ENG101AENG101ALesson 2 Lesson 2

Summarising and Summarising and ParaphrasingParaphrasing

ENG101AENG101ALesson 2 Lesson 2

Summarising and Summarising and ParaphrasingParaphrasing

Step 1

Read the original text thoroughly understand its overall meaning

Read between the lines pick up 'hidden' information Unfamiliar words use a dictionary

Step 2

Underline or highlight the main points of the text

Ignore: •unnecessary facts•descriptions •opinions

Step 3

Make a note of the most important details

• Draw a diagram • Use pictures

Step 4• Use your own words to write the

main points that you’ve chosen• Use synonym (two words that can be

interchanged in a context) to replace some main words in the original textE.g. Soccer betting Soccer gambling

Step 5• Summarise by linking together the

key points using sentences or paragraphs

• Stick to the ideas from the author • Use your own words• Do NOT copy words to words from

the original text

When you finish…• Read your draft • Make sure: you haven't lost the

overall point of the original information

• Make amendments

A written summary – Do’s• Brief & easy to read • Contain the main points of the

original text• In your own words • Correct grammar, punctuation and

sentences

A written summary – Don'ts• DON’T just copy out 'chunks' of the

original version • DON’T contain information,

descriptions or opinions that do not support the general meaning of the text

Worksheet 1Instructions

• Read the statements about summarising and decide whether they are true or false, and give your reasons.

Worksheet 1 Answer key

1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T

Worksheet 2Instructions

• Read the three short articles, each of which describes a holiday destination.

• Remember that sometimes you have to ‘read between the lines’ to understand what is really meant.

Worksheet 2Instructions (cont’d)

• Discuss who you think will enjoy each holiday venue and the reasons why. Then summarise each destination using your own words and write no more than a sentence about each.

Worksheet 2Example:

‘Rose Cottage’ would be an ideal destination for anyone wishing to escape to the countryside for a quiet or romantic weekend away.

Worksheet 2Possible answer

‘Sun Seekers’ apartments are ideal for anyone looking for budget accommodation and wishing to experience the party atmosphere that San Antonio can offer.

Worksheet 2Possible answer

‘Bridgehaven Holiday Park’ is a great family holiday destination close to a large range of facilities and entertainment for all ages.

Worksheet 2Possible answer

The ‘Sea View Hotel’ offers the ideal holiday package for more mature visitors who enjoy the security of taking part in organised activities and entertainment.

Worksheet 3Instructions

• Write an account of the summer fete using no more than 3 sentences.

Worksheet 3Possible answer

A number of new attractions and perfect weather conditions helped make this year’s summer fete the most successful ever. A record amount of 1900 was raised. The proceeds will be used to buy new sports equipment for the school.

Worksheet 5Instructions

• Write a summary of the book review using no more than 3 sentences.

Worksheet 5Possible answer

Newcomers to a small village might not be all they seem. The finger of suspicion is pointed at them when strange events start to happen immediately after their arrival. ‘The Silent Villagers’ is an absorbing mystery which will hold your interest from beginning to end.

What is paraphrasing?

= rewording of another writer's text, explanation, argument, or narrative

• Length approx.= original text ( NOT simplified)

• w/ DIFFERENT wording & sentence structure

Why paraphrase?

to make sure you completely understand a text

to directly discuss somebody’s argument/text

to use as expert evidence for a point you’re making

to present an opposing point of view you want to refute

How to paraphrase a text?

1. use alternative wording to the writer’s throughout your paraphrase.

2. if the author’s words are used to name important ideas, use quotation marks to enclose his/her phrases

How to paraphrase a text?

3. ALWAYS use your own words & sentence structure to present the ideas of original, otherwise (even following the author’s sentence structure!) it’s considered plagiarised!

4. CITE your source.

How to paraphrase a text?

5. Use your own word to introduce the topic if a paraphrase is included in your text and ALSO use expressions such as “Smith argues that…”, “According to …,” or “Lee also claims that…” to present someone else’s ideas

Summarising vs. ParaphrasingSummarising vs. Paraphrasing

SummarisingPutting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.ParaphrasingIt is only slightly shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.

The Wrong Way to Paraphrase

Explanation:

This paraphrase is an accurate summary of the above passage, but is incorrectly paraphrased because it does not cite the source of its main ideas. The author of this paraphrase has plagiarized the ideas of another.

The Wrong Way to Paraphrase

Explanation:

This excerpt is not a paraphrase at all; it is too similar to the source. Rather than summarizing the ideas, it uses the same words and structure as the original. This author has committed plagiarism by misrepresenting another’s work as his own.

•  

The Right Way to Paraphrase

Explanation:

This paraphrase is properly cited and represents an accurate and concise summary of the source.

The Right Way to Paraphrase

Explanation:

Notice how the second version has been simplified: long phrases, such as "appeared to be of enormous girth," have been pared down and replaced by simpler phrases, such as "overweight.”

Paraphrasing Techniques

i. Read and understand the text.ii. Make a list of the main ideas.iii. Change the structure of the text.iv. Rewrite the main ideas in complete

sentences. Combine your notes into a piece of continuous writing.

v. Check your work.

Exercise 11. C2. B3. A4. C5. A6. B7. B8. C9. A

Exercise 110. A11. B12. A13. B14. C15.A16.D17.B18.B

Exercise 119.A20.C21.D22.C23.D24.B25.D

Exercise 2

b. Over 4,000 plant species are estimated to be used by forest inhabitants as food and medicine solely. 

c. The ability/capacity/function to save and get/access information/data is called memory. 

d. There is an exponential increase/growth/expansion in research and publications in every of the four areas of anthropology.

Exercise 3

b. In a similar way / In a close relationship to the former / likewise / in the same logic or principle 

c. Apart from / In addition to / except from 

d. On the contrary / Contrarily / In contrast / in opposition to / in contradiction to / in an opposite way/ oppositely

Exercise 4

• Vast Tremendous abundant• Exert have• Fragility

weakness/demerit/disadvantage

Exercise 4

• Against the law illegal• Liquor alcohol• Organized systematic• Powerless unable/incapable• Heroes idols• Symbolized represented/stood for

Exercise 5

1.This rewriting of history was not so much a matter of starting things all over again (anew).

2.Here he lives with the laborers in one of the barrack rooms, and out of his small earnings starts to build a house.

Exercise 5

1. The Norman invasion/intrusion took place in 1066.

2. The explosion of the bomb caused many casualties.

Exercise 5

1. He wrote in a frequent way/ at a frequent pace.

2. From a political perspective/angle OR in political terms, it was a bad decision.

Exercise 5

1. A study of this kind can be related to texts in other media too.

2. In this treatment a variety of techniques can be used to elicit the language learners already know.