description
Endangered animals
transcript
- 1. Endangered Animals:
Indian Rhinoceros
Done by:
Transbuggies
Alan, Danish, Kai Wen, Rusydah
- 2. Introduction Danish Hakim
The Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is also called Greater
One-horned Rhinoceros and Asian One-horned Rhinoceros and belongs
to the Rhinocerotidae family.
- 3. Description Rusydah, Alan, Kai wen
In size, one-horned rhinos are equal to the African white rhinos;
together they are the largest of all rhino species. Fully grown
males are larger than females, weighing from 2,200 to 3,000 kg
(4,900 to 6,600 lb). Female one-horned rhinos weigh about 1,600 kg
(3,500 lb). They are from 1.7 to 2 m (5 ft 7 in to 6 ft 7 in) tall
and can be up to 4 m (13 ft) long. The record-sized specimen
weighed approximately 3,500 kg (7,700 lb).
The Indian rhino's single horn is present in both males and
females, but not on newborn young. The black horn, like human
fingernails, is pure keratin and starts to show after about 6
years. In most adults, the horn reaches a length of about 25 cm
(9.8 in), but has been recorded up to 57.2 cm (22.5 in) in length.
The nasal horn curves backwards from the nose. In captive animals,
the horn is frequently worn down to a thick knob.
This rhinoceros has thick, silver-brown skin which becomes pinkish
near the large skin folds that cover its body. Males develop thick
neck-folds. Its upper legs and shoulders are covered in wart-like
bumps. It has very little body hair, aside from eyelashes,
ear-fringes and tail-brush.
- 4. Habitat Alan
This huge rhinoceros is found in the Terai at the foot of the
Himalayas, from Bhotan to Nepal. It is more common in the eastern
portion of the Terai than the west, and is most abundant in Assam
and the BhotanDooars. I have heard from sportsmen of its occurrence
as far west as Rohilcund, but it is certainly rare there now, and
indeed along the greater part of the Nepal Terai; ... Jelpigoree, a
small military station near the Teesta River, was a favourite
locality whence to hunt the Rhinoceros and it was from that station
Captain Fortescue, of the late 73rd N.I., got his skulls, which
were, strange to say, the first that Mr. Blyth had seen of this
species, of which there were no specimens in the Museum of the
Asiatic Society at the time when he wrote his Memoir on this group.
The Indian rhinoceros once ranged throughout the entire stretch of
the Indo-Gangetic Plain but excessive hunting reduced their natural
habitat drastically. Today, about 3,000 rhinos live in the wild,
2,000 of which are found in India's Assam alone.
- 5. Behaviour Kai wen
Rhinos are mostly solitary creatures, with the exception of mothers
and calves and breeding pairs, although they sometimes congregate
at bathing areas. They have home ranges, the home ranges of males
being usually 2 to 8 km2 (0.77 to 3.1 sq mi) large and overlapping
each other. Dominant males tolerate males passing through their
territory except when they are in mating season, when dangerous
fights break out. They are active at night and early morning. They
spend the middle of the day wallowing in lakes, rivers, ponds, and
puddles to cool down. They are very good swimmers.
- 6. Diet Danish, Rusydah
Their diet consists almost entirely of grasses, but the rhino is
also known to eat leaves, branches of shrubs and trees, fruits and
submerged and floating aquatic plants.
Feeding occurs during the morning and evening. The rhino uses its
prehensile lip to grasp grass stems, bend the stem down, bite off
the top, and then eat the grass. With very tall grasses or
saplings, the rhino will often walk over the plant, with its legs
on both sides, using the weight of its body to push the end of the
plant down to the level of the mouth. Mothers also use this
technique to make food edible for their calves. They drink for a
minute or two at a time, often imbibing water filled with
rhinoceros urine.
- 7. ReproductionRusydah
In zoos, females may breed as young as four, but in the wild
females are usually six before breeding begins. The higher age in
the wild may reflect that females need to be large enough to avoid
being killed by the aggressive males. The Indian rhinoceros has a
very lengthy gestation period of around 15.7 months. The interval
between births ranges from 3451 months. In captivity, males may
breed at five years. But in the wild, dominant males do the
breeding and rhinos do not attain dominance until they are older
and larger. In one five-year field study, only one rhino who
achieved mating success was estimated to be younger than
15.
