EUROPEAN EXPLORATION&

SETTLEMENT

MARCO POLO

• 1254-1324 VENICE, ITALY

• SON OF WEALTHY MERCHANTS

• TRAVELED WITH HIS FATHER TO TRADE WITH ASIAN KINGDOMS

• 24 YEAR JOURNEY

• MEETS WITH KUBLAI KHAN IN BEIJING

• SILK ROAD TRADE ROUTES

THE TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO-ENCOURAGED FUTURE EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

THE RENAISSANCE

• “REBIRTH”

• BEGAN IN FLORENCE, ITALY

• RENEWED INTEREST IN LEARNING

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

• ITALIAN

• INSPIRED BY MARCO POLO

• CONVINCED HE COULD SAIL WEST TO REACH ASIA

• SPAINISH KING FERDINAND & QUEEN ISABELLA FUND HIS VOYAGE

• 3 SHIPS SAILED FOR 33 DAYS

• LANDS IS SAN SALVADOR (HOLY

SAVIOR)

• THOUGHT HE WAS IN THE INDIES

4 VOYAGES• CONVINCED HE WAS CLOSE

TO CHINA

• SPAIN CONTINUES TO FUND

• EXPLORED MANY CARIBBEAN ISLANDS & SOUTH AMERICA

• DIED THINKING HE HAD FOUND ASIA

• LATER EXPLORERS REALIZE HE FOUND A “NEW WORLD”

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

• DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

• CROPS

• GERMS

• 90% OF NATIVES

SLAVERYIN THE

AMERICAS

• ANCIENT PRACTICE

• SPOILS OF WAR

• NATIVE AMERICANS DEATH TOLL RISES

• SHIFT TO AFRICA BEGINS IN THE 1500’S

CORTES, HERNAN

• 1519 ARRIVAL IN MEXICO

• HORSES

• 500 CONQUISTADORS

• TENOCHTITLAN • “SOME OF OUR SOLDIERS EVEN ASKED

WHETHER THE THINGS WE SAW

WERE NOT A DREAM”

• AZTEC EMPIRE

• MISTAKEN FOR GODS

• ENEMIES OF AZTECS ALLY W/CORTES

• SMALLPOX

• NEW SPAIN

• MEXICO CITY

RECREATE AN EMPIRE

PIZARRO, FRANCISCO

• GOD, GOLD & GLORY

• 1532

• 168 CONQUISTADORS

• INCA EMPIRE STRETCHING FROM EQUADOR TO CHILIE

• ANDES MOUNTAINS

• RULED BY ATAHUALPA

• PIZARRO CAPTURES ATAUALPA AND HOLDS HIM RANSOM

• GOLD & SILVER

GUNSGERMS &

STEEL

SPANISH BORDERLANDS

• FLORIDA (FLOWERY)

• SIGHTED ON EASTER SUNDAY

• PONCE DE LEON

• SAILED W/COLUMBUS

• GOLD IN PUERTO RICO

• “FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH”

• ST. AUGUSTINE

• 1521, 200 MEN ESTABLISH A COLONY

• NATIVE USE POISONED ARROWS TO DRIVE OFF SPANISH

THE 7 CITIES OF CIBOLA

• MYTHICAL CITIES OF GOLD & JEWELS

• OLD EUROPEAN TALES

• STORIES TOLD BY NATIVES

• SIMILAR TO EUROPEAN TALES

• SPANISH PRIEST CLAIMED TO HAVE SEEN A CITY WHILE TRAVELING IN MODERN DAY NEW MEXICO

• VASQUEZ DE CORONADO

• CONQUISTADOR

• 7000 MILE JOURNEY

• 5 STORY HIGH ADOBE HOMES

KEEPING THE BORDERLANDS

• 1600 AREA STRETCHES ACROSS TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA & CALIFORNIA

