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transcript
Internal Oversight Service
Evaluation Section
IOS/EVS/PI/104 REV.
Original: English
Evaluation of UNESCO Strategic Programme Objective (SPO) 11
“Sustainably Protecting and Enhancing Cultural Heritage”
External evaluation team:
Dr. June Taboroff and Jehanne Phares with Dr. Julie Scott March 2010
The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO or of the IOS. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1
1. EVALUATION PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY............................................................................... 4
1.1. Purpose of the evaluation ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Scope of the evaluation......................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Evaluation methodology........................................................................................................ 5 1.4. Strengths and limitations ......................................................................................................5
2. UNESCO’S WORK IN CULTURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ............................................................ 7
3. MAJOR FINDINGS .........................................................................................................................12
3.1. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 1 .................................................... 12 3.2. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 2 .................................................... 18 3.3. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 3 .................................................... 22 3.4. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 4 .................................................... 23 3.5. UNESCO’s comparative advantages ....................................................................................27 3.6. Africa priority.......................................................................................................................28 3.7. Gender priority ....................................................................................................................29 3.8. Intersectoral and inter-disciplinary work ............................................................................31 3.9. Monitoring and reporting....................................................................................................32
4. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................34
Annex I Terms of Reference .............................................................................................................38
Annex II Evaluation Questions ......................................................................................................44
Annex III Evaluation Planning Matrix .............................................................................................45
Annex IV Work on the Conventions with examples .......................................................................48
Annex V Table of Projects analyzed ..............................................................................................50
Annex VI Questionnaire for UNESCO Culture staff ........................................................................63
Annex VII Questionnaire for External Partners ...............................................................................75
Annex VIII Assessment of Accra Field Office Intangible Heritage Activities.....................................81
Annex IX Operational Procedures and Practices in relation to Expected Outcomes.....................87
Annex X Documents Consulted .....................................................................................................89
Annex XI List of Interviewees .........................................................................................................90
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 The three levels of working on the five Culture Conventions...........................................8
Table 2 Conventions by expected outcome, MLA and budget allocation, 34 C/5.........................9
Table 3 RP activities and budget allocations for the Field Office sample, 34 C/5 .......................10
Table 4 RP and EXB allocations to Bamako and Maputo, 33C/5 and 34C/5................................29
PREFACE
The Evaluation Team would like to thank UNESCO Headquarters and Field Office staff,
especially the Reference Group and the Accra Field Office, for their assistance in providing
information for this evaluation. They also wish to acknowledge the insight provided by the
external experts who generously gave their time and expertise.
June Taboroff, Jehanne Phares and Julie Scott
LIST OF ACRONYMS
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
EXB Extrabudgetary
ICOM International Council of Museums
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
ICCROM International Centre for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
MLA Main Line of Action
RP Regular Programme
SPO Strategic Programme Objective
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As the United Nations agency designated to lead the field of culture and cultural heritage,
UNESCO enjoys an uncontested comparative advantage in supporting the protection and
enhancement of cultural heritage, an area of activity widely acknowledged as a flagship of the
Organization. This evaluation of UNESCO’s work in culture and cultural heritage has found that
UNESCO has established a significant degree of respect and goodwill for its work internationally
and in Member States. As the architect of five culture-related Conventions, UNESCO’s strengths
lie in its international stature, prestige, infrastructure and networks.
The brief of this evaluation was to assess progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of
SPO 11 and to examine how progress might be enhanced through improving programme policy,
design and delivery. Overall, the evaluation has concluded that progress towards the
achievement of the expected outcomes is modest, but some strategic action is taking place that
augurs well for the future.
The Sector has made considerable efforts to support Member States with the ratification and
implementation of the Culture Conventions. The evaluation team found a number of examples
of UNESCO having contributed to, or in the process of contributing to, integrating the
provisions of the five Conventions into national and local policies. This was particularly the case
for the World Heritage Convention and to lesser extents the Intangible Heritage Convention
and the Illicit Traffic Convention.
Most activities reviewed, however, as part of the evaluation did not focus on the kind of policy
work required to help States Parties integrate the conservation of cultural heritage into
national and local policies. Instead, many focused on the implementation of policies at the
programme/project level and were therefore expected to influence the policy level indirectly.
Less mature conventions in particular call for increased focus at the policy level because many
States Parties have not yet sufficiently incorporated provisions into their national policies and
strategies.
While the Culture Sector has given some attention to climate change and cities, primarily
through meetings and several publications, the evaluators did not find any case where national
policies or legislation were updated or where there was a clear link with UNESCO’s work. The
projects sampled for this evaluation paid scant attention to the global trends mentioned in
Expected Outcome 2. The evaluation also found that joint work with the Social and Human
Sciences Sector on these global trends of urbanization, migration, etc. is minimal.
2
From the sample review, all Field Offices had conducted small-scale activities linked to the 1970
illicit traffic convention, mainly in relation to awareness raising. However, most activities
related to museum management, training for curators, etc. rather than international
cooperation. While progress overall is modest with respect to Expected Outcome 3, it can be
viewed as strategic, given recent efforts to engage with the private art market and
experimentation of a range of activities to raise awareness and influence legislation. There are
some examples of well designed activities, but the geographic scope is quite limited due to
resource constraints.
