Post on 27-Mar-2015
transcript
Essential QuestionEssential Question
What was the impact of What was the impact of the Cold War on the Cold War on
American society?American society?
West GermanyWest Germany
GB, US, FR GB, US, FR sectors sectors attempted to attempted to unite into one unite into one governmentgovernment
Soviets opposed Soviets opposed this unificationthis unification
Division of GermanyDivision of Germany
West Germany West Germany (Federal Republic of (Federal Republic of Germany) formed Germany) formed in Sept. 1949in Sept. 1949
East Germany East Germany (German (German Democratic Democratic Republic) formed in Republic) formed in Oct. 1949Oct. 1949
Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
USSR blockaded USSR blockaded West BerlinWest Berlin
No trucks, No trucks, barges, or trains barges, or trains could bring in could bring in supplies to its 2.5 supplies to its 2.5 million residentsmillion residents
Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
For more than 10 For more than 10 months, British months, British and American and American planes flew in planes flew in suppliessupplies
200,000 flights200,000 flights 2.3 million tons 2.3 million tons
of suppliesof supplies
Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
NATONATO
North Atlantic North Atlantic Treaty Treaty OrganizationOrganization
Formed in 1949 of Formed in 1949 of western nationswestern nations
Treaty agreeing to Treaty agreeing to help one another if help one another if attackedattacked
Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
Formed by the Formed by the Soviet Union in Soviet Union in 19551955
Formal military Formal military alliance of alliance of eastern nationseastern nations
Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
ChinaChina
Communists Communists seized seized control of the control of the government government in 1949 in 1949 under the under the leadership of leadership of Mao ZedongMao Zedong
KoreaKorea
U.S. and Soviet U.S. and Soviet troops divided troops divided Korea after Korea after WWII at the WWII at the 3838thth parallel parallel
Soviets gave Soviets gave military aid to military aid to North KoreaNorth Korea
Korean WarKorean War
Began in 1950Began in 1950
Communist Communist government of government of North Korea (with North Korea (with the help of the the help of the USSR) attempted USSR) attempted to invade South to invade South KoreaKorea
Korean WarKorean War
Sept. 15, 1950 – Sept. 15, 1950 – MacArthur made a MacArthur made a daring invasion into daring invasion into North Korea and North Korea and pushed the enemy pushed the enemy north of the 38north of the 38thth parallelparallel
Korean WarKorean War
China entered China entered the war as they the war as they saw the saw the advancing troopsadvancing troops
MacArthur MacArthur wanted to invade wanted to invade China, use atomic China, use atomic weaponsweapons
Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur
The general The general publicly criticized publicly criticized Truman for not Truman for not moving against moving against ChinaChina
Truman fired him Truman fired him for for insubordination in insubordination in April 1951April 1951
Korean WarKorean War
Armistice signed Armistice signed in July 1953in July 1953
No land gained No land gained by either sideby either side
Marked the Marked the expansion of the expansion of the Cold War in AsiaCold War in Asia
The Cold The Cold War and War and American American SocietySociety
The Red ScareThe Red Scare
Rumors and Rumors and accusations of accusations of Communists in Communists in the U.S. in the U.S. in governmentgovernment
Loyalty Review ProgramLoyalty Review Program
1947-19511947-1951
Over 6 million Over 6 million federal federal employees employees screened to screened to determine who determine who was loyal to the was loyal to the U.S.U.S.
J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover
Director of the FBIDirector of the FBI
Urged public Urged public hearings to expose hearings to expose Communists and Communists and Communist Communist sympathizerssympathizers
Infiltrated groups, Infiltrated groups, wiretaps, etc.wiretaps, etc.
HUAC
House Un-American Activities Committee
Find communists in the government
Alger HissAlger Hiss
Named as a spy Named as a spy and a member of and a member of the Communist the Communist PartyParty
Lied under oath Lied under oath and was and was convicted of convicted of perjuryperjury
The RosenbergsThe Rosenbergs
Belief that American Belief that American Communists sold Communists sold secrets to the Soviets secrets to the Soviets about constructing about constructing atomic bombsatomic bombs
Julius and Ethel Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Rosenberg were convicted and convicted and executed for this executed for this chargecharge
Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy
U.S. senator from U.S. senator from WisconsinWisconsin
Proclaimed Proclaimed Communists were Communists were part of the U.S. part of the U.S. governmentgovernment
Quote, McCarthyQuote, McCarthy
““While I cannot take the time to name all While I cannot take the time to name all the men in the State Department who the men in the State Department who have been named as members of the have been named as members of the Communist Party and members of a Communist Party and members of a spy ring, I have here in my hand a list spy ring, I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were known to the of 205 that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and nevertheless are still working and shaping the policy of the State shaping the policy of the State Department.”Department.”
McCarthyismMcCarthyism
McCarthy became McCarthy became chairman of the chairman of the senate senate subcommittee on subcommittee on investigationsinvestigations
He used vague and He used vague and flimsy charges that flimsy charges that damaged damaged reputationsreputations
Nuclear WarNuclear War
How did the U.S. How did the U.S. population population respond to the respond to the threat of nuclear threat of nuclear war?war?
Bomb shelters, Bomb shelters, drillsdrills
Long Range U.S. Nuclear Long Range U.S. Nuclear MissilesMissiles
B-52 bomber for B-52 bomber for flying across flying across continents and continents and drop nuclear drop nuclear bombsbombs
Intercontinental Intercontinental ballistic missiles ballistic missiles (IBCMs)(IBCMs)
Sputnik CrisisSputnik Crisis
Launched by the Launched by the USSR on Oct. 4, USSR on Oct. 4, 19571957
First artificial First artificial satellite to orbit satellite to orbit the earththe earth
NASANASA
Congress created Congress created the National the National Aeronautics and Aeronautics and Space Space AdministrationAdministration
Research in Research in rocket science rocket science and space and space explorationexploration
CIACIA
President President Eisenhower agreed Eisenhower agreed to use the Central to use the Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Agency for covert missions for covert missions to prevent to prevent communist activity communist activity in other nationsin other nations