Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
LandformsLandforms
Europe stretchesNorth to South:
Artic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
East to West:
Atlantic Ocean Ural Mountains
4 Major Landform Regions4 Major Landform Regions
Northwest HighlandsNorthern European PlainCentral UplandsAlpine Mountain System
Northwest HighlandsNorthwest Highlandsrugged hills, low mountainsTo the NORTHIreland, England, Scotland, Scandinavia,
NW France, part of Iberian PeninsulaGlaciers & fjords carved landscapes during
last ice age
Northern European PlainNorthern European PlainTo the SOUTHCoastal plain with lots of rivers stretching
from France to Ural Mountains = river towns & port cities like Paris & Berlin
Many rivers, short distances, smooth terrain = travel, trade, & migration
Densely or Sparsely Populated?
Central UplandsCentral UplandsHills & small plateaus, fertile valleysStretches from France NE to S GermanyEroded region = rounded hills & mountainsKnown for coal & industry
Alpine Mountain SystemAlpine Mountain System Includes the Swiss Alps Stretches from France’s Mediterranean coast to
the Balkan Peninsula Many peaks higher than 14,000 feet Large snowfields and glaciers Also includes Carpathian Mountains in E. Europe
& Pyrenees Mountains in France & Spain Tectonic process created this region and continues
to cause earthquakes and volcanoes today
Europe’s Major Landform Regions
Northwest Highlands hills & low mountains, created by glaciers, many lakes, thin soils
Northern European Plain Broad coastal plain, many rivers
Central Uplands Hills & small plateaus, old & eroded, coal fields, fertile valleys
Alpine Mountain System High mountains, glaciers, tectonic activity (earthquakes)
Objective: Describe Europe’s major landform regions.
Water in EuropeWater in Europe Europe is a peninsula of
peninsulas (p.295) North Sea-important for
trade & fishing (Baltic Sea freezes in winter)
North Atlantic Ocean-Explorers, Fishers, Merchants
Natural harbors along coast are located near navigable (deep enough & wide enough for shipping) rivers=good for trade by sea
Water in Europe-Rhine RiverWater in Europe-Rhine RiverRises in the Swiss Alps, NW through
Germany, enters the North Sea
Begins in the uplands of S Germany, E through 9 countries in Central & Eastern Europe, empties into the Black Sea
The Danube River is 1,771 miles long and the second longest river in Europe after the Volga.
Water in Europe-Danube RiverWater in Europe-Danube River
SEASN orth Sea B lack Sea
Ba ltic SeaM ed ite rranean Sea
R IVER SR hine R iver D anube R iver
E lbe R iver Se ine R iverTham es R iver
STR AIT SBosporus S tra itEnglish C hannelS tra it o f G ibra lta r
O C EAN SArctic O cean
A tlan tic O cean
Europe's M ajor Bodies of W ATE R
Objective: Identify the major rivers and bodies of water found in Europe.
Marine West Coast ClimateMarine West Coast Climatethroughout N & W EuropeAtlantic storms bring clouds & rainSnow & frost in winterMild temperaturesCloudy, drizzly days are common
Humid Continental ClimateHumid Continental Climate4 distinct seasonsSevere wintersSummer droughts hurt Hungary & Romania
Mediterranean ClimateMediterranean ClimateSeparated from other 2 climates by high
mountains like the AlpsMost rain occurs during mild winterLong, dry, sunny summers in S Europe
4 Minor Climates4 Minor ClimatesSubartic (Norway, Sweden,
Finland)Tundra (Iceland & N
Scandinavia)Humid Subtropical (S, SE of
Alps)Semiarid (parts of Spain
blocked from ocean by mountains)
Climates of Europe
Major Climates Minor Climates
Marine West CoastMild temperatures, clouds & fog
SubarticFound in Northern Norway Sweden & Finland
Humid ContinentalDistinct seasons, cold winters, mild to cool summers
TundraNorthernmost Denmark, Norway & Sweden (Scandinavia) & Iceland
MediterraneanMild & rainy winters, long summers
Humid SubtropicalSouth & southeast of the Alps
SemiaridIn Spain where mountains block the rainfall
North Atlantic DriftNorth Atlantic Drift
The North Atlantic Drift (which is an ocean current) warms the air above it. The current is then carried over Europe by winds. This creates moderate temperatures and precipitation in northern Europe.
warm, moist air creates mild temperatures & rain in NW Europe = good for farmers and sea movement (no ice in water)
Objective: Analyze how ocean currents affect Europe’s climates
Plants & Animals: Plants & Animals: 4 Major Biomes4 Major Biomes
Objective: Identify the biomes found in Europe.
Temperate Forest
Mediterranean Scrub Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra
•Covers most of Europe•ash, beech, maple, oak trees•badgers, deer, many birds
•southern Europe•small trees, shrubs, drought-resistant plants•wild boars, wild sheep
•northern & central Europe•spruce, fir, pine trees
•far northern Europe•treeless•frozen ground most of the year•migratory birds, reindeer, foxes
Human activities harming plants & animals:
Hunting leads to animal extinction
Logging depletes forests and harms animal habitats
Pollution harms waterways and animals drinking water
Natural Resources-ForestsNatural Resources-Forests
Problems:Clearing & overgrazingAir pollution & acid rain
Solutions:Reforestation & Forest Protection Programs
for Sweden & Finland
Natural Resources-SoilsNatural Resources-Soils
More than half of Europe’s land area is used for farming
Some soils developed from loess (fine-grained windblown soil that is very fertile)
River valleys are major farming centers Efficient methods & modern technology help
Europe have crop yields among the highest in the world (Chemical fertilizers, crop rotation, machines to plant & harvest)
Natural Resources-FishingNatural Resources-Fishing
Throughout history, an important part of Europe’s economy = fishing
Warm North Atlantic Drift mixes with cold polar waters (Iceland, Norway, Spain, Denmark)
Problems=Overfishing & coastal pollution
Objective: Locate Europe’s forest, soil, and fishery resources.
Forest Soil Fisheries
Sweden & Finland
Loess in Northern European Plain
&
Alluvial soil in Southern Europe
North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and North Sea
Natural Resources-MineralsNatural Resources-MineralsTo meet industry & energy needs, Europe
heavily imports mineralsLack oil, iron, & other metals(oil & gas come from Asia, Russia, Africa)BUT, they have large deposits of coal
(Germany-one of world’s largest, Britain, Poland)
Iron ore, uranium, lead, zinc, marble
The yellowish translucent amber is often made into jewelry.
The world’s largest deposits of amber are found along the shores of the Baltic Sea.
Some date back to 60 million years
ago.Preserved bodies of ancient insects have been found inside some deposits.
Natural Resources-EnergyNatural Resources-Energy
Europe’s main oil & natural gas lie beneath North Sea (especially helps Norway & Britain)
Hydroelectricity is produced in Norway, Sweden, & Switzerland.
France has ocean tidal power & solar power Iceland has geothermal energy Nuclear power (France, Belgium, Bulgaria, &
Sweden)
N orthw est H igh landsco a l, o il, na tu ra l g as
iro n o re , n u c le ar p o w erh yd ro e le c tric ity
C entra l U plandsfe rt ile so ils , co a l,
n u c le a r p o w er
N orthern European P la infe rt ile so ils , co a l,
n a tu ra l g asn u c le a r p o w er
A lp ine M ounta in Systemh yd ro e le c tric ity
m a rb le , le adz in c , o the r m e ta ls
E urope 's N atura l & E nergy R esource s
Objective: Identify the energy and mineral resources of Europe.