UNESCO’s museum programme has responded to corresponding needs in Member States with
a series of activities to support museums when exercising their educational role and developing
their educational messages. Decision-makers in the museum sector have recognized the
educational role of museums and cooperate with UNESCO in strengthening this educational
role. However, few initiatives were found that directly target the policy level of the museum
sector and attempt to help Member States anchor the educational role of museums in relevant
policies and strategies. There is little evidence that points to decision-makers in formal and
informal education paying heed to museums as a direct result of UNESCO intervention.
This evaluation report provides a number of recommendations intended to enhance UNESCO’s
actions in the domain of culture and cultural heritage, i.e. activities within the sphere of SPO 11.
The recommendations relate to:
– Developing a comprehensive, strategic and integrated approach to working on the
Culture Conventions that guides culture staff in their efforts to develop an optimal
mix between up-stream and down-stream activities
– Sharpening the focus of capacity development activities
– Supporting States Parties to Conventions to include emerging trends such as
urbanization, climate change and migration in their national culture conservation
policies
– Making full use of the reports on the implementation of the Conventions submitted
by States Parties to decide on the focus and type of support to be provided to them
– Taking a strategic decision with regard to the importance to be given to the
achievement of Expected Outcome 3, which relates to the development of new
forms of international cooperation to strengthen the application of the 1970
Convention on Illicit Trafficking
– Working more directly with the Education Sector of UNESCO and with education
sectors and relevant non-formal training institutions in Member States to ensure
that the role of museums is recognised within formal and non-formal education
programmes
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– Develop a coherent framework for the Culture Sector’s work in Africa
– Assess how gender equality issues could be addressed in the five Culture
Conventions when helping States Parties work on the implementation of the
Conventions at the policy and programme levels
– Further strengthen the development of UNESCO Country Programme Documents so
that they always reflect the Culture Sector’s strategic priorities for a given country
– Systematically assess progress made towards the achievement of the Expected
Outcomes of SPO 11.
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1. EVALUATION PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY
1.1. Purpose of the evaluation
The evaluation of SPO 11 was called for in the 34 C/5 Evaluation Plan. As with all other SPO
evaluations, its purpose was to assess progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of
the SPO and to examine how progress might be enhanced through improving programme
policy, design and delivery. The SPO 11 evaluation was expected to reach findings and draw
lessons learnt on:
– Progress made towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO
– Where UNESCO’s comparative advantages currently lie and where they potentially
lie
– Evolving areas of strategic importance to which UNESCO may need to pay more
attention
– The extent to which the two global programme priorities of Africa and gender
equality have been addressed through the SPO
– The degree of intersectoral and interdisciplinary work
– The relevance, efficiency, effectiveness including cost-effectiveness, impacts and
sustainability for a sample of projects and programmes.
1.2. Scope of the evaluation
The evaluation focused on programmatic activity of the 2008–2009 biennium, but programme
activities planned in the 2006–2007 biennium were also taken into consideration. The
evaluation covered both Regular Programme and extrabudgetary projects that were expected
to contribute to the SPO.
During the inception phase, the evaluation team refined the evaluation questions presented in
the Terms of Reference (ANNEX I) and formulated a number of additional questions:
– What is effective implementation of each of the Conventions in the period 2006–
2008? This examines what is required during the period under review to implement
each of the respective Conventions, in view of progress made prior to 2006 and with
a focus on national level actions.
– What is UNESCO’s role in the implementation of the Conventions as distinct from
the role of States Parties?
– What is the demonstrated need for improved implementation of cultural heritage-
related Conventions? What innovations have been introduced in the period under
review and how have they increased effectiveness?
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1.3. Evaluation methodology
The evaluation planning matrix (ANNEX II) served as the main conceptual tool guiding the
evaluation methodology. The matrix identifies the key evaluation questions with indicators,
data sources and data collection methods for each.
The methods used for data collection are listed below. In addition to data from Headquarters,
ten UNESCO field offices were selected to provide additional data: Bamako, Beirut, Cairo,
Havana, Maputo, Moscow, New Delhi, Phnom Penh, Quito and Venice.1
– Document review: planning, implementation and reporting documents (ANNEX IX) as
well as documentation requested from the sample of ten UNESCO field offices.
– Interviews: Interviews were held with approximately 30 stakeholders (ANNEX X).
– Questionnaires: One questionnaire (ANNEX V) was sent to all 122 culture specialists
working at Headquarters and in Field Offices; the response rate was 59%. A second
questionnaire (ANNEX VI) was distributed to 190 key implementing partners and
programme beneficiaries, identified by the ten Field Offices; the response rate was
44%.
– Database review: The UNESCO Database of National Cultural Heritage Law, established
in 2005, contains 2250 pieces of legislation from 177 countries in force for the
protection of cultural heritage.
– Field visit: The Terms of Reference anticipated two field visits to be carried out, with
one to an African country. Due to budget constraints, however, only one field visit
was possible – Ghana. The UNESCO Accra office established a programme of site
visits and interviews with all key partners and beneficiaries.
