Post on 30-Dec-2015
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7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 LumbarSacrum: 5 FusedSacral Vertebrae)
Coccyx: 3-5Coccygeal Vertebrae
IntervertebralDisks
IntervertebralFormina
Intervertebral Disks
Shock absorption Amphiarthrodial joints between vertebrae Disk injuries – bending forward → nucleus
pulposus is displaced backwards Disk degeneration
Stress loading → reduction in disk thickness → loosening of longitudinal ligaments → increased movement
Decreased thickness → narrowing of vertebral foramen → pain, inflammation, poor nutrition
Both of above cause back pain
Vertebral Column
FunctionsSupport body weightProtect the spinal cordProvide mobility
Abnormal curvaturesKyphosis: thoracic & sacralLordosis: cervical, pelvic & lumbarScoliosis: lateral deviation(s)
Biomechanics of Breathing
Visualize a bucket handle
External intercostals and sternocleidomastoids – elevate ribs – inspiration
Internal intercostals – depress ribs - expiration