Post on 04-Jun-2018
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COGENERATIVE SYSTEMTO IMPROVE THEPERFORMANCE IN SUGAR
INDUSTRIES
By,
Divya P S
Harish S
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What isCogeneration?
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ogeneration(also combined heat andpower, HP) is the use of a heat engine ora power station to simultaneously
generate both electricity and useful heat.
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All thermal power plants emit a certain
amount of heat during electricity generation.
This can be released into the natural
environment through cooling towers, flue gas, or
by other means.
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By contrast, CHP captures some or all of the by-
product heat for heating purposes, either very close tothe plant, or hot water for district heating with
temperatures ranging from approximately 80 to
130 C.
This is also called ombined Heat and PowerDistrict Heating or HPDH.
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By-product heat at moderate temperatures (212-
356F/100-180C) can also be used in absorptionchillers for cooling.
A plant producing electricity, heat and cold is
sometimes called trigenerationor more generallypolygenerationplant.
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Cogeneration is a thermodynamically efficient use of
fuel. In separate production of electricity, some energymust be rejected as waste heat, but in cogeneration this
thermal energy is put to good use.
Cogeneration is still common in pulp and paper mills,refineries and chemical plants.
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What is the need for o g e n e r a t i o ni n S u g a r I n d u s t r i e s ?
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Sugarcane is an Energy Crop and contains about 4500 MJ energy per ton cane in
which about 1800 MJ is lost in the boiler flue gas and about 750 MJ heat energy is
dissipated to atmosphere through the cooling tower / spray pond.
Energy spend for the production of sugar is about three times of energy in sugar.
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Agro-waste and agro industrial products have today been recognized as
modern bio-mass material which can be converted directly into useful forms
of energy.
Bio-mass has the crucial advantage of being environment friendly.
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Bagasse is a captive bio-mass.
In India, there are 478 sugar mills of varying crushing capacity ranging from a
critical period because of over-production, low sugar price, low international market,
etc., can enhance revenue by co -generation.
So Co-Generation would benefit both the nation and the industry.
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The energy requirements in a sugar mill are in the form of steam for
process heating/turbo drives and electricity for running various drives.
The sugar industry has the unique advantage of utilizing a captive fuel-
bagasse, to meet its energy requirements.
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However, depending upon various factors like fibre content in the cane,
quantity of juice, type of clarification process and evaporation effects, type of
prime movers (steam driven or electric driven) etc., some sugar mills
produce a small quantity of surplus bagasse while others are deficient by a
small quantity.
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These mills, therefore, have to depend in a very limited way on external fuels like
fuel oil, coal etc. to supplement their energy requirements.
Likewise, some sugar mills during the season can produce a little surplus power
while others would be deficient in power by a small margin and hence the dependence
on grid power is minimal.
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The major reason for the high energy consumption in the industry is the presence
of large number of old small capacity sugar mills which have not invested much over
the years in modernizing or upgrading various process equipment.
Apart from improving the end use efficiency in the plants, the other most
promising energy conservation measure for the industry is to set up high-pressure
cogeneration systems.
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Ways of og e n e r a t i o n in S u g a rI n d u s t r i e s
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Steam Engine/ S team Turb ine
based
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Gas Turb ine based
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Rec i p ro c a t i ng Eng ine Gene r a t o r b a s ed
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Convention vs. Cogeneration
In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler
to generate high-pressure steam which is used to drive a
turbine, which in turn drives an alternator through a
steam turbine to produce electrical power.
The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water
which goes back to the boiler.
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As the low-pressure steam has a large quantum of heat which is
lost in the process of condensing, the efficiency of conventional
power plants is only around 35%.
In a cogeneration plant, very high efficiency levels, in the range
of 75%90%, can be reached, because the low-pressure exhaust
steam coming out of the turbine is not condensed, but used for
heating purposes in factories or houses.
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References
http://eeii.org.in/index.php?option=content&task=viewtheme&sid=72&Itemid=43
http://www.tesplcogen.com/cogeneration-systems-for-sugar-industry.html
http://www.winrock.org/Clean_Energy/files/Advancing_cogeneration.pdf
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/773/1/JSIR%2067%283%29%20%282008%29%
20239-242.pdf
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/SGS-
UKL1200599187.35/ReviewInitialComments/0EHRTI99IZO2F5EQWTHOTGXDFEKW14
http://www.princeton.edu/pei/energy/publications/texts/International-Sugar-Journal.pdf
http://www.indiansugar.com/Cogeneration.aspx
http://www.indiansugar.com/PDFS/Cogenerators.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org
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