1.4. Strengths and limitations
The amount of data gathered directly from the field through site visits, observation, and face-
to-face interviews was limited to one Field Office. However, in order to supplement this data,
questionnaires were sent to ten Field Offices, project monitoring reports were extensively
reviewed and telephone interviews conducted.
A particular challenge for this evaluation was to establish attribution, or in other words to show
that a change in policy was a consequence of an activity undertaken by UNESCO. This proved to
be very difficult and often impossible, mostly due to the fact that UNESCO usually does not
systematically collect the data required to document such positive outcomes of its work. In
1 The sample was selected with the Reference Group based on the following criteria: (a) geographical distribution (two offices
per region); (b) mix of country, cluster and regional offices; and (c) size of office. The sample covers a total of 104 RP activities and 75 extrabudgetary projects, representing approximately 18% of programmatic financial resources dedicated to the SPO for the 34 C/5.
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addition, the document review revealed that much of what is reported as results are in fact
outputs. A further challenge was that UNESCO does not directly report against the expected
outcomes of the C/4 Medium-Term Strategy.
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2. UNESCO’S WORK IN CULTURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
According to the 34 C/4 Medium-Term Strategy, SPO11 “Sustainably Protecting and Enhancing
Cultural Heritage” is an example of the specific application of UNESCO’s overall strategy on
cultural diversity and dialogue. According to the said strategy, the field of heritage consists of
natural and cultural, movable and immovable, tangible and intangible heritage, where heritage
fulfils a triple role: a foundation of identity, a vector for development and a tool for
reconciliation.
The 34 C/4 articulated the following expected outcomes for SPO 11:
– Expected Outcome 1: The preservation of cultural heritage and its effects on
development, social cohesion and peace integrated into national and local policies
– Expected Outcome 2: National conservation policies and processes revised to take
account of global trends such as climate change, urbanization and migration
– Expected Outcome 3: New forms of international cooperation developed to
strengthen the application of the 1970 Convention
– Expected Outcome 4: Role of museums recognized by decision-makers as part of
formal and non-formal education programmes.
The four Expected Outcomes of SPO 11 all relate to the policy level, either by directly trying to
influence policy or by supporting the application of policy. For the purposes of this evaluation
“policy” is viewed in a broad sense, referring to policies, legislation, strategies, and major
development plans. The framework for this policy work is provided by legal instruments, the
most important of which are the following five Conventions:
– Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict,
known as the Hague Convention (1954), ratified by 123 Member States2
– Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and
Transfer of Cultural Property (1970), accepted or ratified by 118 Member States3
– Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
(1972), ratified by 186 Member States with 890 properties listed as world heritage4
– Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), ratified by
29 Member States5
2 One hundred Member States are also party to its First Protocol (1954) and 55 to its Second Protocol (1999). Status October
2009. 3 Status October 2009.
4 Status April 2009. The number increased to 187 during the first quarter of 2010.
5 Status December 2009.
8
– Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), ratified
by 117 Member States with 166 elements listed as intangible heritage.6
Each Convention contains provisions that are concerned with the development of policies,
legislation or development plans, such as the development of a general cultural and natural
heritage policy, or the formulation of draft laws and regulations designed to secure the
protection of the cultural heritage. On the other hand, they also contain provisions that require
action at the programme/project level. These include, for instance, awareness-raising of the
importance of safeguarding of cultural and natural heritage, the development of inventories of
the national cultural and natural heritage, or the training of experts for research, conservation
and protection of cultural heritage. The different ‘levels’ of working on the Conventions are
summarised in Table 1. This work is done by State Parties.
Table 1 The three levels of working on the five Culture Conventions
Level Nature of activities
I RATIFICATION/ACCEPTANCE/APPROVAL/ACCESSION
II IMPLEMENTATION AT THE POLICY LEVEL
– Integration of the provisions of the Conventions into national legislation,
regional/national policies and development plans
III IMPLEMENTATION AT THE PROGRAMME/PROJECT LEVEL
– Application of national legislation, regional/national policies, development
plans once the provisions of the Conventions have been included
– Implementation of those provisions of the Conventions that directly
address the programme/project level
The focus of the expected outcomes of SPO 11 is on implementation of the Conventions at the
policy level (Level II), and to a lesser extent at Level III:
– Expected Outcomes 1 and 2 relate to integrating cultural heritage and global trends
into policies (Level II)
– Expected Outcome 3 could be understood to be relating to both Levels II and III,
since the 1970 Convention includes provisions that directly concern policy and
legislation and others that relate to more programmatic activities such as research
and capacity development
– Expected Outcome 4 can be interpreted as mostly relating to Level II, since the
recognition of the role of museums as part of education programmes would have to
be anchored in some kind of policy, strategy or development plan.
6 Status October 2009.
9
This kind of policy work is supported by UNESCO through various types of intervention such as
raising awareness of key policy makers about the need to translate the conventions into
concrete policies; supporting countries through policy/legislation analysis; distribution of model
policies; helping countries draft policies that take the provisions of the conventions into
account. The table in ANNEX III provides specific examples of technical assistance that has been
(or could have been) provided by UNESCO to support the integration of the conservation of
cultural heritage into policies of State Parties.
