Post on 26-Dec-2015
transcript
ENERGY CONCLAVE 2006 ENERGY CONCLAVE 2006
*
By By : Shri S. Chaudhuri, : Shri S. Chaudhuri,
Chairman-cum-Managing Director, CMPDIChairman-cum-Managing Director, CMPDI
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Resource base
Enlarging Resource base
Enhancing Extractable Reserve
Indigenous Coal Supply
Energy from coal seams- Emerging Technologies
Issues on sustainable coal supply
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Resource Base
TYPE-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF TYPE-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF INDIA INDIA
AS ON 1.1.2006AS ON 1.1.2006
Coal Type Category Total
Proved(Bt)
Indicated(Bt)
Inferred
(Bt)
(Bt) (%)
Prime coking
4.6 0.7 - 5.3 2.1
Medium coking
11.4 11.8 1.9 25.1 9.9
Semi coking
0.5 1.0 0.2 1.7 0.7
Total coking
16.5 13.5 2.1 32.1 12.7
Non coking 78.9 106.2 35.2 220.3 87
Tertiary(NE)
0.5 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.4
Total 95.9(37.86%)
119.8(47.3 %)
37.7(14.84%
)
253.3
DEPTH-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF DEPTH-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF INDIA INDIA AS ON 1.1.2006AS ON 1.1.2006
Depth(m)
Proved(Bt)
Indicated
(Bt)
Inferred
(Bt)
Total(Bt) (%)
0-300 73.8 66.6 14.4 154.8 61.1300-600 6.7 41.5 17.5 65.7 25.90-600
(Jharia)13.7 0.5 - 14.2 5.6
600-1200
1.7 11.2 5.8 18.7 7.4
Total 95.87 119.86 37.67 253.3 100% 37.8 47.3 14.9 100
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL RESOURCES OF INDIA
BlocksBlocks TotalTotal % Share% Share
CILCIL 91.6991.69 36.236.2
Non-CIL (Captive)Non-CIL (Captive) 29.3529.35 11.611.6
Non-CIL (Others)Non-CIL (Others) 27.7527.75 11.011.0
Others (TISCO etc.)Others (TISCO etc.) 3.123.12 1.21.2
Un-blockedUn-blocked 83.3183.31 32.932.9
Godavari ValleyGodavari Valley 17.1417.14 6.86.8
NE RegionNE Region 0.940.94 0.40.4
TOTAL :TOTAL : 253.3253.3 100100
AS ON 1.1.2006
in billion tonnes
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Enlarging Resource base
Per Capita Proved Coal ReservePer Capita Proved Coal Reserve
Country Population
(million)
Proved reserve at the end of
2005(Bt)
Per capita proved reserve
(in tonne)
INDIA 1080 90 83
USA 296 111 375
AUSTRALIA
20 38.6 1930
RUSSIA 144 49.1 341
Source: WEC and BP Statistical Review, 2005
Enlarging Coal Resource BaseEnlarging Coal Resource Base Regional / Promotional exploration -
About 5,000 Sq. Km. yet to be covered Present rate about 2200 sq. km. area in plan period. Resource addition will be mostly in >300m depth range
Jan’96 to Jan’01 Jan,01 to Jan,06<300m 9.56Bt(80%) 19.17 Bt (48.6%)>300m 2.39Bt(20%) 20.22 Bt (51.4%)Total 11.95Bt 39.40 Bt
Thrust areas for XI plan Left out shallower region (marginal areas) Superior non-coking & coking coal deposits at depth.
Likely achievement in X Plan Regional - 1.5 lakhs m Promotional - 3.8 lakhs m
Total - 5.3 lakhs m
Detailed ExplorationDetailed Exploration
CapacityCapacity
CMPDI 1.92 lakh metre/year
SCCL 1.30 lakh metre/year
State Govt. 0.10 lakh metre/year
Outsourcing 2.50 lakh metre/year* by CMPDI
Total 5.82 lakh metre/year
* Subject to availability of agencies
0 – 300m
(81 Bt.)> 300m(76 Bt.)
Total Resources(253 Bt.)
Non-coking
(76.5 Bt.)
Indic. & Infer.(157 Bt.)
Proved(96 Bt.)
Coking
(4.5 Bt.)REST
(73.8 Bt.)
SCCL & NER
(2.8 Bt.) Inferred(13.8 Bt.)
Indicated(60 Bt.)
Inferior(42.7 Bt.)
Superior(17.2 Bt.)
*
RESOURCE STATUSRESOURCE STATUS
Indicated + Inferred( 0 – 300 m)
(73.8 Bt.)
Rest(9.0 Bt.)
In 9 Major cf(64.8 Bt.)
< 300 M(22.37Bt.)
RESOURCES TARGETTED FOR EXPLORATION(28.7Bt)
Amenable toindependent
OC Mining(10.7 Bt.)
Not amenable to independent
OC Mining(27.9 Bt.)
Constrained(10.6 Bt.)
Not available for Exploration(15.6 Bt.)
> 300 M(6.37 Bt.))
(Incl.1.3Bt coking)CIL
(8.0 Bt.)Non-CIL
(14.37 Bt.)
RESOURCE STATUS
*
Detailed Exploration in XI Plan
Drilling in Lakhs m
Capital (approx)
In Rs. Crore
Likely addition in Proved reserves
In Bt
CIL 5.0 315 8.0
Non-CIL(MoC)
17.5 1130 21
Total 22.5 1445 29.0
SCCL 6.5 N.A N.A
Likely Proved reserves at the end of XI Plan – 135 Bt.
