Post on 17-Jul-2016
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ENG 101 SP15
Peer Review Essay #4 Argument Analysis
Parallelism
Other Punctuation
WHAT IS PARALLELISM?
Using the same pattern of words to show that two
or more ideas have the same importance
Patterns fall into four areas:
Words and phrases
Forms
Clauses
Lists
PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES
Do not mix patterns with the –ing form (gerund)
of words:
I like playing baseball, reading about sports, and
tacos.
I like playing baseball, reading about sports, and
eating tacos.
PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES
Do not mix patterns of infinitive phrases.
Mary likes to shop, to read, and jogging..
Mary like to shop, to read, and to jog.
PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES
Balance parallel ideas presented as pairs Either…or neither…nor
not only…but also both…and whether…or
The teacher not only wants his students to keep quiet but also to do the task.
The teacher wants his students not only to keep quiet but also to do the task.
Thomas Edison was not only a prolific inventor but also was a successful entrepreneur.
Omit was
PARALLELISM – FORMS
Do not mix forms.
The teacher said that he was a poor student
because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab problems
in a careless manner, and his motivation was
low.
The teacher said that he was a poor student
because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab problems
in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.
PARALLELISM – CLAUSES A parallel structure that begins with clauses must
continue using clauses.
The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers.
The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him questions.
PARALLELISM – CLAUSES Repeat function words to clarify parallels
By, to, that, because
Our study revealed that left-handed students were more likely to have trouble with classroom desks and rearranging desks for exam periods was useful.
Our study revealed that left-handed students were more likely to have trouble with classroom desks and that rearranging desks for exam periods was useful.
PARALLELISM – LISTS
Be sure to keep al the elements in a list in the same form.
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
OTHER PUNCTUATION
PARENTHESIS
DO NOT OVERUSE!!!
Use to enclose supplemental material, minor
digressions, and afterthoughts
Some of my cousins (Bill, Wesley, David, Hartley,
Melissa, and Kacey) were at my party.
Use to enclose letters or numbers labeling
items in a series
Regulations stipulated that only the following
equipment could be used on the survival mission:
(1) knife, (2) thirty feet of parachute line, (3) a
book of matches, and (4) two ponchos.
DASH
Use to set off parenthetical material that deserves emphasis
My grandmother bought me a puppy – an adorable little bulldog – for my birthday!
Use to set off appositives that contain commas
An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames a nearby noun. They are usually set off with commas, but when the appositive itself contains commas, a pair of dashes helps readers see the importance of all pauses.
My best friends – Amani, Catherine, Erin, Kai, and Lola – are here.
type word, space, dash, dash, space, next word, and Word will do it automatically
DASH
Use to introduce a list, a restatement, an amplification, or a dramatic shift in tone or thought
(basically can replace a colon, but colons are more formal and less dramatic than a dash)
Only use if there is a specific reason for its use (don’t want unnecessary choppiness)
In my hometown, people’s basic needs include the following items – sesame seed oil, honey, safflower oil, and that half-liquid “peanuts only” peanut butter.
BRACKETS
Use to enclose any words/phrases that have been inserted into an otherwise word-for-word quotation Audubon reports that “if there are not enough young to
balance deaths, the end of the species [California condor] is inevitable” (4).
The Latin word “sic” in brackets indicates that an error in a quoted sentence appears in the original source.
Do NOT overuse because calling attention to others’ mistakes can appear snobbish. According to the review, Nelly Fortado’s performance
was brilliant, “exceeding [sic] the expectations of even her most loyal fans.”
BRACKETS
Use to enclose any words/phrases that have been inserted into an otherwise word-for-word quotation Audubon reports that “if there are not enough young to
balance deaths, the end of the species [California condor] is inevitable” (4).
The Latin word “sic” in brackets indicates that an error in a quoted sentence appears in the original source.
Do NOT overuse because calling attention to others’ mistakes can appear snobbish. According to the review, Nelly Fortado’s performance
was brilliant, “exceeding [sic] the expectations of even her most loyal fans.”
BRACKETS PRACTICE
1. Lisette’s speech contained the following remark: “I accept this medal Comal College Student of the Year with the acknowledgment of the support of my family, friends, and teachers.”
