Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
EPA Tier 4 / EU Stage IV - Technical OverviewSept 2009
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• Clean Diesel Exhaust requirements are dramatic
• Technology hurdles to meet the regulations
• Cost to the OEM, Cost to the Rental Channel, Cost to the end user.
Regulatory Background
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4i
Tier 4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
2
4
6
8
10
12
14NOx[g/kWh]
PM[g/kWh]
1998 - 2000
2011 - 20132008
2004 - 2005
Pre 1998
2014 - 2015
Particulate Matter (Soot)
NO
x (N
itro
us
Oxi
des
)
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Technology Solutions
TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION IMPACT
Digital Electronic Engine controls Cost and interface with machine controls
EGR- Exhaust Gas recirculation. The re-combustion of exhaust
Higher heat rejection, Larger cooling system, EGR valve maintenance, oil cooled engine obsolete. Cost.
DPF- Diesel Particulate Filter. Traps soot and periodically burns soot into ash
High exhaust temperature, 5000 hr filter maintenance. Cost.
SCR- Selective Catalyst Reduction. Chemically treats exhaust
Urea (SCR fluid) tank, Urea fluid infrastructure, maintenance. Cost.
Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Available now in US, Canada, Europe, Japan, etc.
Not available in lesser regulated countries (Mexico, Brazil, China, Eastern Europe)
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• Customers have to fill up with fuel and Diesel Exhaust Fluid (2 separate tanks)
• Probably close to oil change interval.
• Limp home mode.
Special fuel required. Will be an issue outside of US and EU.
Impact of EGR and SCR on End User
Fuel
Larger cooling capacity required
EGR SCR
DEF
Oil-cooled obsolete
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EGR crossover tube
EGR valve
Crankcase BreatherEGR cooler
EGR New Components
Space consumedMaintenance required
Tier 3 Tier 4
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DPF + SCR + EGR CoolerDPF Only DPF + EGR Cooler
DPF and SCR Space Requirements
•Engine size and Implementation Schedule affects technology solutions•Larger Engines will require DPF + SCR + EGR•Small engines may only require DPF
•These components must fit in the engine compartment
Urea Tank
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Timing and Possible Solutions
HP Band Product Year Possible Solutions
>174 Hp Generators 180 - 360 kW 2011 EGR+DPF+SCR
75-173 Hp Generators 70 - 120 kW
Large Telehandlers
2012 EGR+DPF
25-75 Hp
(NA 25-48 only, EU already compliant)
Generators 30 – 50 kW
Light towers
Booms and Scissors
Small Telehandlers
2013 EGR+DPF
>174 Hp Generators 180 - 360 kW 2014 EGR+DPF+SCR+ ???
75-173 Hp Generators 70 - 120 kW
Large Telehandlers
2015 EGR+DPF+SCR
Gasoline engines No requirements
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Summary
• Tier 4 is a game changing event for off road equipment
• Engine solutions in the future will be much different than today
• Terex is working now to partner with the engine supplier that provides the best overall value proposition.• Performance
• Quality/Reliability
• World wide support
• Emissions Technology
Thank You for your business
1010
3.5/0.19 /3.5 /0.04
Appendix:
EPA Tier 4 Phase-in Time Line – 40CFR 1039.102
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3.5/0.19 /3.5 /0.04
Appendix:
EU Stage 4 Phase-in Time Line – Directives 97/68 and 2004/26 EC
EU/ECE Off-Road Diesel Engines Emissions Standards and Phase-in Time LineDirectives 97/68/EC and 2004/26/EC
Market Placement Timetable
kW HP 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
19 - 37 25 - 50
37 - 56 50 - 75
56 - 75 75 - 100
75 - 130 100 - 174
130 - 560 174 - 750
> 560 > 750
Stage I (NOx + HC)/PM
Stage II NOx/PM
Stage IIIA
Stage IIIB Engine power is always greater than, or equal to, the lower bound and strictly less than the upper bound
Stage IV
(7.5)/0.6
(4.0)/0.3
(4.0/0.2)
0.4/0.025
2.0/0.025
(4.7)/0.4(4.7/0.025)
3.3/0.025