Post on 13-Dec-2015
transcript
European Colonization of the
Americas
European Colonization of the
Americas
Emphasis on the North American British Colonies
Emphasis on the North American British Colonies
Colonies in the AmericasColonies in the AmericasSPANISH BRITISH FRENCH
GOALS
•Win converts to Christianity•Gain Land and Riches•God, Glory, and Gold
•Commercial Ventures•Haven for persecuted religious groups•Permanent colonies
•Fishing, fur trapping•Win converts to Christianity
GOVERNMENT
•King exercises strict control through Council of the Indies and viceroys
•Overseen by royal governors•Colonists enjoy large degree of self-government
•At first, France paid little attention•Later, king (monarch) exercised control over justice and economy
RELIGION
•Catholic Church influences colonial government•Missionaries seek converts to Christianity (Catholic)
•Haven for religious persecution•City on a Hill
•Missionaries sought converts to Christianity (Catholic)•Prohibited settling by Protestants
SLAVERY•Used Native Americans, then African slaves•Brutal
•African slaves, especially on southern plantations
•African slaves in the Caribbean colonies
INTERACTION WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
•Conquered and destroyed native civilizations
•Some early settlers helped by native Americans•Later settlers fought native Americans for land
•Native Americans helped fur traders claim territory•Settlers married native American women
European Imperial Claims and Settlements in Eastern North America, 1565–1625
European Imperial Claims and Settlements in Eastern North America, 1565–1625
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French & Spanish Occupation of North America, to 1750
French & Spanish Occupation of North America, to 1750
New New NetherlanNetherlands & New ds & New SwedenSweden
New New NetherlanNetherlands & New ds & New SwedenSweden
Ethnic Groups in Colonial Ethnic Groups in Colonial AmericaAmerica
Ethnic Groups in Colonial Ethnic Groups in Colonial AmericaAmerica
New England ColoniesNew England ColoniesColony (Date
founded)Leader Reasons founded
Massachusetts•Plymouth (1620)•Massachusetts Bay (1630)
William BradfordMiles StandishJohn Winthrop
Religious Freedom
New Hampshire (1622) Ferdinando GorgesJohn Mason
Profit from trading and fishing
Connecticut•Hartford (1636)•New Haven (1639)
Thomas Hooker •Religious and political freedom•Expand trade
Rhode Island (1636) Roger Williams Religious freedom (dissent)
Settlement Patterns within New England Towns, 1630–1700Settlement Patterns within New England Towns, 1630–1700
Population Comparison
s:New
England vs. the
Chesapeake
Population Comparison
s:New
England vs. the
Chesapeake
Southern ColoniesSouthern ColoniesColony (Date
founded)Leader Reasons founded
Virginia (1607) John Smith Trade and farming
Maryland (1632) Lord Baltimore •Profit from land sales•Religious (Catholic) and political freedom
The Carolinas (1663)•North (1712)•South (1712)
Group of 8 proprietors
•Trade and farming•Religious freedom
Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe •Profit•Home for debtors•Buffer against Spanish Florida
Power and Race in the Chesapeake: Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore.Power and Race in the Chesapeake: Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore.
Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”
Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”
18th Century Southern 18th Century Southern ColoniesColonies
18th Century Southern 18th Century Southern ColoniesColonies
Middle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesColony (Date
founded)Leader Reasons founded
New York (1624) Peter Minuit Expand trade
Delaware (1638) Swedish settlers Expand trade
New Jersey (1664) John BerkeleyGeorge Carteret
•Profit from land sales•Religious and political freedom
Pennsylvania (1682)
William Penn •Profit from land sales •Religious and political freedom
European Colonization in the Middle and North Atlantic, c. 1650
European Colonization in the Middle and North Atlantic, c. 1650
Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies
Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies
New York New York Manors & Manors &
Land Land GrantsGrants
Dutch Dutch (Holland, the (Holland, the
Netherlands)Netherlands) “Patroonships”“Patroonships”
Duke of Duke of York’s York’s
Original Original CharterCharter
Duke of Duke of York’s York’s
Original Original CharterCharter