At the level of the 33 and 34 C/5 Programme and Budget, several Main Lines of Action (MLA)
are expected to contribute to the achievement of SPO 11. In the 34 C/5 period, the following
MLAs were identified as mostly contributing to SPO 11:
– MLA 1: Protecting and conserving immovable cultural and natural properties, in
particular through the effective implementation of the World Heritage Convention
– MLA 2: Safeguarding living heritage, particularly through the promotion and
implementation of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage
– MLA 3: Enhancing the protection of cultural objects, the fight against illicit trafficking
in them, and the development of museums, particularly in developing countries.
Table 2 shows the budget allocated by Main Line of Action for each specific Convention along
with the Expected Outcome to which it most closely relates. The financial figures show the
central role of the World Heritage Convention and the emerging role of the Intangible Heritage
Convention. The World Heritage Convention generates almost twice as much extrabudgetary
funding as what it receives from the RP budget.
Table 2 Conventions by expected outcome, MLA and budget allocation, 34 C/5
Expected
Outcome*
Main Line of
Action
RP Budget
Activities
RP Budget
Staff EXB Budget
World Heritage Convention (1972) 1 and 2 1 4,314,900 9,451,900 24,385,800
Intangible Heritage Convention (2003) 1 2 3,222,100 5,119,300 2,758,800
Underwater Heritage (2001)
Illicit import cultural property (1970)
Protection armed conflict (1954)
1, 3 and 4 3 2,932,400 4,490,400 4,938,000
Source: 34 C/5. * The relationship between each Convention and the Expected Outcomes are approximative.
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The budget figures7 also illustrate the incongruity between the budget distribution by
Convention and the Expected Outcomes: EO1 is covered by all five Conventions; EO2 is mostly
covered by the World Heritage Convention which has the largest share of the budget; EOs 3 and
4 are mostly linked to the Conventions on underwater heritage, illicit import of cultural
property and the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, and together
only receive $3 million. The focus of SPO 11 on illicit traffic and museum and education is
therefore not reflected in the distribution of budget by Convention.
The RP budget allocations for each of the ten Field Offices sampled are shown in Table 3, by
Convention. With respect to extrabudgetary funds, the evaluation team established that
activities financed by extrabudgetary funds in the 10 countries focused foremost on
conservation and capacity building related to Expected Outcome 1. Explicit linkages with the
three other Expected Outcomes are either marginal or non-existent. While the extrabudgetary
funds come from a variety of donors, some patterns can be discerned, such as an emphasis on
the safeguarding of intangible heritage by the Japan Funds-In-Trust, or the conservation of
Angkor by France over many years. Two projects under review are financed by other UN
agencies. The case of the UNESCO Office in Venice was found to be specific with substantial
sums of money managed by the Venice office for the preservation of Venetian monuments.
Table 3 RP activities and budget allocations for the Field Office sample, 34 C/5
World Heritage Intangible Heritage Illicit Traffic Underwater Armed Conflict
No of
activities Budget
No of
activities Budget
No of
activities Budget
No of
activities Budget
No of
activities Budget
Bamako 4 60,000 4 168,620 1 25,000 - - - -
Beirut 5 144,000 3 22,027 2 22,000 1* 41,507 1 18,546
Cairo 5 1,249,473 4 81,024 1 20,000 - - - -
Havana 5 71,658 5 127,085 2 70,100 - - - -
Maputo 3 39,901 4 22,655 - - - - - -
Moscow 3** 120,600 4** 160,383 1** 25,000 1** 25,000 1** 25,000
New Delhi 3 98,791 3 188,355 - - - - - -
Phnom Penh 10 1,187,079 2 25,000 2 55,348 - - - -
Quito 3 352,850 6 171,632 1 45,000 1 35,000 - -
Venice 7*** 1,889,469 5 158,713 1 29,450 1 30,000 - -
Source: FABS. Notes: Museum activities related to illicit traffic are included under the illicit traffic related activities. * The underwater activity undertaken in Beirut FO includes also illicit trafficking. ** Moscow FO has implemented one activity targeting all Conventions “Strengthening legislative activity of the cluster countries for protection and safeguarding of their cultural property and heritage”. The Venice office has a double role of regional bureau and of project office for Venice. There are 42 projects for the restoration and safeguarding of Venice amounting to USD 5,466,364. The table presents only the regional projects.
7 All budget figures in this report are in US Dollars.
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Quito and Maputo each have two major extrabudgetary projects linked to capacity building and the development of cultural institutions and policies. They do not appear because they are not related to a specific Convention.
Field Offices are diverse in their staffing and orientation. The pool of culture experts available in
the field is unlikely to have the knowledge of all various culture Conventions and programme
activities. This calls for a more interactive approach between Headquarters and Field Offices,
especially with regard to sharing of information. The Regional Office for Culture in Havana has
already taken important steps to bring UNESCO’s culture experts working in the Latin America
and Caribbean region closer together. This initiative is going to be further strengthened in the
future.
