Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Essential Question

What are the functions of the major cell structures?

Cell Organization

The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Nucleus

1. NucleusControl center of

the cellDirects ALL cell

activitiesContains genetic

(DNA) instruction for the cell

Usually largest organelle

Nuclear Envelope

2. Nuclear Envelope

Surrounds the nucleus

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Nucleus cont…

3. ChromatinCondenses to

form chromosomes

Made of DNA & proteins

4. NucleolusMakes

ribosomes

Cytoplasm

GEL-LIKE portion of the cell outside the nucleus Allows for movement Location for most cell organelles

Organelles

“Little organs” Each organelle has unique functions Allows the cell to function properly The size & shape of a cell relates to

its function

Cytoplasmic Organelles

5. Ribosome RNA particles,

found throughout the cytoplasm

Makes proteins Sometimes

attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Series of folded membranes that move material (proteins) in the cell

Rough ER Surrounds the nucleus synthesis of proteins Ribosomes are found on

its surfaceSmooth ER

Synthesis of lipids No ribosomes

7. Golgi Apparatus

Synthesis of proteins (proteins in the rough ER move next into the golgi apparatus)

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion

Ships proteins to their final destination

8. Vesicles

Stores and moves material between cell organelles

9. Lysosomes (animal cell)

Small organelles filled with enzymes

“clean up crew” Breakdown of food

molecules, cell wastes and worn out cell parts so the rest of the cell can use it.

10. Vacuoles (plant cell)

Large, sac-like structure that stores food, water, and waste

11. Centrioles

(animal cells)Located near the

nucleusHelp to organize

cell division used for reproduction

12. Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape and aid in movement

Comprised of 2 parts: Microfilaments and microtubules

13. Cell membrane

Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Provides protection and support

14. Cell wall Main function is to

provide support and protection

Plants have both a cell membrane and a cell wall

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview Cell StructureCell Structure

Organelles That Capture and Release Energy

All living things require a source of energy. Most cells are powered by food molecules that are built using energy from the sun.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion processes within the cell.

15. Mitochondria (plant and animal cell)

Power house of the cell

Provides energy (ATP) for the cell

Converts stored energy in food

Contains its own DNAFun Fact: You get your

mitochondria from your MOM!

What would happen if the mitochondria stopped working?

16. Chloroplasts(plant cells)

Capture energy form sunlight and convert it into chemical energy

This process is called photosynthesis

Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

-Plants use to make their own food (sugar)

Contains its own DNA

What would happen if a plant had no chloroplasts?

1- Nucleus

2- Chromosomes

3- Mitochondria

4- Ribosomes

5- Chloroplasts

6- Vacuoles

7- ER

8- Cell Membrane

Plant vs. Animal

Plant Animal

1. Vacuole 2. Golgi Apparatus 3. Cell wall 4. Cell membrane 5. Chloroplast 6. nucleolus 7. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum 8. nucleus 9. mitochondria

10. Vacuole 11. Lysosome 12. RER 13. Cell membrane 14. Nucleus 15. Cytoplasm 16. Nucleolus 17. Golgi Apparatus 18. Mitochondria