Post on 09-Apr-2018
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English- The GlobalLanguage
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History Of English Language
It originated from England
English is a living language
It has developed across time and place in both its oral & written
forms
It has the largest vocabulary of all the worlds Language
It is still growing
There are many variations in the oral & written form
Written form is relatively stable for centuries
It is identical throughout the world except some spellings
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Language & Vocabulary
Oral Language develops naturally
From Exposure to the languages of our parents,
Communities,
Friends & Neighbors
It gets influenced from the local languages
Its dialects & the mannerism its spoken
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Approach for Pronunciation
An aviator was sent on a mission to a distant part of the globe when
he returned to his base, he noticed that it was strangely quite
Everything was in perfect order, but there wasnt a sign of life in
the place. He wandered through the town very surprised.
He could not fine even one living creature in the town. He droveback to the airport filled his plane with gas
and flew terrified to New York, London and Moscow
While he had been on his mission every animal
and human being seemed to have disappeared from
the earth.
What do you understand with the above Passage?
Passage Reading:
Pronouncing every word correctly leads to poor pronunciation! Good pronunciation
comes from stressing the right words- this is because English is a time-stressed
language.
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Pronunciation
Pronunciation plays a very important part when we speak, many times whenwe mispronounce the meaning of the sentence or the word changes.
Factors effecting the Pronunciation
Word Stress
Mispronounce
Sounds
Word Stress- Changes in Meaning
When speaking the words you stress can change the underlying meaning of asentence.
Even simple sentences have different meaning based on how you stress
Communication of People is often judged by the way they pronounce the
words and stress the words. It gives the first impression to the person
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Mispronounce of words:
It creates lots of problems to the listeners or the people whom the message is
conveyed
Phonetics help the people in pronouncing the words in the proper way
Need to remember the International PhoneticAlphabets
Sounds:
One should keep in mind certain words how they are pronounced & how it
sounds when an Native English speaker speaks
You need to learn how each word is pronounced specially the vowels and
consonant sounds
Mouth should be properly opened when pronouncing
Need to do mouth exercises to get the proper pronunciations
Pronunciation
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Phonetic Symbols &Alphabet
Phonetic symbols provides great help when learning how to pronounce words
Correct pronunciation is found in the dictionaries, where the correct
pronunciation is known by looking the phonetic symbols
In English many words can have the same pronunciation but written differently
Example: to, two & too
Sometimes the words can be written similarly but have different pronunciations
Example: Thought, Though, Bough & Through
Major factor in many instances is the word stress
Understanding the PhoneticAlphabet can greatly simplify the learning process
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PhoneticAlphabet
A as in Alpha
B as in Bravo
C as in Charlie
D as in Delta
E as in EchoF as in Foxtrot
G as in Golf
H as in Hotel
I as in India
J as in Juliet
K as in Kilo
L as in Lima
M as in Mike
N as in November
O as in Oscar
P as in Papa
Q as in Quebec
R as in RomeoS as in Sierra
T as in Tango
U as in Uniform
V as in Victor
W as in Whiskey
X as in X-ray
Y as in Yankee
Z as in Zulu
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Word Stress
When you are speaking in English the word stress can change the
underlying meaning a sentence
Example :I dont think he should get the job
This simple sentence can have many levels of meaning based on the word youstress
Read the each sentence aloud and give a strong stress on the Bold
word
I dont think he should get that jobI dont think he should get that job
I dont thinkhe should get that job
I dont thinkhe should get that job
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I dont think he should get that job
I dont think he should get that job
I dont think he should get thatjob
I dont think he should get thatjob
As you can see there are many different ways this sentence can be understood
The important point to remember is that the true meaning of the sentence is alsoexpressed though the stressed word or words
Another sentence
I said she might consider a new haircut
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Intonation & Stress
English is a stressed langue while many other languages are considered syllabic.
What does that Mean?
It means that, in English, we need to give stress to certain words while other words
are quickly spoken. Where as in other languages as French and Italian each
syllable is given equal importance.1. Many of the Indian speakers speak very fast & swallow number of words in
an sentence.
2. In syllable language each syllable has equal importance & therefore equal
time is needed, However in English language we need to spend more time on
specific stressed words while quickly gliding the other less important words.
Example: They can come on Friday (stressed words are Bold & colored)
But on the other hand if the sentence is in Negative then we need to stress on Cant
They cant come on Friday
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Guidelines:
Generally stressed words are considered as Content
Words such as:
Nouns e.g. Kitchen, Peter
(most) Principal verbs e.g. visit, construct
Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting
Adverbs e.g. often, carefully
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No stressed words are considered FunctionWords Such
as
Determiners e.g. the ,a, some, a few
Auxiliary verbs e.g. dont, am, can, were
Prepositions e.g. before, next to, opposite
Conjunction e.g. but, while, as
Pronouns e.g. they, she, us
Try listing to native English speakers , watch English news channels
& movies channel to pick up how they stress the words. Stressed
words are key to excellent pronunciation & Understanding of
English
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Idioms :
Idioms is a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of the language
It is an expression whose meaning is not compositional i.e. whose meaning does
not follow from the meaning of the individual words of which it is composed.
It refers to a grammatical construction unique to a certain people, region or calls
It cannot be translated laterally in to any other language
Examples:
Hammered meaning Drunk
Grunt workmeaning physically exhausting or repetitive work
Big Bucks meaning lots of money
BlownAway meaning surprised and amazed
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Can I be more Blunt means do you mind if I tell you exactly what I think?
Dropped the Ball meaning t fall when may people are expecting you to
succeed
Gave me the cold Shoulder meaning acted like he wasnt interested/like
me
Get a Gripmeaning dont get so upset, dont worry so much
Hit the Spot meaning to solve your problem exactly
He/She has got a Big mouth meaning He/She cant keep a secret
Cold Turkey meaning Completely eluded
Itsy-Bitsy meaning very small
Kinda Meaning Kind of or sort of
Take a Hike meaning Go away, get out of my face
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