Post on 03-Feb-2022
transcript
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
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Essential Standard 2.00
POB-F Objective 2.03
TOPICS
Types of productions and manufacturing
Production and manufacturing planning
Business operations
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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND
MANUFACTURING
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The forms of production: 1. Extraction and cultivation
-most basic form of production
-obtaining products from nature or
-using natural resources to grow
Examples:
-agricultural products- fish, chicken, tomatoes,
and broccoli
- Natural products- iron ore, bauxite, raw
diamonds, oil
Forms of Production
2. Processing
– changing and improving the form of another product
– Increases its value and usefulness
Examples: honey removed with comb and packaged
-Fresh mangoes processed at cannery
-Oil sent to refineries to be processed into
gasoline, heating oil, motor oil
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Forms of Production
3. Manufacturing
– combining raw materials and processed goods into finished
products
–either other businesses or consumers may use finished
products
Examples:
-Craftsman using tools and materials to build cabinets in a kitchen
-Design of a computer microchip
-Building high speed rail system
-Manufacturing cosmetics, china, shoes, furniture
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YOUR TURN
Think of something you use everyday.
Work with a partner and make a flow chart that
shows the process of this item being made.
Show all of the below processes for production.
Cultivation
Processing
Manufacturing
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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND
MANUFACTURING
Mass production - using assembly processes to produce large quantities of identical products Employees have precise tasks, specialized tools and
equipment
Can result in monotonous work & reduced motivation
Companies use computers and robotics to perform many repetitive procedures
Examples: Krispy Kreme donuts, Maybelline lipstick, and Nike sneakers, automobiles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qu0ISv_GeHI
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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING
Custom manufacturing - process of producing a specific and exclusive product for a customer
When customer has unique needs or product has a specific use
Designers, tool makers, and assemblers work together
Examples: ceramics, prosthetic limbs, signs, buildings, landscapes, bridges, dentures, vehicles
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Eclipse GSX Wide Custom Body Kit
Transformation
TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND
MANUFACTURING
Materials processing- process of changing raw
materials to another form in order to be
consumed or used to make other products
Examples:
Oil companies refine crude oil
Mills process wheat into flour
Film processors convert into photographs
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PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES
Production and manufacturing involve the
following activities in order to produce
products:
1. Product development
2. Production planning
3. Inventory management
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WHAT IS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT?
Product development is the process of
creating or improving the form of another product.
Why do companies develop a new product?
Consumer demand
Keep up with trends
New technology
Retail sales
NEW PRODUCT IDEAS
Work with your partner to brainstorm an idea for a new/improved product that you could sell.
Ideas: Toothpaste, writing instrument, shoes, clothing, deodorant, frozen food, athletic equipment, writing instrument, etc.
No video games, software, plays
What are your products features? What will it do special? What colors does it come in. Draw a picture and label its features.
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LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT
Introduction
Growth phase
Maturity phase
Decline
Obsolete
Label The Life Cycle of a Product Curve!
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Product research performed by engineers and other
scientists to develop new products or to discover improvements for existing
products. Goal: to develop new products that will meet the needs of customers and improve current products offered by the company
WHAT IS PRODUCT RESEARCH?
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1. Scientist develop idea 2. Design engineers create models-
prototypes 3. Models are tested and revised 4. Best model is chosen 5. Materials selected to make usable
product 6. Financial experts determine costs of
production
WHAT ARE STEPS IN PRODUCT DESIGN?
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APPLIED RESEARCH
Marketing research that studies existing products to
develop design improvements or new product uses
Auto manufacturers study current design to improve
efficiency of engines or improve product safety
Engineers experiment with solar designs for renewable
energy sources
Improved athletic shoes designed especially for runners,
aerobics, walking, etc.
Development of formulas for corn based ethanol as an
alternative fuel
PURE RESEARCH
Discovers new solutions to problems
Drug manufacturers study diseases and immune
systems to uncover treatment or cures
Scientists at the CDC (Center for Disease Control)
Doctors at Duke U Medical Research Center
No specific product in mind
Goal- to uncover new treatments or cures
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PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Production process –identifying the steps/activities, equipment, and resources needed to manufacture products – what are the steps in the production activity?
Production resources – setting up machines, tools, and other equipment needed for production
Personnel – determines # of employees and skills needed for completion of production, hires and trains additional staff if required
PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Steps in production
activity
Identify each step in the
assembly line process
http://www.madehow.c
om/Volume-
1/Pencil.html Identify raw materials, types of
processes involved, types of
production needed, manufacturing
procedures involved
Production Resources
List materials, tools,
equipment needed for
production
Personal Resources
List people and skills
needed to complete
production
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PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Steps in production
activity
Peanut butter and jelly
sandwich
Production Resources
Your favorite pants Fabrics, pattern, buttons,
zippers, thread, elastic,
“sparkles”, sewing
machine, ergonomic chair,
iron, ironing board,
scissors, good lighting,
storage space
Personnel Resources at
CHS
Administration
Coaches
Certified teachers
Core-math, sci, ss, Eng
Art, drama, music
CTE, EC, Yes Ctr,
Foreign language
Custodians
Cafeteria workers
Bus drivers 20
PRODUCT DESIGN
Product design is first
creating a model and
then deciding the best
possible design.