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Enhancing Extractable Reserve
Tentative Extractable Coal Reserve
AreaGeological Resource (In Bt) AS ON
1.1.2005Extractab
le Reserve
(Bt)Proved Indicate
dInferred Total
CIL 67.71 19.42 4.56 91.69 30.03Rest 25.25 97.66 33.24 156.1
522.21
Total 92.96 117.08 37.80 247.84
52.24
Enhancing Extractable Resource Base
Needs continued up gradation on the basis of
Further proving
Improved underground mining technology
Updated economic viability
Removal of surface constraints etc
UNFC SCHEME-CLASSIFICATION OF COAL RESOURCE BASEUNFC SCHEME-CLASSIFICATION OF COAL RESOURCE BASE
ECONOMIC AXIS
(E)
FEASIBILITY AXIS
(F)
GEOLOGICAL AXIS(G)
Proved(1) Indicated(2) Inferred(3)
Economical(1)
PR Available (1) 111 112 113
Pre-feasibility study (2) 121 122 123
PR not available (3) 131 132 133
Marginally Economical
(2)
PR Available (1) 211 212 213
Pre-feasibility study (2) 221 222 223
PR not available (3) 231 232 233
Sub-Economical
(3)
PR Available (1) 311 312 313
Pre-feasibility study (2) 321 322 323
PR not available (3) 331 332 333
UNFC Type codification of Indian coal resources in the full mine / block areas :
THE UNFC SCHEMETHE UNFC SCHEME
Enhancing Extractable Enhancing Extractable ReservesReserves
Expediting detailed exploration for increasing ‘Proved’ resources.
Maximizing opencast operations
Technology up gradation for underground mine Extraction of reserves standing on pillars Extraction of reserves in thick & steep seams Addressing shortage of stowing material
Underground Coal gasification for mining low grade coal at deeper horizon
Implementation of Jharia & Raniganj Masterplan for fire & rehabilitation
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Indigenous Coal Supply
Coal Production (2005-06) (in Mt)(provisional)
CompanyCompany CokingCoking Non-cokingNon-coking TotalTotal
CILCIL 24.0424.04 319.33319.33 343.37343.37
SCCLSCCL -- 36.1436.14 36.1436.14
DVC/ DVC/ IISCO/JSMDC/JKIISCO/JSMDC/JKMLML
0.830.83 0.980.98 1.811.81
TISCOTISCO 6.516.51 0.010.01 6.526.52
MeghalayaMeghalaya -- 5.575.57 5.575.57
New Entrants New Entrants (JSPL, BECML, (JSPL, BECML, ICML, HIL, MIL, ICML, HIL, MIL, BLA, CML)BLA, CML)
0.010.01 13.5813.58 13.5913.59
All IndiaAll India 31.3931.39 375.61375.61 407.00407.00
Demand Projection of Coal by various Demand Projection of Coal by various AgenciesAgencies
(in Million Tonnes)
SourceSource Sectors/ Sectors/ PeriodPeriod
Base Base YearYear
06-0706-07 11-1211-12 16-1716-17 21-2221-22 24-2524-25
X Plan X Plan Working Working GroupGroup
PowerPower 322322 469469 617617
Captive Captive PowerPower
2828 3232 3737
SteelSteel 4343 4040 4040
OthersOthers 8080 7979 8686
TotalTotal 2001-022001-02 473473 620620 780780 981981 11261126
Coal Coal Vision Vision 2025 @ 2025 @ 8% GDP8% GDP
PowerPower 322322 427427 553553 699699 804804
Captive Captive PowerPower
2828 4444 6363 9090 112112
SteelSteel 4343 5454 6969 9090 105105
OthersOthers 8080 104104 143143 201201 246246
TotalTotal 2006-072006-07 473473 630630 828828 10791079 12671267
DEMAND OF COAL AT 8% GDP GROWTH (In Mt)
YEARIntegrated Energy Policy
Vision Coal 2025
Power
Non -Power Total Power Non -Power Total
11-12 493 164 657 471 158 629
16-17 656 221 877 616 212 828
21-22 814 299 1113 789 290 1079
24-25 1000 375 1375 916 351 1267
26-27 1133 408 1541 1018 396 1414
CAGR % 5.6 6.4 5.8 5.4 6.2 5.6
Share of coal based energy generation projected to decline from 85% in 2003-04 to
78% in 2031-32. Share of gas based energy is projected to increase to 20% from
current level of 12%.
Producing Producing CompanyCompany
XI Plan XI Plan
(2011-12)(2011-12)
XII Plan XII Plan
(2016-17)(2016-17)
XIV Plan XIV Plan
(2025)(2025)
CILCIL 536536(OC -472,UG-64)(OC -472,UG-64)
653 653 (OC -573,UG-80)(OC -573,UG-80)
839 839 (OC-715, UG-124)(OC-715, UG-124)
Coal. Equiv. Coal. Equiv. CBM-UCGCBM-UCG
-- 55 2525
SCCLSCCL 4141 4545 4747
Captive & Captive & TISCO/IISCOTISCO/IISCO
4444 7575 175175
Total Total 621621 778778 10861086
Fig. in Mt.
Indigenous Coal Supply (As per Coal Vision 2025)
Demand vis-a-vis AvailabilityDemand vis-a-vis Availability (As per Coal Vision 2025)
2016-172016-17 2024-252024-25
Domestic ProductionDomestic Production
778778 10861086Coking $(Washed Coal)Coking $(Washed Coal) 26(13)26(13) 36 (18)36 (18)Low Volatile High Rank $Low Volatile High Rank $(Washed Coal)(Washed Coal) 13(3)13(3) 13 (3)13 (3)
Non-CokingNon-Coking 734734 10121012Coal equi. of CBM/UCGCoal equi. of CBM/UCG 55 2525
Demand at 8% GDPDemand at 8% GDP TotalTotal 828828 12671267CokingCoking 6969 105105Non-cokingNon-coking 759759 11621162
Gap(-)/ Surplus(+) at 8% Gap(-)/ Surplus(+) at 8% GDPGDP
CokingCoking (-)53{40} (-)53{40} @@ (-) 84{63} (-) 84{63} @@Non-cokingNon-coking (-)20(-)20## (-) 125(-) 125
@ Equivalent quantity of Imported Coal with Ash <10% either through coking coal import/CIL overseas equity# Gap Shall be bridged with the middling from beneficiation of coking & low volatile high rank coal & by additional production from captive mines. $ Figures in brackets indicate benificiated coal with 17% ash level for use in Steel sector.