• SETTLEMENT NOT FOSTERED

• SOLDIERS LIVING IN PRESIDIOS

• ST. AUGUSTINE DEFENDED AGAINST FRENCH & ENGLISH

CATHOLIC CHURCH INTEREST

• MARTIN LUTHER

• PROTESTANT REOFRMATION

• SPANISH INQUISITION

• ESTABLISHED BY FERDINAND & ISABELLA

• CONVERSION

• EDUCATION

NEW MEXICO ROUND I

• FRONTIER AREAS

• SELF-RELIANCE

• MISSIONS

• SETTLERS FROM MEXICO

• 1598 JUAN DE ONATE

• 400 PEOPLE

• 7000 ANIMALS

• PUEBLO INDIANS

• WELCOME SETTLERS

• CATHOLIC PRIESTS

• WHIPPED NATIVES STILL PRACTICING RELIGION

• REVOLT

• DRIVE SETTLERS OUT

IMPACT STATEMENTDISCUSS THE IMPACT THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISH HAD ON THE NATIVES OF THE AMERICAS.

POLITICS

INNOVATION/IDEAS

RELIGION

ARTISTIC

TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMICS

SOCIAL/CULTURAL

FRANCE

• CHALLENGE SPAIN IN EUROPE OR TURN TO THE NEW WORLD?

• 1534 JACQUES CARTIER• NORTHWEST PASSAGE

• CANADA

• QUEBEC (SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN)

• TRADING POST

• HARSH CLIMATE

• LAND GRANTED TO NOBLES

• FEW SETTLERS

TRADE

• COUREURS DE BOIS

• “WOOD RANGERS”

• BEAVER PELTS

• CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES

• TRADE WITH HURONS FOR FOOD

• HURON TAUGHT THEM SURVIVAL SKILLS

• ALLIED WITH HURONS TO FIGHT THE IROQUOIS

LOUISIANA• 1673 FATHER MARQUETTE &

LOUIS JOLIET

• EXPLORED MISSISSIPPI RIVER

• QUIT

• 1682 DE LA SALLE

• FINISHED JOURNEY & PLANTED A FLAG AT THE MOUTH

• KING LOUIS XIV

• HKJJH

BRITAIN

• 1497 JOHN CABOT

• ITALIAN LIVING IN ENGLAND

• NEWFOUNDLAND

• ROANOKE

• NORTH CAROLINA

• SIR WALTER RALEIGH

• 1ST GROUP NATIVES GIVE THEM TRAPS TO CATCH FISH

• GO BACK TO ENGLAND

• 2ND GROUP TOO LATE FOR CROPS

• LEADER GOES BACK FOR SUPPLIES

• ENGLAND GOES TO WAR WITH SPAIN

JAMESTOWN

• LONDON COMPANY

• KING JAMES I

• MARSH LAND

• MALARIA

• GENTLEMEN & CRAFTMEN

• TRIED TO BARTER FOR FOOD

• JOHN SMITH TAKES CONTROL

• “IF ANY WOULD NOT WORK, NEITHER SHALL HE EAT.”

POCAHONTAS

• CHIEF POWHATAN’S DAUGHTER

• “SHE, NEXT UNDER GOD WAS THE INSTRUMENT TO PRESERVE THIS COLONY….”

• VIRGINIA ALGONQUIANS

• “KIDNAPPED” DURING THE STARVING TIME

• 60/500 SETTLERS SURVIVED

• MARRIED TOBACCO FARMER JOHN ROLFE

• UNION BROUGHT PEACE

NETHERLANDS• HENRY HUDSON

• NORTHWEST PASSAGE

• NEW NETHERLANDS

• 1621 DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY

• FUND A COLONY

• FORT ORANGE

• ALBANY, NEW YORK

• ALLY WITH THE IROQUOIS

• TRADING POSTS

• MANHATTAN ISLAND

• BEADS, BLANKETS, POTS & PANS

NEW AMSTERDAM

• GOVERNOR PETER STUYVESANT

• GRUFF LEADER

• PEG-LEG PETE

• CAPTURED NEARBY SWEDISH COLONY

• REFUGE FOR JEWS

• CHARLES II

• 1664 JAMES STUART, DUKE OF YORK

• STUYVESANT FINDS OUT GUNPOWDER SUPPLY IS WET

• NEW YORK