Post on 21-Nov-2014
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ETHICAL LEADERSHIPETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Ethical leadership involves both acting and leading ethically over time all the time
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ObjectivesObjectives
Integrate principles of leadership and principles of ethics.
Enhance the capabilities of community leaders to recognize and act according to their ethical beliefs.
Provide a forum to discuss how to build and maintain an ethical society.
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Definitions of TermsDefinitions of Terms
VALUESVALUES Core beliefs or desires that guide and motivate attitudes and actions.
MORALSMORALSCustoms and personal beliefs of individuals about what is right and wrong.
ETHICSETHICS
Standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on principles about right and wrong.
Source: Scheffert and Hamersly 1993
4Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
What is Ethics?What is Ethics?
Ethics is not about the way things are…
It is about the way things OUGHT to be.
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Three Qualities of Ethical LeadershipThree Qualities of Ethical Leadership
6Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
Ethics is Character and CourageEthics is Character and Courage
Ethics is about character and courage and how we meet the challenge when doing the right thing will cost more than we want to pay.
Michael Josephson
7Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
Ethics is ValuesEthics is Values
Ethics is a code of values which guide our choices and actions and determine the purpose and course of our lives.
Derived from Ayn Rand
Six Pillars of CharacterSix Pillars of Character
TrustworthinessRespectResponsibilityJustice & FairnessCaringCivic Virtue
These core ethical values transcend cultural, religious, and socio-economic differences.
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Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics, Aspen Declaration, 1992
The CommonwealthThe Commonwealth
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CommonwealthCommonwealth
10Source: Scheffert and Hamersly 1993
Ethical Decision MakingEthical Decision Making
An ethical perspective is having the ability to: Be sensitive to ethical issues. Make reasoned judgments. Have the motivation to act ethically. Follow through with action. Look back and learn from the situation.
11Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
Aiming for Ethical DecisionsAiming for Ethical Decisions
Spirit & Purpose
Minimal Compliance
You will inevitably miss the target.
If you aim for the outer rim,
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“An ethical person often chooses to do more than the law requires and less than the law allows – there is a difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.”
Justice Potter Stewart
Ethical PeopleEthical People
Competing ValuesCompeting Values
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Wro
ng
Right Honesty Caring
Res
po
nsi
bili
ty
You might have to choose between…
Instead of…
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Classic Ethical ConflictsClassic Ethical Conflicts
Short-term vs. Long-termPrinciple vs. ExpediencySelf-interest vs. OthersConflicting loyalties
Ethical Decision-Making ProcessEthical Decision-Making Process
PerceiveClarifySelectActReassess
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Ethical Decision-Making ModelsEthical Decision-Making Models
Personal Warning SystemBell, Book, and CandleM.O.R.A.L.
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Your Personal Warning SystemYour Personal Warning System
The GOLDEN RULEDo unto others
as you would haveothers do unto you.
Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
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Bell, Book, and CandleBell, Book, and Candle
Listen for the bells warning you.
Check to see if there are any laws, regulations, or rules.
How will your decision look in the light?
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M. O. R. A. L. MODELM. O. R. A. L. MODEL
Massage the dilemma
Outline Options
Review criteria and resolve
Affirm position and act
Look back
Patricia Crisham
Source: Scheffert and Hamersly 1993
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Common RationalizationsCommon Rationalizations
If it’s necessary, it’s ethical!If it’s legal and permissible, it’s proper.I was just doing it for you!I’m just fighting fire with fire. It doesn’t hurt anyone.Everyone does it!It’s okay if I don’t gain personally.I’ve got it coming!I can still be objective.
Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics
Ethics is a NameEthics is a Name
“Ethics is the name we give to our concern for good behavior. We feel an obligation to consider not only our own personal well-being, but that of others and of society as a whole.”
Dr. Albert Schweitzer
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Ethics is HopeEthics is Hope
“When people accept responsibility for their own conduct and for the well-being of others, ethics serves to stabilize society. Ethical leadership is the antidote to despair and cynicism that is crushing our spirit and clouding our future. Ethics is our hope.”
Gary Edwards, Ethics Resource Center22
23Source: Scheffert and Hamersly 1993
Why Worry about Ethics?Why Worry about Ethics?
Leadership is the investment of trust into people who serve the common good.
It creates value.It refines and develops services that
enrich our lives.Leadership is naturally ethical.
24Source: Kouzes & Posner, 2002
Why Worry about Ethics?Why Worry about Ethics?
What people look for in others for leadership: Honesty Fair-mindedness Caring
We appoint, elect, and encourage leaders, expecting them to serve the public reliably.
Why practice ethical leadership?Why practice ethical leadership?
Ethical leadership models ethical behavior to the organization and the community.
Ethical leadership builds trust. Ethical leadership brings credibility and respect, both for
you and for the organization. Ethical leadership can lead to collaboration. Ethical leadership creates a good climate within the
organization. If you have opposition, or are strongly supporting a
position, ethical leadership allows you to occupy the moral high ground.
Ethical leadership is simply the right way to go. Ethical leadership affords self-respect.
When and by whom should ethical leadership be practiced?When and by whom should ethical leadership be practiced?
Ethical leadership should be practiced all the time by anyone in a
formal or informal leadership position.
How do you practice ethical leadership?How do you practice ethical leadership?
General guidelines: Ethical leadership requires a clear and coherent
ethical framework on which the leader can draw in making decisions and taking action.
Your ethical framework should agree with the ethical framework, vision, and mission of the organization or initiative.
Ethics should be a topic of discussion. Ethics should be out in the open. Ethical thought must be connected to action. Ethical leadership is a shared process.
Specific components of ethical leadership:Specific components of ethical leadership:
Put the good of the organization and the general good before your own interests and ego.
Encourage the discussion of ethics in general and of the ethical choices involved in specific situations and decisions as an ongoing feature of the organizational culture.
Institutionalize ways for people to question your authority. Don’t take yourself too seriously. Consider the consequences to others of your decisions,
and look for ways to minimize harm. Treat everyone with fairness, honesty, and respect all the
time. Treat other organizations in the same way you treat other
people – with fairness, honesty, and respect.
Specific components of ethical leadership (cont.):Specific components of ethical leadership (cont.):
Collaborate inside and outside the organization. Communicate. Work to become increasingly culturally and interpersonally
competent. Take cultural sensitivity and cultural competence seriously. Work to be inclusive. Take your leadership responsibility seriously, and be
accountable for fulfilling it. Constantly strive to increase your competence. Don’t outstay your usefulness. Never stop reexamining your ethics and your leadership.
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Final ThoughtFinal Thought
“If you want to know how to live your life, Think about what you would like people to say about you after you die….
Then, live backwards.”
Josephson Institute
Source: Josephson Institute of Ethics