Post on 11-Jun-2018
transcript
Electronic Supplemental Material (ESM) for “Imitation is necessary for cumulative cultural evolution in an unfamiliar, opaque task”
Human Nature 25(1), doi: 10.1007/s12110-014-9192-5
Helen Wasielewski, Rutgers University, Email: helen.wasielewski@rutgers.edu
ContentsESM 1: Measures of success of clay and reed devices across generations....................................1
ESM 2: Summary of device performance per generation.................................................................31
ESM 3: Examples of devices................................................................................................................32
ESM 4: Cultural accumulation results for groups of size 3-10: Page’s L trend test.......................33
ESM 1: Measures of success of clay and reed devices across generations, for every group in the dataset.
Created in MS Word with graphs imported from SPSS
Groups of Ten, Asocial Condition:
1
Groups of Ten, End-product Condition:
2
Groups of Ten, Action Condition:
3
Groups of Ten, End-product and Action Condition:
4
Groups of Nine, End-product Condition:
Groups of Nine, Action Condition:
5
Groups of Nine, End-product and Action Condition:
6
Groups of Eight, End-product Condition:
7
Groups of Eight, Action Condition
8
Groups of Eight, End-product and Action Condition:
9
Groups of Seven, Asocial Condition:
10
Groups of Seven, End-product Condition:
11
Groups of Seven, Action Condition:
12
Groups of Seven, End-product and Action Condition:
13
Groups of Six, Asocial Condition:
14
Groups of Six, Asocial Condition, Continued:
15
Groups of Six, End-product Condition:
16
Groups of Six, Action Condition:
17
Groups of Six, End-product and Action Condition:
18
Groups of Five, Asocial Condition:
19
Groups of Five, End-product Condition:
20
Groups of Five, Action Condition:
Groups of Five, End-product and Action Condition:
21
Groups of Four, Asocial Condition:
22
Groups of Four, End-product Condition:
23
Groups of Four, Action Condition:
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Groups of Four, End-product and Action Condition:
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Groups of Three, Asocial Condition:
26
Groups of Three, End-product Condition:
Groups of Three, End-product and Action Condition:
27
Groups of Two, Asocial Condition:
Groups of Two, Action Condition:
28
Groups of Two, End-product and Action Condition:
29
Groups of One, Asocial Condition:
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Position in Chain Position in Chain
Position in Chain
Position in Chain
Position in Chain
ESM 2: Summary of device performance per generation
The n-values indicate where the chain has been truncated.
Mean Number of Weights Held by Device
ConditionReplicates and Group size
First Generation (Position 1)M (SD)
Second Generation(Position 2)M (SD)
Third Generation(Position 3)M (SD)
Fourth Generation(Position 4)M (SD)
Fifth Generation (Position 5)M (SD)
LastGeneration (Positions 6 -10)M (SD)
End-product k = 15, n = 6 6.53 (8.37) 10.07 (16.01) 11.20 (15.21) 5.87 (5.41) 7.67 (11.93) 6.00 (4.77)
k = 12, n = 7 7.67 (9.05) 12.25 (17.32) 10.17 (14.49) 5.92 (5.79) 7.92 (13.34) 5.17 (6.28)
