Epidemiology of Locomotor Disorders Dr. Abdelmageed Osman Associate Prof. Community Medicine.

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Epidemiology of Locomotor Disorders

Dr. Abdelmageed OsmanAssociate Prof. Community Medicine

Main Locomotor Disorders

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

• Osteoarthritis of the knee,

• Low Backache (LBP or LBA)

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Introduction

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic auto-immune disease.

• The arthritis usually begins in the small joints of the hands and the feet, spreading later to the larger joints

The Problem of RA

• The incidence and prevalence of RA rises with increasing age until 70, then declines.

• Around twice as many women as men are affected.

• The prevalence of classical RA is <1 % but it is a serious cause of disability.

• The prevalence of RA is generally lower in tropical countries

Disabilities due RA

• Disability rate is of 25% within the first three years for RA patients

• 40% over the first five years of having RA.

• After 10 years with RA, > 40 % of patients are no longer able to work.

Osteoarthritis

Introduction to Osteoarthritis

• The most common is the knee osteoarthritis

• Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease• It is the most prevalent form of arthritis • It is the major cause of disability in people

aged 65 and older.

The main signs are pain, stiffness, decreasing range of motion and muscle weakness and atrophy

Risk Factors• Age: > 65• Gender (more common among women)• Genetic Factors (major ) • Bone Density• Nutritional Factors: (↓ intake of vitamins C & D)• Obesity (as a local process and systemically)• Joint immobilization• Excessive exercise • Joint injuries• Occupational Factors

Epidemiology of fractures related to osteoporosis

Introduction

• Almost all fractures are osteoporotic

• The risk of fracture increases as bone density decreases

• The most common osteoporosis fracture is the hip fracture.

• Hip fracture risk rises dramatically from the decade of the 70th and thereafter

• Age > 65• Women have a higher risk of fractures than

men. • A history of prior fractures • Patients presenting with hip fractures are

several times more likely to have had 1 or more vertebral fractures

Prevention of Hip Fractures

• Prevention should begin in childhood with healthy life style

• awareness (health education)• Attitude modification• Environmental modification

Epidemiology of Low Backache Pain

• Low back pain (lumbago) is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting 80% of people at some point in their lives

• it is the most common cause of job-related (occupational) disability,

• It is a leading contributor to missed work, and the second most common neurological ailment (only headache is more common).

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• The majority of lower back pain stems from benign musculoskeletal problems

• It is commonly due to muscle or soft tissues sprain or strain, particularly in instances where pain arose suddenly during physical loading of the back, with the pain lateral to the spine

• 60 – 90% of adults experience LBP at some point in their life.

• incidence age 35- 55 years• 7% become chronic• M/ F equally affected• With surgery, no earlier return to work –

symptomatic and functional outcome is better• Herniation of a disc is one of the

complications of LBP

Herniated Discs - only about 10% considered for surgery after 6 weeks

Prevention

• Ergonomics: Adjustment of Man & Machine)• Awareness• Exercise• Cessation of smoking• Weight control

Thank You• The seminar:– Accidents:

• Talal• Ahmed Noor• Alaa Abdelmageed

– Artificial limbs:• Ibrahim Husein• Abdalla Mahmoud• Islamia

– Demonstration of artificial limbs (Artificial Limbs Department – contact Yasir Abuzaid)

Thank u

Epidemiology of Locomotor Disorders Dr. Abdelmageed Osman Associate Prof. Community Medicine.

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