What is Environment?What is Environment?MUHAMMAD FAHAD ANSARI

12IEEM 14

What is Environment?What is Environment?

Environment includes all the conditions, circumstances and influences surrounding and affecting the total organization or any of its parts.

Environment is surrounding atmosphere/ condition for existence“.

"Environment is an essential natural process or an outcome of occurrence“.

"Environment is of two types, one is negative and the other is positive”.

Continue Environment……Continue Environment……

Environment is generator: creation of life form is because of environment. Sun or moon, sea or earth, hot or cold and forests or desert etc. they together made an environment that is fit for our existence.

There are two different environments one is positive and the other one is negative, life forms in both namely, pests, insects and others are cold blooded have different conditions which suits them to survive that may not be suitable to us, both have own identities.

Most important factor is that negative positive factors have to join together to form an environment for example mother or father for birth of a child, negative or positive of energy for electricity. In the system of environment, both have integral role to play.

Environmental SegmentsEnvironmental Segments

LithosphereHydrosphereAtmosphereBiosphere

LithosphereLithosphere

The cover of rock constituting the earth’s crust is called “Lithosphere”.Soil and Rocks are the important part of lithosphere.

HydroshpereHydroshpere

It includes all the surface and groundwater resources e.g. Oceans,Seas, rivers, streams, Lakes, reservoirs, dams,Glaciers, polar ice caps and groundwater.

AtmosphereAtmosphereThe atmosphere comprises of mixtureof gases: Nitrogen, Oxygen, hydrogen etc.It extends up to 500kms, above the surface of earth.

BiosphereBiosphere

This is region of theEarth where life exits.It extending from about10 kms below the sea levels 6 kms above the sea levels.

What is pollution?What is pollution?What is pollution?What is pollution?

Introduction of pollutants into the environment which deteriorate the nature and harm living resources and ecosystems thereby endangering human health.

TYPES OFTYPES OF POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

NOISE

WATER

SOIL

AIR

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

LIGHT

RADIOACTIVE THERMAL

Origin of the word…”ecology”Origin of the word…”ecology”

Greek originOIKOS = householdLOGOS = study of…

Study of the “house/environment” in which we live.

EcologyEcology

Ecology is study of interactions Ecology is study of interactions betweenbetween

non-living components in the environment…◦ light ◦ water◦ wind◦ nutrients in soil◦ heat◦ solar radiation◦ atmosphere, etc.

AND…

Living organisms…◦Plants◦Animals◦microorganisms in soil, etc.

To study Ecology involves…To study Ecology involves…

For non-living (abiotic)◦Climatology◦Hydrology◦Oceanography◦Geology◦soil analysis, etc.

For living (biotic)

animal behavioretc.

AbioticBiotic

What is an ecosystem?What is an ecosystem?

System = regularly interacting and interdependent components forming a unified whole

Ecosystem = an ecological system;= a community and its physical environment treated together as a functional system

Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem ServicesThe human economy depends upon the services

performed for free by ecosystems. The ecosystem services supplied annually are

worth many trillions of dollars. Economic development that destroys habitats

and impairs services can create costs to humanity over the long term that may greatly exceed the short-term economic benefits of the development.

These costs are generally hidden from traditional economic accounting, but are nonetheless real and are usually borne by society at large.

Ecosystems:Ecosystems:Fundamental CharacteristicsFundamental Characteristics

Structure:◦ Living (biotic)◦ Nonliving (abiotic)

Process:◦ Energy flow◦ Cycling of matter ◦(chemicals)

Change:◦ Dynamic (not static)◦ Succession, etc.

Abiotic components:Abiotic components:

ABIOTIC components:Solar energy provides practically all the

energy for ecosystems.Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron,

tend to cycle through ecosystems.Organic compounds, such as proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids, and other complex molecules, form a link between biotic and abiotic components of the system.

BIOTIC componentsBIOTIC components

The biotic components of an ecosystem can be classified according to their mode of energy acquisition.

In this type of classification, there are: Autotrophs and HeterotrophsOrganisms that produce their own food

from an energy source, such as the sun, and inorganic compounds.

Organisms that consume other organisms as a food source.

The EndThe End