Figures in Million Tonnes
16-17 24-25
Demand-supply gap of non coking coal as per Vision Coal 2025
20 125
Demand-supply gap as per Integrated Energy Policy in 2024-25
70 235
Production from captive Sector as per Vision Coal 2025
75 175
Required Total Production by captive sector to bridge the gap in 2024-25
145 410
Augmentation of coal productionFigure in million tonnes
ALLOCATION STATUS OF COAL BLOCKSALLOCATION STATUS OF COAL BLOCKS
ParticularsParticulars Total Total No.No.
AllottedAllotted Application Application InvitedInvited
Offered to State Offered to State Govt.Govt.
Available for Available for allocationallocation
Expl.Expl. Regl. Regl. Expl.Expl. Expl.Expl. Regl. Regl.
Expl.Expl. Expl.Expl. Regl. Regl. Expl.Expl. Expl.Expl. Regl. Regl.
Expl.Expl.
CIL retained CIL retained for for productionproduction
238 238 (44.15)(44.15)
CIL Proposed CIL Proposed to be to be releasedreleased
5151(9.20)(9.20)
1 1 (0.19)(0.19)
3 3 (0.69)(0.69) -- -- -- -- 4040
(5.80)(5.80)88
(3.38) *(3.38) *
Captive Captive Blocks -CILBlocks -CIL
136 $ 136 $ (29.35)(29.35)
67 67 (7.25)(7.25)
1414(6.22)(6.22)
1717(1.94)(1.94) -- -- 2020
(5.86)(5.86)4 4
(0.91)(0.91)1313
(7.36) (7.36)
Captive Captive Blocks -SCCLBlocks -SCCL
77(0.55)(0.55)
11(0.06)(0.06) -- 33
(0.18)(0.18) -- -- -- 33(0.31)(0.31) --
Non -CILNon -CIL 109 109 (27.75)(27.75)
2 2 (0.31)(0.31)
44(2.37)(2.37) -- -- -- 88
(3.29)(3.29)2727
(4.15)(4.15)4141
(13.91)(13.91)
TotalTotal 7171(7.81)(7.81)
2121(9.28)(9.28)
2020(2.12)(2.12)
2828(9.15)(9.15)
7474(11.17)(11.17)
6262(24.65)(24.65)
Figures within bracket are Resources in Bt. * Revised resources$ Includes one block which has been dropped from captive list
Blocks allotted Fully explored Regionally explored
Total
Till 2003 No. 29 8 37
Reserves (Bt) 2.57 1.28 3.85
2004 No. 4 1 5
Reserves (Bt) 1.20 0.74 1.94
2005 No. 18 3 21
Reserves (Bt) 1.40 1.67 3.07
2006 No. 20 9 29
Reserves (Bt) 2.65 5.59 8.24
Total No. 71 21 92
Reserves (Bt) 7.82 9.28 17.10
Reserves in allotted blocks
Energy from coal seams - Emerging Technologies
CBM/CMM/AMM
CBM (Coal & Lignite) gas-in-place resource has been assessed as CBM (Coal & Lignite) gas-in-place resource has been assessed as 1.78 TCM in an area of 16,222 Sq.Km in India.1.78 TCM in an area of 16,222 Sq.Km in India.
16 CBM blocks have so far been allotted with prognosticated 16 CBM blocks have so far been allotted with prognosticated resource of 825 BCM in 7807 Sq. Km area.resource of 825 BCM in 7807 Sq. Km area.
10 CBM blocks proposed for allocation with prognosticated resource 10 CBM blocks proposed for allocation with prognosticated resource of about 600 BCM .of about 600 BCM .
CMM resource assessed for virgin coal reserves in future mining CMM resource assessed for virgin coal reserves in future mining
areas - around 150 BCM. areas - around 150 BCM.
Possibility of sizable resource of AMM exist in abandoned Possibility of sizable resource of AMM exist in abandoned
underground mines. underground mines.
Potentiality of VAM resource also exist in gassy underground active Potentiality of VAM resource also exist in gassy underground active
mines.mines.
CBM/CMM/AMM/VAM
Thrust Areas
Resource modeling & assessment of Resource modeling & assessment of CBM/CMM resources under de- stressed CBM/CMM resources under de- stressed condition of coal seamscondition of coal seams
Formulation of Bankable project report for Formulation of Bankable project report for CBM / CMM / AMM exploitationCBM / CMM / AMM exploitation
Commercial exploitation of CMM & AMM by Commercial exploitation of CMM & AMM by application of superior technology of multi application of superior technology of multi lateral horizontal in-seam drillinglateral horizontal in-seam drilling
Creation of suitable pipeline infrastructure Creation of suitable pipeline infrastructure for cost effective transportation of methanefor cost effective transportation of methane
CBM,CMM,AMM
Energy from coal seams - Emerging Technologies
Underground Coal Gasification
Depthwise & Qualitywise reserves of non-coking coal(as on 01.01.06)
QualityQuality ProvedProved IndicatedIndicated Total in Proved & Total in Proved & IndicatedIndicated
TotalTotal
<300m<300m >300m>300m <300m<300m >300m>300m <300m<300m >300m>300m
SuperiorSuperior 23.3923.39 4.254.25 18.6718.67 19.8219.82 41.0641.06 24.0724.07 65.1365.13
InferiorInferior 44.0444.04 7.647.64 43.9743.97 24.2324.23 88.0188.01 31.8731.87 119.88119.88
TotalTotal 67.4367.43 11.8911.89 62.6462.64 44.0544.05 129.07129.07 55.9455.94 185.01185.01
79.3279.32 106.69106.69 185.01185.01
Quality-wise break up of 35.20 Bt.reserves ( 13.95 in <300m & 21.25 Bt. In >300m) in Inferred category is not available
In Billion tonnes
Thrust areas
Specific study for delineation of suitable UCG blocks.
Taking up pilot scale studies in an collaborative regime for establishing techno-economics.
Separate bye laws, regulatory framework, fiscal incentive etc. are to be evolved
Creation of suitable pipeline infrastructure for Creation of suitable pipeline infrastructure for cost effective transportation of Syn. Gas.cost effective transportation of Syn. Gas.
Underground Coal Gasification
Mobilization of Coal SupplyMobilization of Coal Supply
Issues on Sustainable Coal
Supply
Issues on Sustainable Coal SupplyIssues on Sustainable Coal Supply
Continued expansion of resource base
Detailed exploration need be completed about two Plan periods before the year of achieving rated coal production from a block.
