understand the susceptible factor of urban water supply system
Establish recognition and categorization system of accidents
Prepare technical manual for local emergence water supply
Establish expert bank
Possible solutions
Choose extra water sources Use multi-water sources and
water treatment plants Protect water treatment
systems Prepare facility for emergence
water supply Store materials for
emergence water supply Train personnel for
emergence water supply
Special water quality system for emergence water supply
Decrease water quality limits
Reduce water parameters Use rapid analysis
methods
Case introduction-Dongguan’s experience
Municipal level emergence water supply protocols
Organizations Technical manual Engineering implementation
Dongguan’s Emergence Dongguan’s Emergence water supply protocolswater supply protocols
Organization and management
Technical manualEngineering
implementation
Leadship andOn-site
management
Decision making
and communication
General information
Removal options
Water sourceand WTPs interaction
execution of
decisions
Technical manualparameters
《 drinking water standards》( GB5749-2006) 98 items
Water quality for urban water supply》( CJ/T206-2005) 5 items
《 Standards for source water》(GB3838-2002) 32items
Contents of the manual
General information Property in environment toxicity Comparison of different
standards Proposed best removal
technology
Thanks and questions?