The Expected Outcomes pertaining to SPO 11 call for additional efforts to be made by UNESCO
to support State Parties integrate the provisions of the Conventions into their national policies,
strategies and plans (level II). This work requires additional expertise. Right now, the staffing of
the sections dealing with the 1954, 1970, 2001 and 2003 Conventions, does not allow these
Conventions to be fully served. UNESCO needs to take a strategic decision as to how and where
to prioritize the level II work required to achieve the Expected Outcomes of SPO 11.
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3. MAJOR FINDINGS
Evaluation findings are based on the document review, the interviews held, the sample of ten
Field Offices, the field visit to Accra and information provided by UNESCO staff and external
experts.
3.1. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 1
The preservation of cultural heritage and its effects on development, social cohesion and peace
integrated into national and local policies
Expected Outcome 1 acknowledges the fact that ratification of the Conventions (Level I) needs
to be followed by the integration of the provisions of the conventions into national and local
policies (Level II). States Parties can do this either by developing new policies or by adapting
existing policies to ensure that they take the provisions of the conventions into account.
The degree to which national and local policies take into account conservation of cultural
heritage and its impact on social and economic development is highly variable. Generally
speaking, developed countries have the most evolved policies and regulations to conserve
heritage, as manifested in regulations that require site management plans to be prepared for all
World Heritage Sites. Such national level policies are less visible in those parts of world that do
not have strong supporting institutional infrastructure. But on balance a positive trend is
evident in many individual countries all over the world.
The responses received to the questionnaire indicate that the vast majority of Culture Staff
strongly agreed or agreed that the Culture programme activities managed by their Office or
Headquarters Division focused on Expected Outcome 1. Of the 35 partner respondents, 83%
strongly agreed or agreed that UNESCO’s activities have had an impact on national and local
policy development aimed at preserving cultural heritage, in particular the integration of its
effects on development, social cohesion, and peace.
Staff from the World Heritage Centre believe that the World Heritage Convention encourages
States Parties to identify policy issues at the national level, as in the case of Ecuador and the
Galapagos where conservation policy has become part of the new constitution. The World
Heritage Convention also provides a channel of communication for States Parties with regard to
cultural heritage and conservation policies for protected areas. It furthermore encourages the
development of policy at sites, concerned primarily with management and monitoring.
The World Heritage Convention Periodic Reporting requirement constitutes an important
mechanism for capturing policy change initiated by State Parties.
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The evaluation team found a number of examples from the sample of 10 Field Offices of how
UNESCO has contributed to, or is in the process of contributing to, integrating the provisions of
the World Heritage Convention into national and local policies:
– In Ecuador, the project Capacity-Building and Support for the Consolidation of
Integral Cultural Policies in Ecuador (2007) focused on strengthening the recently
created Ecuador Ministry of Culture. A National Plan of Culture for Ecuador was
published, serving as a framework for the design and development of national
policies. The National Plan of Culture was taken into consideration for the new
national Constitution and is part of the basic documents for the new round tables
convened by the Government for the new cultural law.
– In Moldova, a National Conference on ‘UNESCO Conventions in the Field of
Protection and Development of Cultural Heritage in Relation to the National
Legislation of the Republic of Moldova’ was conducted in 2009 and followed by
training on «The Problems of Protection of Immovable Monuments of History and
Culture». This was aimed at strengthening national cultural legislation and cultural
policy relying on existing legal international instruments, notably the Conventions of
1972, 2003 and 2005. Draft legislative and normative acts were formulated and a
report “Normative and Legislative Acts of the Republic of Moldova in the Field of
Cultural Heritage Protection” was published and distributed among the main
stakeholders, including policy makers.
– In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) cluster countries, strengthening
legislative activity for protection and safeguarding of cultural property and heritage,
in particular, to improve national implementation of UNESCO conventions, was
accomplished in partnership with the Inter-parliamentary Assembly of the CIS
countries and in cooperation with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus.
The International Conference “The UNESCO Conventions in the Field of the
Protection of Cultural Heritage and National Legislation of the CIS Countries” was
conducted in 2007 at the premises of the Executive Committee of the
Commonwealth of Independent States in the Republic of Belarus. The Proceedings
of the Conference were published by the State and Law Institute of the Academy of
Sciences of Belarus with the support of the UNESCO Moscow Office.
– The Moscow Office also contributed with a concept paper to the Regional
Conference of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) entitled “Cultural
Policy and Policy for Culture: Towards a New Cultural Policy Profile” that took place
in Armenia in 2009. In cooperation with the Russian Institute for Cultural Research
UNESCO furthermore developed an analytical paper on Strategic Directions of
Cultural Policy in the CIS Countries.
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– The Office in New Delhi, in the context of the Indian Heritage Cities Network,
collaborated with the Ministry of Urban Development to develop a guideline and to
review its city development plans to assess their impact on urban heritage (2009).
According to the India Office, the Ministry is now committed to ensuring that
heritage impact assessment is a systematic part of the City Development Plan. It also
agreed to contribute financially to this initiative.