Exploration in CIL blocks for the production in 2016-17 will be mostly completed by 2006-07.
Explored allotted blocks can produce to match the coal requirement of XII Plan from captive blocks.
Proposed detailed drilling in XI plan will help in achieving coal production from XIII plan onwards.
Forest Clearance procedure for exploration needs to be suitably modified .
Present capacity of coal core analysis (about 30000 m/year) needs to be more than doubled to cater to the detailed exploration during XI Plan.
Issues on Sustainable Coal SupplyIssues on Sustainable Coal Supply
Underground mining Present production level of 62 mt proposed to be tripled by 2025
as per vision coal 2025.Necessary mine development works for above have to be started
during XI plan itselfSteps to be taken for faster liquidation of upper seams particularly
in Raniganj & Jharia coalfields for introduction of LW in lower seams where geo-mining conditions are favourable
Manual mining should be phased out by 2016-17 as bulk of conventional manual miners will retire by then
Bord & Pillar operations with continuous miner will be the dominant mining technology by 2016-17
Need for increasing indigenous underground mining equipment (continuous miner etc.) manufacturing capability
Issues on Sustainable Coal SupplyIssues on Sustainable Coal Supply
Enhancement of Extractable Resource
Coal EvacuationEmphasis on transport through MGRUrgent augmentation of NK & Ib valley coalfieldsRail Coal corridor,Slurry pipe lineRiverine/sea transportOthers ( Ropeways, Coal Road hauler etc.)
Land & Rehabilitation
Forest clearancesForest Zoning ‘Yes’ or ‘No’Amendment of legislationUtilization of compensatory afforestation fund
Issues on Sustainable Coal SupplyIssues on Sustainable Coal Supply
Manpower Requirement
Coal production in coming two decades is set to touch 1.5 billion tonnes
Average age of engineers (in coal PSUs) is about 47 yearsIt requires about 7 years to train & develop engineersTrained manpower will be required for
Conventional miningEmerging technologiesExploration
THANK YOU
Net Efficiency for Coal Fired Power Plant and CO2
Emission Rate
TypeType Net Net Efficiency Efficiency
%%
COCO2 2
Emission Emission Rate %Rate %
StatusStatus
Pulverized Pulverized CoalCoal
30-3530-35 100100 ProvenProven
PC(USC)PC(USC) 40-4240-42 93-9593-95 ProvenProven
PFBCPFBC 42-4542-45 9090 ProvenProven
IGCCIGCC 45-4645-46 8585 DevelopingDeveloping
IGFCIGFC Upto 50Upto 50 7575 DevelopingDeveloping
Tentative Extractable Coal Reserve
Enhancing Extractable Resource Base
An exercise carried out (April, 2004) shows that of the total resources of 91.69 Bt in CIL, 30.03 Bt (32.7%) are extractable as on 1.1.02. The remaining reserves are blocked due to various constraints.
Broad assessment of the extractable reserve of the National Coal Inventory as on 1.1.2005 considering :
Detailed exploration connotes a confidence level of 90% of the reserves established.
A 70% confidence level to Indicated and 40% to Inferred resources.
A study by CMPDI (July, 2001) shows an average Reserve to Production (R:P) ratio as 4.7:1.
Sustainability of coal production- Sustainability of coal production- OpencastOpencast
Share of opencast operations was about 22 % in 1975 which has increased to 84 % in 2004-05 (320 Mt). By 2025, coal production from opencast operations of Coal India will reach a level of about 715 Mt, which can be sustained for next 15 years at that level with further exploration.
Current depth of opencast operations ranges from 70 meters to 120 m whereas the operations have now been planned up to 300 m.
Underground coal production in India has remained stagnant for the last 25 years .For producing 124 mt of coal by 2025, the development work should start by 2006-07.
Application of mass production technology has been envisaged for achieving the aforesaid level of production.Upper seams of Jharia and Raniganj Coalfield are required to be liquidated prior to adoption of mass production technology in lower
virgin seams. In future, for extracting deep-seated coal resource,
underground mines need to be planned for at least 0.5 Mty and higher with appropriate technology mix viz. mechanised Board & Pillar, Powered Support Longwall (PSLW), Blasting Gallery, continuous miner.
Sustainability of coal production- Sustainability of coal production- UndergroundUnderground
Contd..
SECTOR-WISE PROJECTED COAL DEMAND SECTOR-WISE PROJECTED COAL DEMAND IN 2025IN 2025
Scenario : 8 % GDP growthPower (utility
)
Power (captiv
e)
Steel Cement
BRK & Others
Total deman
d
Demand (Mt) 804 112 105 123 123 1267
Share on total demand (%)
63.46 8.84 8.28 9.71 9.71 100
CAGR (06-25)
5.22 7.23 5.10 9.18 5.00 5.62Scenario : 7 % GDP growth
Power (utility
)
Power (captiv
e)
Steel Cement
BRK & Others
Total deman
d
Demand (Mt) 719 102 97 113 116 1147
Share on total demand (%)
62.69 8.89 8.46 9.85 10.11 100
CAGR (06-25)
4.56 6.69 4.64 8.65 4.66 5.04
Indicated & Inferred Resources within 300m in Indicated & Inferred Resources within 300m in Major Coalfields (Non-coking coal)Major Coalfields (Non-coking coal)
CoalfieldCoalfield In already In already explored explored blocksblocks
Already allocatedAlready allocated Available for explorationAvailable for exploration TotalTotal
Under Under expln./ expln./
proposed proposed by CMPDIby CMPDI
To be explored To be explored by allocateeby allocatee
Prioritised Prioritised for expln.for expln.
