Post on 14-Apr-2018
transcript
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
1/43
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
2/43
Environment simply means surrounding
Environment means sum total of conditions
which surrounds man at a given point inspace and time.
With the advancement of society mans
environment surrounds with physical aspectsincluding earth, biotic communities andsocial aspects also.
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
3/43
Two main component of the environment
a.] Biotic [Biological aspects]
b.] Abiotic [ Physical aspects]
The third aspect is developed by man is
Cultural Environment
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
4/43
Environment
Physicalenvironment
CulturalEnvironment
Biologicalenvironment
Lithospheric
Atmospheric
Hydrospheric
Floral
Faunal
Microbial
Social
Economic
Political
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
5/43
PHYSICS
ECONOMICS
PHILOSOPHY
SOCIOLOGY
CHEMISTRY
COMPUTER
BIOLOGY
POLITICS
LAW
AGRICULTURE
EARTH
SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
6/43
Environmental Science is a inter-disciplinaryarea of study which includes the followingaspects
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
THEORETICAL ASPECTSIdentification of environmental
problems
APPLIED ASPECTSDeveloping solutions to the
problems
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
7/43
To maintain the quality of life Environment protection For social development Self preservation To understand food chains To maintain ecological balance To generate concern for environmental
changes Directs attention towards environmental
problems
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
8/43
A resource is anything we get fromenvironment
Natural environment such as land, water, airminerals, forest, grassland and wildlife all areresources.
Natural resources can be renewable or non-renewable.
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
9/43
Renewable resources are those resourceswhich are inexhaustible and hence canprovide continuous supply
Non- renewable resources are thoseresources which are exhaustible in nature andcan not be regenerated or if generated it
takes millions of years to develop.
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
10/43
Renewable resources
Solar energy wind Power
Waterresources
Geothermalenergy
BiogassForest
Resources
HydroelectricPower
Tidal Power
Soil resources
Land resources
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
11/43
Solar energy means electro magneticradiation from the sun.
Solar radiation felt on the earth mostly in theform of light and infrared rays.
Techniques used for trapping solar energyare
a.] solar heating
b.] Photovoltaic conversion- conversion ofsolar energy into electricity
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
12/43
Wind energy is used to create electricity byusing wind turbines
Wind energy is a function of wind speed
Wind speed increases with the height.
ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
Bird kills
Noise effect High cost involve
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
13/43
Tidal power is used to generate electricity bythe force of tides
Tidal power is tapped by placing a barrageacross an estuary and forcing the tidal flow topass through turbines
Two ways to generate electricity
One-way system
Two-way system
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
14/43
Disturbs the aquatic ecosystem Can destroy the habitats and nesting places
of water birds.
Interference with fisheries
Flow of polluted water creates healthproblems
High cost
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
15/43
GEO means earth and THERMAL means Heat Geothermal energy starts with hot, molten
rock called magma deep inside the earth.
The heat rising from magma warmsunderground pools of water know asgeothermal reservoirs.
Direct use of reservoirs as a deep well.
It also helps to form gaysers
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
16/43
Geothermal reservoirs contains minerals thatare corrosive and polluted
Geothermal fluids are a problem whichrequire treatment before use.
Geothermal reservoirs are sometimes
available in a hard form.
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
17/43
This uses water flowing down a naturalgradient to turn turbines to generateelectricity
ADVANTAGES Long life of hydropower plant
Very low operating and maintenance cost
Absence of inflationary pressure
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
18/43
To produce hydroelectric power, large areasof forest and agricultural lands aresubmerged
Conflicts over land
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
19/43
Biogas is produced from plant material,animal waste, garbage, waste fromhouseholds and some types of industrialwastes such as fish processing, dairies and
sewage treatment plants It is a mixture of gases and includes
methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphideand water vapor
It is the best way of using gas as a fuel
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
20/43
Forest are complex ecosystem which includessoil, fungi, bacteria, herbs, insects, birds,animals and many other organisms
Important functions of Forest Watershed protection [reducing surface run
off, floods]
Atmospheric regulation[absorption of solar heat, maintaining level ofcarbon dioxide]
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
21/43
Erosion control [holding soil]
Land bank [maintaining soil nutrients andstructure]
Local use [food, timber]
Medicine plants
Fuel wood
Provide habitat
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
22/43
Water resources includes all the sources ofwater including atmospheric water, lakes,ponds, river and sea water
USES OF WATER Drinking, cooking and washing
Domestic uses
Agriculture and irrigation
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
23/43
Aqua culture and fisheries
Waste disposal for natural self- purification
Power generation
Ecological conservation
Recreation
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
24/43
Soil is an important resource of thelithosphere
Plants takes all the nutrients for their growthfrom soil only
Owing to the porosity and water holding
capacity of soil, it provides water supply tothe plants even when land surface is dry
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
25/43
NON-RENEWABLERESOURCES
COAL OIL
MINERALSNUCLEAR
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
26/43
Coal is combustible solid, it usually formedby the burial of partial decomposedvegetation in the pass geological ages
IMPACTS ON ENVIORNMENT Burning coal produces oxides of sulphur and
nitrogen which combines with water and leadto acid rain
Kills forest vegetation Pollute water Affects human health
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
27/43
Indias oil reserves which are being used atpresent, lie off the coast of Mumbai and inAssam.
IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT Accidental fire
Water Pollution
Refining process of oil generates grease andsalt which also damages environment
Air Pollution
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
28/43
The nuclear rectors use Uranium to produceelectricity.
Uranium is made into rod that are fitted intoa nuclear reactor
The control rods absorb neutrons and adjustthe fission, which releases energy due to thechain reaction in a reactor unit
The heat energy produced in the reaction isused to heat water and produce steam, whichdrives turbines and produce electricity
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
29/43
Reaction release very hot water and disturbsthe aquatic ecosystem
Very high cost involved
Air pollution
Skin diseases
Adverse effect on crop productivity
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
30/43
Non- renewable minerals are present in earthcrust and soil
Formation of minerals takes placepredominantly in weak zone like mountains,faulted regions, lakes and continental shelvesthrough geological processes
Minerals present in the soil develops theproductivity of the soil
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
31/43
Consumption of renewable
resourcesState of environment Sustainability
More than nature's ability to replenishEnvironmental
degradationNot sustainable
Equal to nature's ability to replenish Environmental equilibrium Steady state economy
Less than nature's ability to replenish Environmental renewalEnvironmentally
sustainable
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
32/43
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
33/43
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
34/43
It emphasizes that in sustainabledevelopment everyone is a user and providerof information
It stresses the need to change from oldsector-centered ways of doing business tonew approaches
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
35/43
Social sustainability derives that every personon the earth should use the resources in sucha manner that it could save some part for thenew generation
It emphasizes on the view of better quality oflife for all people of society
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
36/43
It emphasizes the view of sustainable use ofall resources
Use of pesticides and other chemicals whichwill not harm the environment in any mannershould me used
long term wellbeing of environment practicesshould be used
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
37/43
Sustainable agriculture may be defined asconsisting of environmentally-friendlymethods of farming that allow the productionof crops or livestock without damage to
human or natural systems. It include preventing adverse effects to soil,
water, biodiversity, surrounding ordownstream resources - as well as to thoseworking on the farm
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
38/43
1.] Agro forestry A narrow definition of agro forestry is "trees on
farms
Agro forestry is an integrated approach of usingthe interactive benefits from combining trees andshrubs with crops and/or livestock.
It combines agricultural and forestry
technologies to create more diverse, productive,profitable, healthy, and sustainable land-usesystems. .
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
39/43
It means managing a mix of different crops or
animals.
The best known form of mixing occurs probablywhere crop residues are used to feed the animals
and the excreta from animals are used asnutrients for the crop
It depends on external and internal factors.External factors like Weather Patterns, MarketPrices, Political Stability and TechnologicalDevelopment, Internal factors relate to Local SoilCharacteristics
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
40/43
The process of growing two or more crops in the
same piece of land, during the same season is calledMultiple Cropping
It can be rightly called a form of Polyculture
It can be
(a) Double Cropping (the practice where the secondcrop is planted after the first has been harvested)
(b) Relay Cropping (the practice where a second cropis started along with the first one, before it isharvested).
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
41/43
The process of growing two or more unrelatedcrops in the same piece of land in differentseasons is known as Crop Rotation
ADVANTAGES (a) Avoid the build up of pests
(b) The replenishment of nitrogen through theuse of green manure in sequence with cerealsand other crops
(c) Improve soil structure and fertility byalternating deep-rooted and shallow-rootedplants
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
42/43
Objectives of conservation of natural resources To maintain the essential ecological processes i.e.
food chain recycling and the life support system soil, air, water, pond, plants, animals
To ensure the availability and sustainability ofresources
survival of all species in a healthy and easy manner
To preserve the diversity at the specific habitat levels.
d d kl
7/28/2019 Environmental Mgmt Unit 1
43/43
Using drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigationsystems water lawns
Treating water to be provided for irrigationpurpose
Water to be used carefully and economically
for domestically for domestic and industrial
Using alternative source of energy
Taking care in using fuels
Avoiding wastage of energy