– At the regional level, the UNESCO Regional Office for Culture in Havana supports the
Forum of Ministers for Culture and Officials in Charge of Cultural Policies in Latin
America and the Caribbean. The Office provides the technical secretariat to the
Forum, which was established in 1989. The work with the Forum enables the Office
to support regional integration and cooperation as well as ongoing discussions about
culture policies. The Forum has expressed its interest for UNESCO to play a more
active role in the future and to facilitate a regional discussion on cultural policies at
the next Forum scheduled for 2010.
A number of activities in support of the Intangible Heritage Convention are also beginning to
have a direct impact on policies at the national level:
– In Egypt, a Code of Conduct has been produced for the protection and promotion of
traditional festivals, which reinforces the Charter of Traditional Festivals of the
Mediterranean, issued previously by the Network of Traditional Festivals of the
Mediterranean launched by the UNESCO Mediterranean Programme. An analysis of
the existing policies had shown that a policy gap existed, both at the culture and
tourism ministries, especially with regard to intangible heritage. According to the
Cairo office, the activity was successful in influencing national policies, as
demonstrated by the recent creation of a Centre for National Folklore Archives and a
Folk Traditions Documentation and Development Project by the Ministry of Culture
to which the project also contributes.
– In Mozambique, UNESCO is supporting the Government in the elaboration of a
National Language Policy and in reviewing the legal framework for the creative
industries. A related initiative is being implemented under the MDG-F Joint Program
on Culture & Development, where one of the major expected results is the inclusion
of social and cultural aspects in development policies and strategies.
With regard to the Illicit Traffic Convention of 1970, a range of practical and ethical
instruments in favour of the implementation of the Convention at the policy level have been
developed by UNESCO. In the period under evaluation, for instance, the UNESCO “Handbook:
Legal and Practical Measure against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property” (2006) was published.
Databases such as the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, INTERPOL Database about
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stolen works of art, and Carabinieri National Stolen Cultural Property Database have also been
updated.
A compendium of documents on the return of cultural objects was published8, and a model
custom certificate with the World Custom Organization was developed. Seven out of ten Field
Offices in the evaluation sample have carried out at least one activity in support of the
Convention, most often linked to museum management (see for more on this under EO3
below).
The 1970 Convention is possibly the least visible of the Conventions under review. Even though
a variety of achievements took place from 2006, not many activities were conducted to support
the 10 countries of the sample with the integration of the provisions of the Convention into
local policies and strategies (Level II). However, according to the section dealing with this
Convention, from 2006 – 2009 a total of 19 countries (both western and non-western) have
integrated the provisions of the Convention into national legislation and policies. Some of these
countries requested assistance for this from UNESCO, which was provided in the form of
capacity-building workshops that included discussions about the legislative requirements
related to the implementation of the Convention and about operational issues. The section also
shared legislation from countries where the provisions of the Convention had been well taken
care of (best practice) and helped a few States Parties with a review of the legislation they had
drafted.
In 2004 UNESCO commissioned an evaluation to analyze the actions of its International
Standards Section (INS) during the 1998-2004 period in regard to: the contribution to the
prevention of, and fight against illicit trafficking, and the effect of its activities aimed at favoring
return/restitution, particularly legislative and policy consequences; and the adequacy of human
and financial resources allocated to INS. The evaluation identified several achievements,
including its contribution to awareness/advocacy/dialogue, as well as a number of challenges. It
is of concern that the recommendations from the 2004 evaluation on the Illicit Traffic
Convention have not been put into place, thus dampening its effectiveness.
The findings above, both related to the achievements in supporting the policy work related to
the Convention and to the 2004 evaluation, need to be seen in the context of the staffing
situation of the Section of Museums and Cultural Objects, where only one staff member is
assigned to work on the 1970 Convention.
Although the Hague Convention predates the World Heritage Convention by nearly twenty
years and is the oldest of the Conventions (1954), it has not been a focus of the evaluation as
8 Witnesses to History: A Compendium of Documents and Writings on the Return of Cultural Objects (ed. Lydel Prott)
16
within the sample of 10 countries only one activity (with a budget of less than $20,000)
explicitly refers to it. Nevertheless it is related to Expected Outcome I and working towards a
culture of peace. During the period under review, the third meeting of the Parties to the Second
Protocol to the Hague Convention resulted in the endorsement of the Guidelines for the
Implementation of the Second Protocol and the adoption of the Guidelines for the use of the
Fund. The Information Kit on the Hague Convention and its two Protocols was updated and
reprinted in various languages.
As with other Conventions, State Parties to the Hague Convention are required to periodically
report to the DG on the measures taken by their respective administrations in fulfillment of the
present Convention (and its two Protocols). This reporting requirement constitutes an
important mechanism for capturing policy change initiated by State Parties. In order to help
State Parties improve the quality and timeliness of the reports, a user-friendly questionnaire
was developed to assist State Parties in reporting.
In the context of conflict and post-conflict countries, UNESCO has also been instrumental in
protecting cultural heritage in countries such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cambodia, Iraq,
Afghanistan, and Mozambique, with some work directly targeting the policy level (Level II).