In areas In areas constrained constrained for miningfor mining
Not amenable Not amenable for independent for independent
OC miningOC mining
TalcherTalcher 0.350.35 1.861.86 1.391.39 1.381.38 1.491.49 12.1012.10 18.5818.58
IB ValleyIB Valley 0.670.67 0.270.27 0.260.26 1.231.23 0.420.42 6.296.29 9.149.14
KorbaKorba 0.270.27 -- -- 0.070.07 -- 2.472.47 2.802.80
Hasdeo-ArandHasdeo-Arand 0.010.01 -- 0.980.98 1.201.20 0.090.09 1.481.48 3.763.76
AurangaAuranga -- 0.100.10 0.950.95 0.520.52 0.020.02 -- 1.591.59
RajmahalRajmahal 0.400.40 -- 2.802.80 2.662.66 2.652.65 0.310.31 8.828.82
SingrauliSingrauli 0.980.98 -- 0.470.47 0.160.16 0.500.50 1.681.68 3.783.78
N.KaranpuraN.Karanpura 0.750.75 -- -- 1.081.08 -- 1.601.60 3.433.43
Mand-RaigarhMand-Raigarh 0.260.26 -- 2.812.81 2.452.45 5.455.45 1.941.94 12.9112.91
TotalTotal 3.673.67 2.232.23 9.669.66 10.7610.76 10.6010.60 27.8827.88 64.8264.82
(Billion tonnes)
Note: Resources in other coalfields - 8.95 Bt
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
● ● Cost of washing is nullified due to reduction in washed Cost of washing is nullified due to reduction in washed coal requirement for the same capacity of power plantcoal requirement for the same capacity of power plant
● ● Using washed coal in conventional power plant and rejects in Using washed coal in conventional power plant and rejects in FBC / CFBC power plant will lead to increased generation of FBC / CFBC power plant will lead to increased generation of power from the samepower from the same quantity of raw coal quantity of raw coal
● ● Specific COSpecific CO22 emission per unit of electricity generated will emission per unit of electricity generated will reduce by using washed coalreduce by using washed coal
Fig. in Mt.
PROJECTED COAL DEMAND & AVAILABILITY IN 2024-25
* Gap in coking coal shall be bridged with middlings to be generated from beneficiation of coking & low volatile high rank coal.
Domestic Domestic ProductioProductionn
TotalTotal 10861086Coking (Washed)Coking (Washed) 36 (18)36 (18)Low volatile High rank Low volatile High rank (Washed)(Washed)
13 (3)13 (3)
Non-CokingNon-Coking 10121012Coal equivalent of Coal equivalent of CBM / UCGCBM / UCG
2525
Deamd at Deamd at 7 % GDP 7 % GDP
TotalTotal 11471147CokingCoking 9797Non-cokingNon-coking 10501050
Gap(-) / Gap(-) / Surplus Surplus (+) at 7 % (+) at 7 % GDPGDP
CokingCoking (-) 76 (57)*(-) 76 (57)*Non-cokingNon-coking (-) 13(-) 13
Fig. in Mt.
PROJECTED COAL DEMAND & AVAILABILITY IN 2024-25
* Gap in coking coal shall be bridged with middlings to be generated from beneficiation of coking & low volatile high rank coal.
Domestic Domestic ProductionProduction
TotalTotal 10861086Coking (Washed)Coking (Washed) 36 (18)36 (18)Low volatile High rank Low volatile High rank (Washed)(Washed)
13 (3)13 (3)
Non-CokingNon-Coking 10121012Coal equivalent of CBM / Coal equivalent of CBM / UCGUCG
2525
Deamd at Deamd at 8 % GDP8 % GDP
TotalTotal 12671267CokingCoking 105105Non-cokingNon-coking 11621162
Gap(-) / Gap(-) / Surplus Surplus (+) at 8 % (+) at 8 % GDPGDP
CokingCoking (-) 84 (63)*(-) 84 (63)*Non-cokingNon-coking (-) 125(-) 125
Clean Coal Technologies: Clean Coal Technologies: During CombustionDuring Combustion
Following advanced combustion technologies are Following advanced combustion technologies are being employed/ under various stages of being employed/ under various stages of development to reduce emission of GHGs & development to reduce emission of GHGs & increase thermalincrease thermal efficiencies:efficiencies:
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycle (PFBC)Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycle (PFBC)
Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)
Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)
Hydrogen Production from Coal with Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Production from Coal with Carbon Dioxide Recovery(HyPr-RING)Recovery(HyPr-RING)
OUTLOOK ON COAL
Coal is the key contributor to the Indian energy scenario. 55 % of the current total commercial energy needs are met by coal.
Coal has the largest domestic base and largest share of India's energy production amongst four major Indian fuel sources - oil, natural gas, coal and uranium.
A far smaller percentage of domestic coal demand is met by imports than for the other major fuels.
It is projected that by 2024-25, the share of coal in national energy scenario would come down marginally to about 50 % level.
Integrated Energy Policy - IssuesIntegrated Energy Policy - Issues To bridge the gap between demand and supply
encourage import which are also needed from a longer term perspective
Create needed infrastructure to facilitate coal import
Imported coal is far more cost competitive to imported gas for power generation along the western & southern coast
Domestic coal production should be stepped up by allotting coal blocks to PSUs as well as to notified end users
Coal blocks held by CIL, which will not be brought into production by 2016-17 be made available to other eligible candidates for bringing into production by 2011-12.
Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973 be amended to enable private participation for purposes other than those specified & offering of future coal blocks to potential entrepreneurs
Integrated Energy Policy - IssuesIntegrated Energy Policy - Issues Enlarging coal resource base is important to meet coal requirement.
Deshaling, improved mining procedures and sizing of coal to be considered for bringing down the average ash content of Indian coal.
Full washing to reduce ash content further thereby saving transport cost and resulting in improved of power plants to be considered.
Independent regulatory body to regulate upstream allotment and exploitation of coal blocks to yield coal, CBM, mine mouth methane and for in-situ coal gasification to be created.
Integrated Energy Policy - IssuesIntegrated Energy Policy - Issues Rationalise rail freight rates for coal transport. Gradually reduce cross subsidy surcharges imposed on freight traffic.
Alternate means for moving coal through coastal shipping, river/canal movement and coal slurry pipeline to be considered.
Infrastructure status to coal industry. Lower duties on capital goods imported for coal mines to make them uniform with such duties for other energy sub-sectors.
20% of total coal available should be sold through
e-marketing.
Raise the domestic level of trading and marketing of coal by removing it from the list of essential commodities.