- 8. Threats Transbuggies
Poaching for rhinoceros horn became the single most important
reason for the decline of the Indian rhino after conservation
measures were put in place from the beginning of the 20th century,
when legal hunting ended. From 1980 to 1993, 692 rhinos were
poached in India. In India's Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary 41 rhinos
were killed in 1983, virtually the entire population of the
sanctuary. By the mid-1990s, poaching had rendered the species
extinct there.
In 1950, Chitwans forest and grasslands extended over more than
2,600 km2 (1,000 sq mi) and were home to about 800 rhinos. When
poor farmers from the mid-hills moved to the Chitwan Valley in
search of arable land, the area was subsequently opened for
settlement, and poaching of wildlife became rampant. The Chitwan
population has repeatedly been jeopardized by poaching: in 2002
alone, poachers have killed 37 animals cruelly in order to saw off
and sell their valuable horns.
There are six recorded ways of killing rhinos:
Shooting is by far the most common method used; rhino horn traders
hire sharpshooters and often supply them with rifles and
ammunition.
Trapping in a pit depends largely on the terrain and availability
of grass to cover it; pits are dug out in such a way that a fallen
animal has little room to manoeuvre with its head slightly above
the pit, so that it is easy to saw off the horn.
Electrocuting is used where high voltage powerlines pass through or
near a protected area, to which poachers hook a long insulated rod
connected to a wire, which is suspended above a rhino path.
Poisoning by smearing zinc-phosphide rat poison or pesticides on
salt licks frequently used by rhinos.
Spearing has only been recorded in Chitwan National Park.
With a noose, which cuts through the rhino's skin and kills it by
strangulation.
- 9. Videos
- 10. Videos: Indian rhinoceroses cooling themselves in
water
- 11. Videos: Indian rhinoceros calf
- 12. Quiz
Quiz
Quiz
Quiz
Quiz
- 13. Quiz
1. The Indian Rhino is also called the _______________.
Asian One-horned Rhinoceros
Northen Two horned rhino
Greater two-horned rhinoceros
- 14. Quiz
2. Where is the Indian Rhino found at?
Singapore
Terai
mexico
- 15. Quiz
3. At which age(youngest) will the rhino breed?
5
4
6
- 16. Credits
Text:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rhinoceros
www.flamingtext.com
Images
http://www.google.com.sg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/wildlife/rhinos/graphics/rhinoindiananat.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/wildlife/rhinos/rhino_indian.html&usg=__oSyOXiUbAazewR8fCGOxrh6j5nk=&h=228&w=419&sz=33&hl=en&start=61&sig2=SyS-LFenzxV1Cudnxo6WMw&zoom=1&tbnid=S7TIs-6Tr9PDRM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=125&ei=RygcTt-TJ4HksQO3xaWvBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dindian%2Brhinoceros%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26nord%3D1%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D681%26site%3Dwebhp%26tbm%3Disch%26prmd%3Divns&itbs=1
http://www.google.com.sg/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rhinoceros_unicornis_-Buffalo_Zoo-8.jpg/800px-Rhinoceros_unicornis_-Buffalo_Zoo-8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bukisa.com/articles/41392_best-in-defense-unique-armored-creatures&usg=__1bTgNh3_Ra-GAnHUzk6qcWwOj9g=&h=533&w=800&sz=113&hl=en&start=32&sig2=wR5Kd05uTZxjt0UlIjepxg&zoom=1&tbnid=FFxvLy7tn5LLDM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&ei=OigcTqSrFZS0sAO8xtySBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dindian%2Brhinoceros%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26nord%3D1%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D681%26site%3Dwebhp%26tbm%3Disch%26prmd%3Divns&itbs=1
Videos :
http://www.arkive.org/indian-rhinoceros/rhinoceros-unicornis/video-09b.html
http://www.arkive.org/indian-rhinoceros/rhinoceros-unicornis/video-10.html