Essence Of Containerizati on 230508

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Essence of ContainerizationContainerizationContainerContainer SystemOperation SitesMethodologyEquipmentImport / Export CycleTracking and Security Container Management Info. System (CMIS)Future

Containerization

1. Purpose / Philosophy

2. Evolution / History

3. Advantages

Containerization

3. Advantages

Categories of Sea CargoLiquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: CoventionalContainer

Categories of Sea Cargo

Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: ConventionalContainer

Categories of Sea CargoLiquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: ConventionalContainer

Categories of Sea Cargo

Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General:

Conventional/BreakbulkContainer

General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive

Time Consuming

Cost – ineffective

UnitizationPalletization

Jumboization

Containerization

General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive

Time Consuming

Cost – ineffective

JumboizationJumboization

Containerization

Jumboization

Containerization

Jumboization

Containerization

Jumboization

Containerization

Philosophy of Containerisation

To reduce to absolute minimum the number of times a piece of cargo is handled

Containerization

3. Advantages

Evolution / History of Containerisation

Rail Container – 1920Sea/ Marine Container – 2nd World WarMalcom Maclean – SealandFirst Sea Container Transportation – 1956Piggy back system on RORODedicted Container Ship----1966

Containerization

3. Advantages

ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION1. Reduced ship time in Port2. Better berth utilization3. Reduced time between producer and

consumer4. Minimum physical handling of cargo – less

damage5. Good security – less pilferage6. Protection against weather and other

harmful atmosphere7. Less labour & staff cost8. Saving in packaging cost

Container

Definition

Physical Characteristics

Container : DefinitionRectangular Box

Weatherproof

Safe and Secure

Standardized features

CONTAINERPhysical Characteristics

1. Types

2. Size – Weight

3. Markings

4. Construction Material

Container Types1. Dry General2. Open Top3. Open Sided4. Open Top-open Sided5. Reefer6. Special

• Tank• Pen• Car

Container SizeLENGTH : 20 FT

WIDTH : 8 FT

HEIGHT : 8 FT 6 INCH9 FT9 FT 6 INCH

Container Weight

1. Tare Weight : 1.5 to 2.5 tons

2. Max Gross Weight : 20 to 45 tons

3. Pay Load : 18 to 42 tons

Container Markings

ALPHA NUMERICAL MARK

APLU 204151 2

Agent Code Serial Number Check Digit

On All Sides

Except Bottom

Container MaterialSteel

Aluminum

FRP / Plywood

CONTAINER SYSTEM1. Ship operation

2. Quay operation

3. Yard operation

4. R & D operation

Terminal

Off Terminal

Container Cycle

Ship Operation Quay Operation

Yard Operation

Ship OperationAim : To turnaround the vessel at the

quickest possible time.

Key TasksInterpreting / making Bay PlanNo. of cranes to be mobilized Discharging / Loading sequenceAllocating jobs to Crane

20 feet Bays

40 feet Bays

20 – 40 feet bays

Row Numbering

Tier Numbering

Odd Bay Numbering

Even Bay Numbering

Quay Operation

Aim: To keep pace with Ship Operation

Key Tasks

Determining no. of prime movers

Assigning PM/Straddle Carriers to ind. Cranes.

Yard OperationAim: Receiving / Despatching containers

sequentially and quickly

Key TasksPlanning storageYard AddressOrder of stackingDetermining and allocating yard

equipments

Receipt / Delivery Operation

Key Tasks

•Receipt of Loaded Export Containers

•Receipt of loose export cargo and stuffing

•Delivery of import cargo alongwith container

•Delivery of import cargo in loose form after destuffing

CONTAINER SYSTEM FACILITIESA : TERMINAL

Quay or Berth Quay Apron or Wharf Yard Control Centre Gate

Types of Container TerminalFeeder

Mainline

Feeder Terminal Definition: Where vessels directly calling at

POD/POO cannot be supported and so containers have to be handled through smaller vessels for connecting to mother vessels calling at other

ports/terminalsCharacteristics

Shallow berth – less then 10 m draft Low volume Poor/inadequate

infrastructure/equipment Low productivity

Mainline Terminal Definition: Where vessels calling directly at

POD/POO can be serviced Characteristics

Modestly high draft – 12 m Quay length – upto 300 m Good productivity – 50-70 moves/vessel

hour Sufficient exchange per call

HUB TerminalDefinition: Where mega ships (more than

6000 tues) with container for several ports can be serviced

Characteristics Draft more than 14.5 m Quay length in excess of 330 m Equipped with many high capability quay cranes Large backup area (yard) – more than 10000 tue

cap. Good hinterland connectivity Productivity in excess of 120 moves/hour

Receipt / Delivery Operation Sites

Container Freight Station

Inland Container Depot

Container Freight Station (CFS)To provide place for storing import/export

FCL containers

To provide facilities for completing customs/documentation formalities before delivery/shipment

To destuff LCL import containers and to provide space for their storage before delivery

To receive and consolidate individual export consignments and stuff them as LCL cargo

Definition of FCL/LCL

FCL : Full Container Load

LCL : Less than Container Load

Container Freight StationFeatures

YardShed : Ramp / PlinthReefer pointsDocumentation centreGate

Loose gen cargo.jpg

Inland Container Depot (ICD)Similar to CFS but at upcountry / hinterlandAlso called Dry portFirst in Bangalore in 1981Today 55 ICDsAnother 25 expectedShare of ICD Containers is 30%Expected to increase to 40%Development of Delhi Freight Corridor

