EU and PeacekeepingPaul F. Diehl

Department of Political Science

TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPINGCHARACTERISTICS

• INTERPOSITION OR “BUFFER” FORCE (Limited Functions)

• HISTORICALLY - UN

• PURPOSES:• LIMITATION OF ARMED CONFLICT

– PREVENT SURPRISE ATTACK– PREVENT ACCIDENTAL ENGAGEMENT– PROVIDE VERIFICATION OF CEASE-FIRE

(ASSURANCE)

• PROMOTE ENVIRONMENT FOR NEGOTIATON

PEACEBUILDING CHARACTERSTISCS

USUALLY IN CIVIL WAR CONTEXTS

ACROSS MULTIPLE CONFLICT PHASES

HOST STATE CONSENT NOT ESSENTIAL FAILED STATES, BIASED INTERVENTION

ORGANIZING AGENCY UN, REGIONAL IOs, MULTINATIONAL COALITIONS,

PRIVATE CONTRACTORS

WIDE RANGE OF MISSIONS

Peace Operations Deployments by Sending Authority

Peace Operations 1948-2008

66

23 21 1913 12

8 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

UN EU

Multinational

OSCE

AU/OAU

NATO OA

S

ECOW

AS CIS

LAS

C-wealth

SADC

CEMAC

ECCAS PI

F

IGOs

Nr. o

f Pea

ce O

pera

tions

Series1

European Union’s Peace Operations

Why EU Involvement?

• - Historically – EU members contributed some troops (e.g., Cyprus)

• - Bosnia as Key Turning Point

Reasons for EU Involvement

• New Security Capacity and Focus for EU

Reasons for EU Involvement• Europe as a Location for

Conflict – Post-Cold War

Reasons for EU Involvement

• UN is often over-stretched and under-funded (demand)

Reasons for EU Involvement

• UN’s failures

Reasons for EU Involvement

• IOs need to show that they can stabilize their regions

Inter-Organizational Cooperation in Peace Operations

Why Collaborate and With Whom?

• Possible Explanations – Cooperation– Resources and Burden Sharing– Complementary Activities – Comparative Advantage– Spreading the Reputational Costs of Failure

Why Collaborate and With Whom?

• Why Not More with NATO? (Greece-Turkey rivalry and inter-organizational competition)

Why Collaborate and With Whom?

• Other Factors and Depth of Cooperation– Learning– Common Security Cultures– Personal Staff Connections