– The Moscow Office’s project for the rehabilitation of heritage in the Chechen
republic and South Caucasus was designed to promote partnership for the
safeguarding and rehabilitation of heritage in the post-conflict regions. The pilot
project on conducting the inventory, assessment and monitoring of the monuments
and their conditions located on the territory of the Argunski State Historical-
Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve was implemented in close co-operation
with the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation
and the Ministry of Culture of the Chechen Republic. The project has direct impact
on national policy for heritage safeguarding through inclusion of the prepared
inventory of the Chechen cultural monuments located on the territory under study
into the national inventory database of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian
Federation.
– The New Delhi Office undertook several activities over the years that finally led to
the National Disaster Management Authority of India to develop a strategy on
Disaster Management of the Heritage Sites.
– The Bamako Office contributed to various activities in Niger that were meant to
build the capacity of Government officials for cultural heritage protection, and
contributed to the development of a legal document for the protection and
management of cultural sites.
17
The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage of 2001 only
entered into force in January 2009. It is UNESCO’s main tool to improve the legal and
operational protection of underwater cultural heritage. Operational Guidelines are currently
under discussion.
In order to support the ratification and implementation of the Convention as well as to
introduce its scientific standards in national policy, a number of regional policy meetings were
held in 2008 and 20099. Additional meetings have been scheduled for 2010. The St. Lucia
meeting of 2008 specifically focused on the integration of the provisions of the Convention into
national legislation. At this occasion UNESCO provided a model law for the protection of
cultural heritage, in particular underwater cultural heritage, to the Caribbean States.
The activities under review employed a variety of mechanisms to integrate heritage
conservation into national and local policies (Level II). Among these mechanisms are:
– Support to a review of national cultural legislation to make sure that the provisions
of the Conventions have been integrated.
– Assistance to drafting of legislation
– Support to discussions about cultural policies at the regional level
– Support to the improvement of national cultural management plans
– Support to the preparation of a code of conduct for the protection of intangible
cultural heritage
– Translation of the Conventions into the local language to increase compliance
– Awareness-raising among government officials and communities about how to
integrate the provisions of the Conventions into development strategies and plans at
the regional, national and local levels.
The initiatives listed above are examples of work that contributed to the integration of the
preservation of cultural heritage into national and local policies (Level II). Overall, however, the
analysis shows that most activities undertaken in the 10 sample countries did not focus on the
kind of (Level II) policy work required to help Member States integrate the preservation of
cultural heritage into national and local policies. Instead, many focused on the implementation
of policies at the programme/project level (Level III) and were therefore expected to influence
the policy level indirectly.
Achieving a balance between upstream policy work and programme implementation will to a
large extent be determined by the maturity of the respective Convention. For more mature
9 Regional policy meetings were held in Saint Lucia (2008), UK (2008), Denmark (2008) and South Africa (2009). Further
meetings have been scheduled for 2010/2011 as follows: Cuba (for Latin America and the Caribbean), Italy (for Eastern Europe), Turkey (for the Mediterranean States), and the Solomon Islands.
18
Conventions, such as the World Heritage Convention of 1972, a lot of policy level work (Level II)
has already been done by many States Parties. The challenge for UNESCO is now to help States
Parties update their policies and strategies in light of new global developments and trends, and
to strategically complement this (Level II) policy work with initiatives at the programme/policy
level (Level III).
Less mature Conventions, such as the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage of 2003, call for increased focus on the policy level (Level II), because many
States Parties have not yet sufficiently incorporated the provisions of the Convention into their
national policies and strategies.
Without a clear approach in place for working on the Conventions, UNESCO’s efforts remain
fragmented, and therefore neither as relevant nor efficient as they could be.
3.2. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 2
National conservation policies and processes revised to take account of global trends such as climate
change, urbanization and migration
In the period under review, UNESCO has given some attention to climate change and cities,
primarily through meetings and several publications. Although it is fair to say that UNESCO staff
are more aware of the risks posed by climate change, the evaluators did not find any case
where national policies or legislation were updated or where there was a clear link with
UNESCO’s work. There was no evidence from the evaluation sample to indicate that UNESCO
concentrated on programmes to address these trends. As shown in ANNEX IV, there was not
one activity that clearly belonged to this Expected Outcome. The projects under review paid
scant attention to the global trends mentioned in Expected Outcome 2, i.e. climate change,
urbanization and migration, with the exception of the World Heritage Centre’s thematic
initiatives on climate change and cities. Therefore, for the sample of 10, progress towards
Expected Outcome 2 can be seen as negligible due to a lack of focused attention.
Culture Staff and partners are cognizant of the major impact of global trends on their work and
activities. However, this awareness has yet to become a determining factor in the development
of the work programme, perhaps because the needs in the field are still much more “basic.” It is
also significant that joint work with the Social and Human Sciences Sector of UNESCO on these
global trends of urbanizations, migration etc seems to be minimal.