Amend the provisions of Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 to facilitate off-loading activities in coal mining for improved economics of operation.
Integrated Energy Policy - IssuesIntegrated Energy Policy - Issues
Improved Governance is essential for dealing with malpractices and corruption like black marketing of coal, pilferages and illegal mining.
Coal projects are often delayed due to environmental regulations and delays in approval of EMPs. Simplification of procedures, preparation of comprehensive EMPs and demonstration of environmental responsibilities on the ground can help reduce such delays.
Reserve of compensatory afforestation built in advance should be accepted against specific project-wise commitments to reduce such delays
Production ProjectionsProduction Projections
Producing CompanyProducing Company Projected Production (Mt)Projected Production (Mt)
XII Plan (2016-17)XII Plan (2016-17) XIV Plan (2025)XIV Plan (2025)
OCOC UGUG TotalTotal OCOC UGUG TotalTotal
CIL Total:CIL Total:(Incl. NE)(Incl. NE)
568568 8080 648648 658658 124124 782782
Non-CIL AreasNon-CIL AreasUnblocked AreasUnblocked Areas
55 -- 55 5757 -- 5757
Total CILTotal CIL 573573 8080 653653 715715 124124 839839
Coal Equivalent CBM-Coal Equivalent CBM-UCGUCG
-- -- 55 -- -- 2525
SCCLSCCL 4545 4747
Others: Captive Others: Captive TISCO/IISCO TISCO/IISCO
7575 175175
Grand Total Grand Total (Domestic)(Domestic)
778778 10861086
Production ProjectionsProduction Projections
Demand vis-a-vis AvailabilityDemand vis-a-vis Availability
Domestic ProductionDomestic Production TotalTotal 10861086
Coking (Washed Coal)Coking (Washed Coal) 36 (18)36 (18)
Low Volatile High Rank (Washed Coal)Low Volatile High Rank (Washed Coal) 13 (3)13 (3)
Non-CokingNon-Coking 10121012
Coal equiv.of CBM/UCGCoal equiv.of CBM/UCG 2525
Demand at 7% GDPDemand at 7% GDP TotalTotal 11471147
CokingCoking 9797
Non-CokingNon-Coking 10501050
Gap (-) / Surplus(+) Gap (-) / Surplus(+) at 7% GDPat 7% GDP
CokingCoking (-) 76 {57}(-) 76 {57}
Non-CokingNon-Coking (-) 13(-) 13
Production ProjectionsProduction Projections
The production projected as above is based on broad The production projected as above is based on broad assessment, keeping in view various considerations like assessment, keeping in view various considerations like geo-mining, techno-economic and surface constraints, geo-mining, techno-economic and surface constraints, specific to different coalfields .specific to different coalfields .
Large opencast mines would continue to play dominant role Large opencast mines would continue to play dominant role in country’s coal production in next 3 decadesin country’s coal production in next 3 decades. .
It is expected that coal production from opencast operation It is expected that coal production from opencast operation of CIL will peak at 715 Mty by 2025, in addition a production of CIL will peak at 715 Mty by 2025, in addition a production of 160 Mty is expected to come from the of 160 Mty is expected to come from the opencast-mines/blocks identified for allocation to captive opencast-mines/blocks identified for allocation to captive users. SCCL will also contribute a production of 27 Mty from users. SCCL will also contribute a production of 27 Mty from opencast mines by 2025opencast mines by 2025
Production ProjectionsProduction Projections
Private sector participation in coal through captive mining Private sector participation in coal through captive mining has been allowed by the Govt. since 1993has been allowed by the Govt. since 1993. .
17 Captive Blocks of tentative production capacity of 26.45 17 Captive Blocks of tentative production capacity of 26.45 MTY were allocated till 2000. The production from these MTY were allocated till 2000. The production from these blocks which was 3.83 mt in 2000, has increased to 9.58 mt blocks which was 3.83 mt in 2000, has increased to 9.58 mt in 2005. in 2005.
70 more captive blocks of potential production capacity of 70 more captive blocks of potential production capacity of 172.55 mty have been allocated and are under allocation 172.55 mty have been allocated and are under allocation process between 2001 & 2005process between 2001 & 2005..
Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal GasificationGasification
Coal Bed MethaneCoal Bed Methane In 1997, a CBM policy was formulated and DGH was nominated as the In 1997, a CBM policy was formulated and DGH was nominated as the
nodal agency for management and promotion of CBM in the country. nodal agency for management and promotion of CBM in the country. Two rounds of global competitive bidding have already been Two rounds of global competitive bidding have already been concluded where blocks were delineated by CMPDI at the instance of concluded where blocks were delineated by CMPDI at the instance of MoC and corresponding data package were also largely prepared by MoC and corresponding data package were also largely prepared by CMPDICMPDI..
A mine-related CBM demonstration project for Coal Bed Methane A mine-related CBM demonstration project for Coal Bed Methane Recovery and Commercial Utilization aided by UNDP/Global Recovery and Commercial Utilization aided by UNDP/Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Govt. of India as collaborators has Environment Facility (GEF) and Govt. of India as collaborators has been taken up. been taken up.
A consortium of CIL and ONGC has been allotted two blocks for A consortium of CIL and ONGC has been allotted two blocks for exploration and commercial exploitation of CBM located in Jharia and exploration and commercial exploitation of CBM located in Jharia and Raniganj coalfields. CMPDI is to implement this project on behalf of Raniganj coalfields. CMPDI is to implement this project on behalf of CIL. The project is under implementation.CIL. The project is under implementation.
Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal GasificationGasification
Coal Mine Methane / Abandoned Mine MethaneCoal Mine Methane / Abandoned Mine Methane Coal Mine Methane/Abandoned Mine Methane (CMM/AMM) Coal Mine Methane/Abandoned Mine Methane (CMM/AMM)
have been considered as an important sub-set of CBM which have been considered as an important sub-set of CBM which relate to CBM produced before, during and after coal mining. relate to CBM produced before, during and after coal mining.
CIL has drawn a long term perspective for commercial CIL has drawn a long term perspective for commercial recovery of CMM/AMMrecovery of CMM/AMM. .