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HOW IT IS MADE?
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-
1/Aluminum-Foil.html
Watch youtube video
Complete guided literacy activity
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WHAT IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT ?
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) -ongoing effort to improve manufacturing processes to increase the quality of work
Purpose: to reduce Errors
Inefficiencies
Waste
Continuous reviewing with goal of finding ways to improve
Not just manufacturing: Disney, McDonalds, teachers
www.thomasgroup.com/eLibrary/case-studies.aspx
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Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)
has the following six steps: 1. Involve everyone.
2. Identify process activities.
3. Establish quality performance standards
aka benchmarks.
4. Select measurement tools.
5. Monitor performance and compare to
standard continuously.
6. Look for ways to improve process
quality.
Would Continuous Process Improvement affects prices that consumers pay
for products?
How might you apply the CPI concepts to your personal goals?
TOAST AND DELL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdg9rpg6Dt
8&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N89JJ991
pE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q89qAbAAR
3Q&feature=related
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BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Common business operations:
Inventory management
Facilities management
Logistics
Scheduling
Safety and security
Information management
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Inventory- detailed account of a company’s
materials, supplies and finished product
Inventory management
maintains the supply of all resources needed
ensures that each item need to make product is
available at time and place needed
keeps record of supply and costs of resources
Keeps accurate record of all merchandise
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WHAT IS FACILITIES MANAGEMENT?
Why would a business need to be concerned
about management of their facilities?
To know buildings and land are repaired,
running properly and prepared to be used
Facilities management - managing buildings
and land of a business and ensuring that
everything is used, repaired, and running
properly.
FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AT CHS
Manager- B. Little,
Assistant Principal
Supervises custodial
staff
Submits work orders for
maintenance
What types of problems
might our facility have?
Electrical outages
Lights
Computer systems
Storm damage-hail, wind,
water
Plumbing issues
Entry/exit/halls/doors
Furniture, equipment
Parking, street
accessibility 29
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How do businesses obtain their
products and services in a timely
manner to make available for
customers? LOGISTICS
Logistics - managing the receiving,
moving, and storing of supplies,
materials, and finished products
WHAT IS LOGISTICS?
LOGISTICS
Transport of:
Employees
Equipment
Materials in
Finished products out
Highways, interstates
Railroads
Ships, boats
airports
Storage of/workspace
for:
Employees supplies
Raw materials
Finished goods
Shipping area
Movement of goods
between departments
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WHAT CAN BROWN DO FOR YOU?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-
23mkL69ic&feature=BFa&list=PL79DF4DEC6
808C29E&lf=rellist
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SCHEDULING
What is involved in scheduling work, people,
and resources for a business?
Scheduling – managing:
activities to be completed
the people who will complete the work
the resources needed for completing the task
ADDITIONAL HIRING NEEDED WHEN?
When might additional employees be hired by
the following businesses?
Clothing retailer
Hospital
School system
Day care operation
Military supplier
Police department
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SAFETY AND SECURITY
What is involved in safety and security for a
business?
Safety and security - managing personnel
being in place to prevent accidents and
injuries of employees and customers and
protect people and property.
SAFETY AND SECURITY
Goal: Minimizing human and property losses
Procedures- fire drills, tornado drills
Personnel
Security plans- catastrophic events
Hurricane, fire, tornado
Encourage workplace safety
Secure employees & customers
Recognize safety records
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INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
When does a company use information
management?
When information needs to be coordinated
between
Customers, employees, supervisors, managers
Locations at various sites-local, regional, international
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INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
GOALS:
1. To collect, organize, and securely maintain all needed information
2. To provide instantaneous access to info required to perform work and make decisions
3. To prevent access to information by those unauthorized to use it
4. To use technology to improve communication and information sharing
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MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Operational plan-identifies how work will be done, who will do it, and what resources will be needed
Operating budget -detailed financial plan for a
production unit, marketing department or other area of the business
Schedules - matching people with resources
Procedures – list of steps to be followed for performing a particular work activity
Standards – a specific measurement against which a result is judged
TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Supply chain management software
allows cooperating companies to share ordering, production, and shipping information, tract products, and exchange customer data
Collaboration software provides real time communications by voice, texts, videos using computers around the world
Computer security
provides access and restrictions, usage data, privacy, virus protection for networks
Inventory
management of sales, purchases, payment; tracks production, usage and sales, prints bar codes
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TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Project Management
keeps tract of project calendars, tasks, to-do lists, work assignments and project resources
Budgeting
automates budget planning, compares budgets from one time period to another, coordinates budgets among department
Document Management
controls production, storage, management, and distribution of electronic documents
Manufacturing Automation
monitors and controls manufacturing machines, checks for errors and defects, reports on production levels
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