European European Exploration:Exploration:

Cause and EffectsCause and Effects

DO NOW:DO NOW: Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN You are asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. You do not know what lives there, how to get island. You do not know what lives there, how to get there (exactly) or how long you will be there.there (exactly) or how long you will be there.

What will you do? What will you do? What rewards (besides jewels) might come What rewards (besides jewels) might come from exploring the sea?from exploring the sea? What risks might you entail by embarking on What risks might you entail by embarking on such an unknown journey?such an unknown journey?

Motivation:FOR GOLD, GOD, and GLORY!

• GOLD! (WEALTH! ) – New spices in Europe

(introduced during the Crusades) demand for the spices.

– Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man !

– Europeans try to find new trade routes because they want new sources of wealth.

Italianssell it

to Europe for

MORE $$$

Europe buys it for a

higher price

Muslims sold Spices to Italians

for lots of $

GOD! (Spread of GOD! (Spread of Christianity)Christianity)

The Crusades pushed Christians to The Crusades pushed Christians to feel it was their duty to spread their feel it was their duty to spread their religion and convert people to religion and convert people to Christianity ( and not to be Muslim) Christianity ( and not to be Muslim)

Bartolomeu Dias – “ Bartolomeu Dias – “ To serve God To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”grow rich as all men desire to do.”

GLORY ! • BEING “The FIRST!”• First to: Find an spice?

Find an area? Create a trading port?

Control a COUNTRY!?

Goals in the New WorldGoals in the New World►Spain: Wealth (Conquistadors)Spain: Wealth (Conquistadors)►France: Wealth (Fur trade)France: Wealth (Fur trade)►England: ColonizationEngland: Colonization

Quick ReviewQuick Review What were the three major reasons for What were the three major reasons for

European exploration?European exploration? What was the goal of France and Spain?What was the goal of France and Spain? What was the goal of England?What was the goal of England?

TECHNOLOGY HELPS

• The introduction of the Caravel made travel easier !– 65 feet long = more space for food/ppl.– Able to explore close to shore.- Larger sails for easier movement and power!

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps (Portolan)

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

Europeans search for an all-water passage to Asia to obtain these four major luxury goods:

Spices, Silk, Perfume, and Tapestries

Quick ReviewQuick Review Name two advances in technology that made Name two advances in technology that made

exploration easier.exploration easier. What were the four major luxury items people What were the four major luxury items people

in Europe wanted from the far East?in Europe wanted from the far East?

Christopher Columbus

• Born in Genoa, Italy (1451)• Idea to get to far east by sailing west

across the Atlantic Ocean• Spends 9 years trying to get backing for

the voyage, finally receives funding from Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

The Voyage

* 3 ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria* 90 men* Left Palo, Spain, on August 3, 1492* Landed in Carribean on October 12* Thought he had made it to the Indies,

named the island San Salvador

Quick ReviewQuick Review What new idea did Columbus have about What new idea did Columbus have about

sailing to the far East?sailing to the far East? Who financed Columbus’ voyages?Who financed Columbus’ voyages?

Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeThe transfer of plants, animals, beliefs, The transfer of plants, animals, beliefs,

people, and diseases between the people, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa beginning with the voyages of beginning with the voyages of ColumbusColumbus

Effects of ExplorationEffects of Exploration►Trade of goods, plants, animals, and Trade of goods, plants, animals, and

peoplepeople►KnowledgeKnowledge►WealthWealth►Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity►Faster trade routesFaster trade routes►Drastic decrease in Native American Drastic decrease in Native American

populationpopulation

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade►Trading network lasting from the 1600s Trading network lasting from the 1600s

to the 1800s that carried goods and to the 1800s that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the enslaved people between Europe, the Americas, and AfricaAmericas, and Africa

Middle PassageMiddle Passage►The voyages that brought enslaved The voyages that brought enslaved

Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West IndiesNorth America and the West Indies

Quick ReviewQuick Review What was the Columbian Exchange?What was the Columbian Exchange? What was triangular trade?What was triangular trade? What was the Middle Passage?What was the Middle Passage?