The perspective includes policy formulation and generation of The perspective includes policy formulation and generation of base line data for evaluation of areas under mining, base line data for evaluation of areas under mining, abandoned mines and future mining areas for delineation of abandoned mines and future mining areas for delineation of viable CMM/AMM blocks for commercial recovery of viable CMM/AMM blocks for commercial recovery of CMM/AMMCMM/AMM
Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal GasificationGasification
CBM Data GenerationCBM Data Generation
During the course of initial assessment of CBM resources, it has During the course of initial assessment of CBM resources, it has been observed that there is lack of dedicated database in respect of been observed that there is lack of dedicated database in respect of desorption and adsorption character of coal for CBM potentiality desorption and adsorption character of coal for CBM potentiality assessment. In view of this, it was evolved in the National assessment. In view of this, it was evolved in the National perspective that routine coal exploration through boreholes under perspective that routine coal exploration through boreholes under Promotional funding by the Govt. may be used for incremental data Promotional funding by the Govt. may be used for incremental data generation in regard of CBM potentiality assessment. Accordingly, a generation in regard of CBM potentiality assessment. Accordingly, a scheme of assessment of CBM Gas-in-Place Resources of Indian scheme of assessment of CBM Gas-in-Place Resources of Indian coalfields during X Plan has been approved by the Govt. at an coalfields during X Plan has been approved by the Govt. at an estimated cost of Rs.8 crores. The scheme is under implementation estimated cost of Rs.8 crores. The scheme is under implementation by CMPDI and the data in various coalfields are being generated by CMPDI and the data in various coalfields are being generated
Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal Development of Coalbed Methane and Underground Coal GasificationGasification
Underground Coal GasificationUnderground Coal Gasification In India, a large amount of coal exists beyond present techno-In India, a large amount of coal exists beyond present techno-economically viable mining depth. They are falling within Proved to economically viable mining depth. They are falling within Proved to Indicated categories. Such coals have immense potential to yield energy Indicated categories. Such coals have immense potential to yield energy through UCG. Besides, within mineable depth also, there are many small through UCG. Besides, within mineable depth also, there are many small isolated patches of coal occurrence, which are presently not viable for isolated patches of coal occurrence, which are presently not viable for mining and the same can be considered for underground coal conversion.mining and the same can be considered for underground coal conversion.
Additionally, there is a huge occurrence of lignite in India, which has not Additionally, there is a huge occurrence of lignite in India, which has not even brought into lignite resource inventory, but otherwise known in course even brought into lignite resource inventory, but otherwise known in course of oil and gas exploration in the country. These lignite fields need proper of oil and gas exploration in the country. These lignite fields need proper exploration and may be taken up for UCG in addition to known lignite exploration and may be taken up for UCG in addition to known lignite deposits, which could not be economically mined due to greater depth. deposits, which could not be economically mined due to greater depth. Visualizing the opportunity, CIL Board has cleared a MoU with ONGC for Visualizing the opportunity, CIL Board has cleared a MoU with ONGC for pursuing UCG under collaborative regime on 50:50 cost sharing and is pursuing UCG under collaborative regime on 50:50 cost sharing and is awaiting approval of Govt.awaiting approval of Govt.
ConclusionConclusion
Coal will remain the major primary source of commercial energy in the Coal will remain the major primary source of commercial energy in the India owing to its large resource base.India owing to its large resource base.
Presently, the extractable coal reserves upto a depth range of 600m Presently, the extractable coal reserves upto a depth range of 600m has been assessed as 52 billion tonneshas been assessed as 52 billion tonnes..
Considering the average production level of 600-700 Mty with peak of Considering the average production level of 600-700 Mty with peak of the production reaching to the forecasted level of 2025, the country’s the production reaching to the forecasted level of 2025, the country’s coal resources is expected to last for more than 60 years. By this time, coal resources is expected to last for more than 60 years. By this time, new alternative source of energy will come into commercial operationnew alternative source of energy will come into commercial operation
Projected high growth rate in coal production is subject to removal of Projected high growth rate in coal production is subject to removal of barriersbarriers
There is a need to expand the coal resource base of the country by There is a need to expand the coal resource base of the country by expediting coal exploration both regional and detailedexpediting coal exploration both regional and detailed..
Indian system of coal resource classification needs to be replaced by Indian system of coal resource classification needs to be replaced by UNFC based classification system for better appreciation of the UNFC based classification system for better appreciation of the economy of coal resources of the countryeconomy of coal resources of the country
Production ProjectionsProduction Projections
Coal Production ProjectionCoal Production ProjectionCompanyCompany Production in 2025 (Mt)Production in 2025 (Mt)
Non-cokingNon-coking CokingCoking TotalTotal
CILCIL 809809 3030 839839
Non-CILNon-CIL
SCCLSCCL 4747 -- 4747
Captive & TISCO / Captive & TISCO / IISCOIISCO
169169 66 175175
CBM-UCGCBM-UCG 2525 -- 2525
Sub total Non-CILSub total Non-CIL 241241 66 247247
All IndiaAll India 10501050 3636 10861086
Issues on Coal SupplyIssues on Coal Supply
Augmenting indigenous production from
CIL, & SCCL
Others (TISCO,IISCO etc.)
Captive blocks
CBM & UCG operations
Sustainability of coal production
Opencast
Underground
Issues on Coal SupplyIssues on Coal Supply
Removal of infrastructural constraints
Coal evacuation
Land & rehabilitation
Creating indigenous equipment manufacturing base
Review of Policy issues
Forest Zoning/ EMP clearance
Fiscal incentive for UCG & coal washing
Lower import duty on mining equipment
Creation of corpus fund for mine closure
Production Potential from allotted Captive blocksProduction Potential from allotted Captive blocks
Captive Blocks (including TISCO, IISCO etc.):A. Production Requirement (Mt)
06-07 11-12 16-17
28.8 44.0 75.0
B. Blocks allotted: Fully Explored Regionally Explored
TotalTill 2003 No. 29 8
37 Reserve(Bt) 2.57 1.28 3.85
2004-06 No. 41 13 54
Reserve(Bt) 5.19 8.0 13.19
Total No. 70 21 91
Reserve(Bt) 7.76 9.28 17.04
1. Blocks allotted till 2003 have sufficient Proved reserves to attain 44 Mt production by 2011-122. Blocks allotted till date have sufficient Proved reserves to attain 200 Mt production by 2020
COAL BENEFICIATION
Indian Coals - Need for beneficiation
Unlike Western Coal, most of the Indian coals contain high percentage of inorganic impurities (due to Drift origin).