[Comal College Student of the Year]
2. The actor remarked, none too humbly, “When I deliver my character’s famous speech Act I Scene 3, the audience weeps.”
[Act I Scene 3]
BRACKETS PRACTICE
3. If you read the quotation from the Navy
captain (see the article entitled “Life Down
Under” page 4, column 5), you will have a
better understanding of life on a submarine.
[page 4, column 5]
4. At one point in the interview, the singer
responded, “When I’m home London, England,
I occasionally give free concerts.”
[London, England]
BRACKETS PRACTICE
5. As part of the preparation for your trip, you will find it immensely helpful to read about the local customs (the “When in Rome...” section of Chapter 2 pages 18-20).
[pages 18-20]
6. The mayor-elect then commented, “It is imperative that we make this the proposed loop around the city a priority of this administration.”
[the proposed loop around the city]
BRACKETS PRACTICE
7. The winner answered my question about the
best type of racing bicycle with “There’s no
doubt that mine a twenty-seven speed Italian
bicycle is the best.”
[a twenty-seven speed Italian bicycle]
8. To get to the Connellys’ farm, you go down
Arrowhead Road (between Route 10 the
turnoff is north of Evinston and Route 52).
[the turnoff is north of Evinston]
BRACKETS PRACTICE
9. “Do you happen to know the year that Tony
Dorsett was awarded it the Heisman Trophy?”
Luella asked.
[the Heisman Trophy]
10. Please turn to the statistics on the world
population (see page 46 Chart C) before
continuing.
[Chart C]
ELLIPSIS MARK…
Use to indicate that words have been deleted from an otherwise word-for-word quotation
The governor said, “It is very important for our children...that the school year be extended...and that they go to school...360 days a year” (Smith 82).
If a full sentence or more is deleted in the middle of a quoted passage, use a period before the three ellipsis dots
“If we don’t properly train, teach, or treat our growing prison population,” says long-time reform advocate Luis Rodriguez, “somebody else will….This may well be the safety issue of the new century” (16).
ELLIPSIS MARK…
Use to indicate a hesitation or an interruption in
speech or to suggest unfinished thoughts
“The apartment building next door…it’s going up in
flames!” yelled Marcia.
SLASH
Use to separate two or three lines of poetry
Add a space before and after the slash
Roses are red / violets are blue / sugar is sweet
Use to separate paired terms
Do not use space before or after slash
Pass/fail, producer/director
Do not use and/or, he/she, is/or
Rewrite instead
HYPHEN
Use the dictionary to see if whether or not a word
is hyphenated or compound
Water-repellent, waterproof, water table
Use when two or more words are used together
as an adjective before a noun
Richa Gupta is not yet a well-known candidate.
Do not use to connect –ly adverbs to words they
modify
WRONG: A slowly-moving truck tied up traffic
HYPHEN
Hyphenate fractions and certain numbers when
they are spelled out
One-fourth
Use with the prefixes ill-, ex-, and self-
Self-help
Use with the suffix -elect
President-elect
HYPHEN
Use in certain words to avoid ambiguity or to
separate awkward double or triple letters
Re-creation and recreation
Anti-intellectual (double i)
Cross-stitch (double s)
HYPHEN PRACTICE
1. In the story, the villain dies from a self inflicted wound.
Self-inflicted
2. Bill Bradley is an ex basketball player.
Ex-basketball
3. Governor elect Rousseau was born right here in our town.
Governor-elect
4. The Assad family left Istanbul on a bitterly cold day.
correct
HYPHEN PRACTICE
5. Have you hear that only forty two percent of the people in this area favor a bike trail?
Forty-two
7. Did you know that manatees have trouble hearing low frequency sounds?
Low-frequency
8. At this location today, one hundred and three people have registered to vote.
correct
9. Elissa is looking for an oil free moisturizing liquid.
Oil-free
PEER REVIEW ARGUMENT ANALYSIS
On peer review sheet, write
Reviewed by: (insert your name)
Summary author: (peer’s name)
Exchange essays.
Read the essay and complete the peer
review sheet.
Give both to author (your peer).
FOR THURSDAY…
Argument analysis final copy
Causal analysis mulligans