k = 8, n = 8 6.38 (3.89) 14.50 (20.54) 14.00 (16.54) 4.88 (3.56) 5.63 (5.88) 4.38 (3.78)
k = 5, n = 9 6.80 (3.11) 12.80 (18.13) 20.80 (17.99) 4.20 (1.48) 7.20 (7.19) 2.60 (2.61)
k = 3, n = 10 7.00 (2.65) 19.33 (22.28) 14.33 (18.93) 4.00 (2.00) 5.00 (3.61) 1.33 (0.58)
Action k = 18, n = 6 2.67 (4.24) 5.61 (7.29) 7.11 (12.42) 7.39 (6.02) 4.56 (4.61) 7.78 (8.72)
k = 12, n = 7 2.17 (3.13) 4.83 (6.66) 8.83 (14.65) 9.25 (6.41) 5.50 (5.25) 6.00 (6.48)
k = 10, n = 8 2.40 (3.37) 5.50 (7.12) 10.10 (15.84) 7.40 (4.79) 6.10 (5.55) 5.20 (6.41)
k = 5, n = 9 0.20 (0.48) 3.00 (2.65) 15.80 (21.58) 8.40 (6.23) 5.40 (3.91) 11.40 (12.30)
k = 4, n = 10 0.25 (0.50) 2.00 (1.63) 8.00 (14.67) 7.75 (6.99) 6.00 (4.24) 2.75 (1.71)
End-product and Action
k = 15, n = 6 2.73 (3.54) 8.93 (16.43) 4.40 (2.82) 9.67 (13.37) 7.87 (10.00) 10.33 (11.95)
k = 13, n = 7 2.92 (3.77) 10.23 (17.36) 4.62 (2.96) 11.08 (13.87) 8.62 (10.56) 12.00 (11.16)
k = 9, n = 8 3.56 (4.39) 10.89 (20.82) 4.56 (2.83) 8.56 (2.83) 5.67 (5.98) 6.89 (2.76)
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k = 6, n = 9 4.50 (4.93) 14.17 (25.50) 4.67 (3.45) 8.50 (13.11) 3.50 (1.98) 5.50 (3.56)
k = 4, n = 10 2.75 (3.40) 20.00 (30.78) 4.75 (4.27) 2.75 (4.86) 3.25 (1.89) 2.00 (1.83)
Asocial k = 13, n = 6 5.92 (5.89) 2.23 (1.83) 4.23 (5.86) 5.92 (8.35) 4.69 (3.88) 4.15 (4.91)
k = 3, n = 7 8.00 (10.39) 2.00 (1.73) 6.00 (6.00) 13.67 (15.14) 4.33 (4.16) 2.00 (2.00)
k = 2, n = 8 11.00 (12.73) 1.50 (2.12) 9.00 (4.24) 17.00 (19.80) 5.00 (5.66) 10.00 (0.0)
k = 2, n = 9 11.00 (12.73) 1.50 (2.12) 9.00 (4.24) 17.00 (19.80 5.00 (5.66) 2.00 (0.0)
k = 2, n = 10 11.00 (12.73) 1.50 (2.12) 9.00 (4.24) 17.00 (19.80) 5.00 (5.66) 8.50 (9.19)
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ESM 3: Examples of devices
Highly Successful Devices
(> 95th percentile)
Average Devices
(held 6 weights)
Unsuccessful Devices
(no weights held)
47 weights
32 weights
41 weights
27 weights
33
ESM 4: Cultural accumulation results for groups of size 3-10: Page’s L trend test
Group Size Condition Number of Chains L Critical L p
3 or more End-product k = 23 284 288 .119Action k = 22 270 275 .183End-product and Action k = 21 262 263 .061
Asocial k = 26 310 324 .3904 or more End-product k = 21 534 547 .248
Action k = 22 578 573 .019End-product and Action k = 20 532 522 .006
Asocial k = 21 532 547 .2985 or more End-product k = 18 822 846 .286
Action k = 20 947 937 .018End-product and Action k = 17 808 800 .019
Asocial k = 17 775 800 .3146 or more End-product k = 15 1106 1153 .454
Action k = 18 1395 1378 .015End-product and Action k = 15 1167 1153 .017
Asocial k = 13 962 1003 .4097 or more End-product k = 12 1330 1410 .362
Action k = 12 1407 1410 .056End-product and Action k = 13 1557 1525 .007
Asocial k = 3 337 370 .4808 or more End-product k = 8 1257 1371 .193
Action k = 10 1649 1703 .282End-product and Action k = 9 1563 1537 .014
Asocial k = 2 336 362 .2979 or more End-product k = 5 1011 1204 .984
Action k = 5 1228 1204 .015End-product and Action k = 6 1449 1436 .028
Asocial k = 2 442 500 .39510 or more End-product k = 3 767 987 .997
Action k = 4 1318 1301 .025End-product and Action k = 4 1247 1301 .251
Asocial k = 2 594 670 .389
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