65% of non-coking coal belongs to high ash category (grade ‘E’ and below)
Ash content in ROM coking coal is around 26-35% against ash requirement for steel making 17+0.5
Contain high percentage of Near Gravity Materials (NGM)
Substantial reserves of High Ash (>34%) Non-coking coal in the country .
Deterioration in coal quality due to increased mechanization of mines
MOEF’s mandatory requirements Varying customers’ needs & need for market
retention To reduce load on Railways Transportation system
Prospect Of Coal Beneficiation : Prospect Of Coal Beneficiation : 2011-122011-12
Sl. No.
Type of Coal Projected
Production MTY
Existing Washing Cap, MTY
Capacity Addition required
1 Coking Coal 26 31 Existing washeries to
be Modernized/
Replaced
2 Low Volatile High Rank (LVHR), i.e., high ash Coking coal
13 Nil 13
3 Non-Coking Coal
3.1 Superior Grade 147 Need based
3.2 Pit Head TPP linked low grade Coal (approx)
160 Need based
3.3 Remaining Low Grade Coal (approx)
275 90 185
LEVEL OF WASHING
Partial washing For Non-coking coal : Require banding of UHV to narrow
down the calorific ranges & subsequent pricing to reap the benefit of non-coking coal washing
Full scale washing For Coking coal
ECONOMICS OF WASHING OF NON-COKING COAL – A CASE ECONOMICS OF WASHING OF NON-COKING COAL – A CASE STUDYSTUDY
● ● Raw coal characteristics of Talcher Coalfield Raw coal characteristics of Talcher Coalfield
Ash – 40.2%Ash – 40.2%
GCV – 4074 Kcal/kgGCV – 4074 Kcal/kg
Price – Rs. 515 / Te (without sizing)Price – Rs. 515 / Te (without sizing)
●● Washed coal at 34% ashWashed coal at 34% ash
Yield % - 80.8Yield % - 80.8
GCV – 4439 Kcal/KgGCV – 4439 Kcal/Kg
Price – Rs 736 / te (excluding sales Price – Rs 736 / te (excluding sales realisation of rejects) , Rs 701 / realisation of rejects) , Rs 701 / te (including sales realisation of rejects @ Rs 150 / te)te (including sales realisation of rejects @ Rs 150 / te)
ECONOMICS OF WASHING OF NON-COKING COAL – A CASE ECONOMICS OF WASHING OF NON-COKING COAL – A CASE STUDYSTUDY
● ● Price of 1000 Kcal in case of raw coal = 12.6 Price of 1000 Kcal in case of raw coal = 12.6 paisapaisa
●● Price of 1000 Kcal in case of washed coal (excluding Price of 1000 Kcal in case of washed coal (excluding sales realisation of rejects) = 13.3 paisasales realisation of rejects) = 13.3 paisa
●● Price of 1000 Kcal in case of washed coal (including sales Price of 1000 Kcal in case of washed coal (including sales realisation of rejects) = 12.6 paisarealisation of rejects) = 12.6 paisa
Assumption : Requirement of washed coal in a thermal Assumption : Requirement of washed coal in a thermal power plant is equivalent to 80% of raw coal power plant is equivalent to 80% of raw coal requirementrequirement
PRESENT STATUS OF WASHING & FUTURE REQUIREMENTPRESENT STATUS OF WASHING & FUTURE REQUIREMENT
● ● As per Coal Vision – 2025, production is projected as 1060 As per Coal Vision – 2025, production is projected as 1060 Mty out of which 874 Mty need to be washedMty out of which 874 Mty need to be washed
●● Present washing capacities of all non-coking coal Present washing capacities of all non-coking coal washeries ( inside CIL & outside) = 90 Mtywasheries ( inside CIL & outside) = 90 Mty
●● 3 more3 more washeries of 24 Mty combined capacity are under washeries of 24 Mty combined capacity are under constructionconstruction
● ● Likely quantity of rejects to be produced = 218 Mty to 260 Mty Likely quantity of rejects to be produced = 218 Mty to 260 Mty which will produce about 17000 Mw to 20000 Mw of power by which will produce about 17000 Mw to 20000 Mw of power by FBC / CFBC technologyFBC / CFBC technology
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
● ● As per a Japanese estimate, for producing 2.17 million As per a Japanese estimate, for producing 2.17 million MWHr electricity i.e. for a 275 Mw Power Plant unit, MWHr electricity i.e. for a 275 Mw Power Plant unit, reduction of 550,000 Te of COreduction of 550,000 Te of CO22 emission can be emission can be achieved by using washed coal (34% ASH) instead of achieved by using washed coal (34% ASH) instead of 42% ash raw coal.42% ash raw coal.
Washery Rejects : Washery Rejects : Present ScenarioPresent Scenario
Generation of Rejects in 2004-05 was 2.44 Mt from CIL washeries having
Coking Coal Washeries : 10 - 15 % of RC feed
Non-coking Coal Washeries : 15 - 20 % of RC feed
Washing capacity in non-CIL plants about 81 Mt : Coking Coal : 11.27Mt Non-Coking : 69.6 Mt Percentage of Reject is likely to be the same as in
CIL Washeries
Addl. non-coking Coal Beneficiation by 2011-12(Anticipated) : 185 Mty
Approx.
Washery Rejects : Washery Rejects : Present ScenarioPresent Scenario
Disposal of Rejects in an environment friendly manner posing problem
7 units of 10 MW has been installed at five locations for utilising coking coal washery rejects for ash % ranging from 55 to 72 in BCCL and CCL.
Thrust Area : Reject Utilization
To establish an Efficient cost-effective technique for power generation from Washery rejects
Ash generated from the power plant will be disposed as a back-fill material in the Opencast Mines.
The Power Plants to envisage post combustion
emission control technologies e.g. CO2
control / sequestration etc.