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- Eutrophication Hristova, Aleksandra Kokinov, Radoslav
Apostolov, Lachezar
- Eutrophication
- Process in which t he concentration of chemical nutrients
increases
- T he primary productivity increases
-
- ( production of organic compounds from atmospheric carbon
dioxide )
- W ater quality are reduced.
- Reduce of some a nimal populations .
- Increase in other population s that negatively affects other
species .
- Bloom of dead phytoplankton and zooplankton in an area. [2],
[1], [5]
- Lets Explain
- The nitrogen that is exceeded from factories go in the
seas
- Cause the rapid growth of algae and cyanobacteria
- Decomposing bacteria eat the dead algae and multiply
- Reduce the oxygen concentration [4]
- More about the process
- Anthropogenic eutrophication
- Effects that are result of human activities.
- Anthropogenic eutrophication is a process in which there is
increase of chemical nutrients due to human activities.[2],
[1]
- The Process
- What causes anthropogenic eutrophication?
- Algal Bloom
- It limits the sunlight available to the organisms at the
bottom
- During the day dissolved oxygen greatly increases and decrease
during night caused by the respiring algae.
- The reduced oxygen cause the fish and other marine animals to
suffocate and die
- Some bacteria may produce toxins that are deadly for the other
animals
- These zones are called dead zones.
- Some pictures of algal bloom [1]
- Algal Bloom
- Effects on the Ecosystem
- Species like fish, etc. die off
- due to the lack of oxygen
- algal blooms and increase
- in bacteria consuming the O 2
- Further Effects on Species
- (Some pictures that show the effect) [4]
- Effects on People
- The toxicity increases after the algal blooms and moves up the
food chain affecting people and other living creatures
- Dying of species affect peoples gathering businesses such as
fishing, gathering water plants, etc.
- Dying off of species such as fish and plants may cause economic
problems due to the decreased trade of these products
- (Some pictures that show the effect) [4]
- Prevention
- Riparian buffer zones
- In order to avoid eutrophication, the pollution should be
intercepted before it reaches water sources.
- Riparian buffer zones they are built between the pollution
source and the water source, and they are basically interfaces
where nutrients are deposited in order not to be deposited in
water. [3]
- Prevention Policy
- Riparian buffer zones not effective enough => a law that
should regulate the agricultural use of fertilizer and animal waste
should be imposed. It should at least make the farmers clean up the
waste of their animals, which if it is left alone, will get in the
ground water.
- These policies could be divided into four sectors [3]
- Sectors
- Technologies aim to make people use more common technologies in
agriculture, rather than applying new ones.
- Public participation aim to make people aware that they also
participate in this problem.
- Economic Instruments aim to give incentives for those who
protect the water sources from pollution by using clean methods for
agriculture.
- Cooperation Pollution may be because of, or affect several
communities => they should cooperate in order to deal with the
problem. [3]
- Nitrogen testing and modeling
- Farmers use technique called Soil Nitrogen testing in order to
optimize the amount of fertilizer applied to crops.
- It reduces both the wastes and the expenditures. [3]
- Measures to deal with the existing problem
- Cleanups
- The most common way to deal with the problem.
- Similar to the cleaning of the school yards, but aim to remove
mostly organic pollution.
- Began in the 1970s in Finland, where a group of activists
cleaned up several lakes and rivers from pollution that came from
industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources.
- May have a 90% removal efficiency
- However, in some places despite the reduction due to cleanup,
the pollution stayed the same => sometimes these efforts are not
effective. [3]
- Examples
- Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea
- Work cited
- "Algal bloom". CienceDaily. 05.06.10 .
- "Eutrophication". CienceDaily. 05.06.10 <
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/e/eutrophication.htm
>.
- "Eutrophication". Wikipedia. 05.06.10 <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophication >.
- "General effects of eutrophication". Lenntech Water treatment
& purification Holding B.V . 05.06.10 .
- "Effects of eutrophication". 05.06.10 . .
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http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/clipart/mascots/cleanup.gif
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http://www.dof.virginia.gov/mgt/rfb/images/rfb-riparian-buffer-before-after.jpg
- http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~olli/eutr/paerlFig7.png
- http://sevenhillslake.com/eutrophication_580x417.gif
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http://www.play-with-water.ch/d4/experiments/images/img_23.jpg
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http://www.google.bg/imgres?imgurl=http://assets.panda.org/img/bluegreen_algae_finland_272839.jpg
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http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/baltic/%3FuNewsID%3D169921&usg=__3T7vjC4KbJuLcCLGOfEN23p3AbI=&h=400&w=300&sz=12&hl=bg&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=rbi2Ul9kRDMBvM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaltic%2Bsea%2Beutrophication%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dbg%26rlz%3D1C1CHMR_bgBG325BG325%26tbs%3Disch:1
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http://www.google.bg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.grida.no/boing/drivingforces/pics/fertilizern.gif
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http://www.grida.no/boing/drivingforces/i_fertilizern.htm&usg=__mfWMtQBi2ubAekmX-Bw9w7Ja2Mg=&h=317&w=543&sz=5&hl=bg&start=5&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ogRlhziWfWCDdM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaltic%2Bsea%2Beutrophication%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dbg%26rlz%3D1C1CHMR_bgBG325BG325%26tbs%3Disch:1
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