Delhi Fright CorridorDelhi – HowrahDelhi – Mumbai (JNPT)

Via Ahemadabad – PallanpurVia Kota – Ratlam

Estimated Cost : Rs. 12000 croreDouble lineDouble stack with welled wagons

CONTAINER METHODOLOGYSystems for terminal operation

1. Chassis Stand Alone

2. Straddle Carrier Stand Alone

3. Straddle Carrier – Tractor / Trailer

4. Transtainer – Tractor / Trailer

5. Front Loader

Handling Systems ComparisonParameter Chassis Straddle Carrier Transtainer

Space Requirement Very Large Medium Small

Cost High Moderate Medium

Manning Level More men / low skill

Less men / High skill More men / Medium skill

Selectivity Very good Medium Low

Quay crane efficiency

Low Very good Bad

Container damage Very Low High Medium

Maintenance Very low Very high Low

Computerisations Limited Medium High

Container EquipmentRail mounted Quay Gantry Crane

Straddle Carrier

Transtainer : RTG / RMGC

Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT

Spreader

Straddle Carrier

Spreader

Straddle Carrier

Spreader

Straddle Carrier

Spreader

CONTAINER EQUIPMENT

SPREADER

1. Manual

2. Semi – automatic

3. Automatic

Documents required - Application with vessel details

Registration of Vessel at PortAgencies involved - Shipping Agent, PortDocuments required - Application for registration, Ship Registry, P & I Cover, Safety Mngt. Certificate,

Documents generated - Berthing slip.

CONTAINER OPERATION - EXPORT CYCLE

Request for berthing of vesselAgencies involved - Shipping Agent, PortDocuments required - Berthing application, PDRs for berth hire and stevedoring, certified hazardous cargo list.

Documents required - Check list, Invoice/Purhcase order, Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Custom, PortFilling of Shipping Bill at Custom and Carting of Cargo/Container

Application for Rotation No.Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Customs

Movement of container to Terminal

Agencies involved - Concor, Port, Shipping Agent, CustomDocuments required - Train Summery, Shipping Bill

Receipt of containers at CFS/RCD

Documents required - Application for port clearance to customs,application to Sr. Dock Master for unberthing.

Agencies involved - Port's transporter, Port, Shipping Agent, Customs.Documents required - Load list.Documents generated - Tally sheet, Bay plan, Stowage plan.

Unberthing and sailing of vessel.

Movement from Terminal to Shipside

Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Custom

Documents required - Load list, Shipping Bill

Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Customs.

Agencies involved - Port Transporters, Shipping Agent.Documents required - Load list.Documents generated - Gate pass.

Shipment of containers on vessel

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.

Discharging of import container and storage at CY.

Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Port payment receipts for containers.Documents generated - Vessel working permission.

Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Custom, PortDocuments required - Hard and soft copy of IGM.

Submission of Advance List, IGM and advance payment of container charges Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port

Registration of Vessel at PortAgencies involved - Ship Agent, PortDocuments required - Application for registration, Ship Registry, P & I Cover, Safety Mngt. Certificate,

Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) at Port.

CONTAINER OPERATION - IMPORT CYCLE

Application for Rotation No.Agencies involved - Ship Agent, CustomsDocuments required - Application with vessel details

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port.

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.

Berthing of Vessel

Documents required - ISPS declaration, copy of P & I cover, application to Sr. Dock Master.

Discharging of import container and storage at Pre-stack / CY.

Movement from CFS/RCD

Despatch of ICD containers by Rail Delivery of container/cargo from CFS

Movement to CFS/RCDAgencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents, Customs

Documents required : Advance list, Customs permission, Documents generated - Yard Tally sheet, Gate Pass

Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents,Customs, Concor

Documents required : SMTP, Railway indent

Documents generated : Wagon loading sheet

Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents,Customs, Importer

Documents required : Bill of Lading, Bill of Entry

Documents generated : Gate Pass

Container Management Information System (CMIS)Necessary for :PlanningOperationsMonitoringTrackingBillingQuery

Container Management Information System (CMIS)Kinds of information:Vessels relatedContainer relatedCargo relatedEquipment related

Tracking

T CardBatch ModeReal Time / OnlineBar CodeRFIDGPS

Security & SurveillanceSeal :

StripBottleE: RFIDAccess Control : Biometrics:fingerprint/

handgeometry/CC TV Eye:retinal/irisProtocol :

I S P S

Scanner:X-ray/gamma

Containerisation : FutureContainer Volume:

Year Global Indian

1980 20 0.1

2000 230 2.0

2005 330 5.5

2010 420 10.0

2020 700 20.0

CAGR 6% 15%

(in M tues)

Containerisation : FutureContainer ship size

Year Generation Type of ship Cap. In tues

1980 1st Semi contr, roro, Cellular

upto 750

1985 2nd Dedicated cellular 750 - 1500

1990 3rd Sub panamax 1500-3000

1995 4th Panamax 3000-5000

2000 5th Post panamax 5000-6000

2005 6th Super post panamax 6000-7500

2010 Above 6th ULCS / Mega Above 7500

Container: Future

Container productivity

Year Crane/hour Vessel/hour

1998 18 30

2000 20 40

2002 22 60

2004 28 80

2006 32 100

2010 40 150

(No.of moves)

Container: FutureContainer crane outreach

Year Across

1980 9

1990 13

1995 15

2000 19

2005 22

2010 25

Potential Indian Container PortsWest CoastJNPTMundraEast CoastVizag South CoastChennaiVallarpadam