A review of UNESCO’s Law database of 170 countries did not provide information on legislation
related to these issues. Little evidence was found that projects benefitted from knowledge and
good practice in these issues produced by institutions such as the World Bank, Asian
Development Bank or specialist organizations such as the International Council on Monuments
19
and Sites (ICOMOS) and ProVention and other UN agencies. The Royal Institute of British
Architect’s Trust ongoing International Dialogues on architecture and climate change constitute
another source of current thinking and case studies.
Climate Change
A review of the activities suggests that climate change is yet to be seriously addressed, although
some background research has been carried out by the WH Centre. A publication by the World
Heritage Centre10 highlights the impacts of climate change on 26 natural and cultural World
Heritage properties, along with ongoing and planned adaptation and mitigation measures. The
publication was prepared with inputs from relevant States Parties and experts in climate
change and heritage conservation.
The case studies demonstrate that even well recognized and protected icons of the natural and
cultural world are threatened by climate change, and that public awareness and support is
crucial for addressing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage. Although the impacts
of climate change on biodiversity and protected areas are relatively better known, very little is
known about the impacts on cultural heritage. While varying greatly from site to site, such
impacts on cultural heritage include direct physical effects on property, buildings, and
structures, and effects on social structures and habitats that could lead to changes in cultural
groups, or even the migration of societies currently sustaining the site. A more recent
publication looked specifically at Climate Change and arctic sustainable development: scientific,
social, cultural and educational challenges11
. This publication was prepared jointly by UNESCO’s
Culture (1972 and 2003 Conventions) and Science Sectors.
Little operational work has been devoted to climate change and its impacts, with only two
activities related to risk-preparedness following a natural disaster in India in the sample.
The issue of climate change and World Heritage was first discussed at the 29th session of the
World Heritage Committee in 2005. Noting "that the impacts of Climate Change are affecting
many and are likely to affect many more World Heritage properties, both natural and cultural in
the years to come," the Committee decided to further investigate the subject. Since then, a
Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses and a report
entitled Predicting and Managing the Effects of Climate Change on World Heritage have been
developed and endorsed by the Committee.12
10
Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage; 2007. 11
“Climate Change and arctic sustainable development: scientific, social, cultural and educational challenges”, UNESCO, 2009. 12 World Heritage Paper 22.
20
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is particularly concerned about
climate change in the context of the World Heritage Convention:
“Climate Change is one of the most significant threats to many World Heritage properties, and is an area
where the World Heritage Convention has the potential to show significant leadership. IUCN considers
that World Heritage properties provide a platform to develop best practice in designing strategies to
adapt to climate change. This will require creative thinking and this should be the subject of a targeted
strategy and fundraising activity. IUCN is willing to take a lead role in such an initiative. The scope for
closer cooperation arrangements with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change should be
discussed.”13
Urbanization
Over 200 urban properties are inscribed on the World Heritage List and cities are one of the
most abundant and diverse categories of heritage. The process of urbanization shapes much of
cultural heritage whether cultural sites, intangible heritage, museums or trade in cultural
objects. Aware of the need to stay at the forefront of international practice and to contribute to
ongoing debates involving development of standards and practices of urban conservation, a
World Heritage Cities Programme was established to assist States Parties in their efforts to
protect and conserve their urban heritage. Because cities have a constant need for upgrading or
further development of infrastructure, housing and services, the World Heritage Cities
Programme aims to address the permanent challenge of how to accommodate the needs for
modernization and investment in historic cities and city centres without compromising historic
character and identity.
Expert, regional, and international meetings have been organized or attended by the World
Heritage Centre in association with its partners in the context of UNESCO's initiative on the
Safeguarding of Historic Urban Landscapes. An Expert Planning Meeting on Historic Urban
Landscapes, was held at UNESCO Headquarters in 2008 and a Regional Conference on Historic
Urban Landscapes in the Americas, in 2007 in Olinda, Brazil.
Historic Urban Landscapes is an important new concept. It was defined to better address the
contemporary socio-economic transformations that do not respect the authenticity and
integrity of historic cities and their landscape. It provides general principles that acknowledge
the continuous change in functional use and social structure as part of the city’s tradition, and it
proposes policies and strategies for proper planning processes. UNESCO’s General Conference
decided at its 35th session in 2009 that existing UNESCO standard-setting instruments relating
to the conservation of historic urban landscapes should be supplemented by a new
recommendation on this matter. This is an important step forward in dealing, in an
intersectoral manner, with new trends that affect the protection of World Heritage.
13 “The Future of The World Heritage Convention: Challenges for The Next Twenty Years,” IUCN, Quebec meeting, 2008
21
In Mozambique, the UNESCO office has placed emphasis on working with remote communities,
arguably as a means to retard urbanization. In India, the Indian Heritage Cities Network and the
creation of an India Urban Cultural Foundation are further indications of attention to urban
issues.
Migration
Migration is a thematic issue that has not yet been addressed directly by the Culture Sector. On
the basis of the documents reviewed and the interviews conducted, UNESCO does not seem to
have looked systematically at the impact of migration on cultural heritage. Some respondents
noted that the safeguarding of intangible heritage was necessary as a result of migration, but
without any reference to systematic analysis. The questionnaire completed by culture staff
found that 63 % strongly agreed or agreed that a focus on the revision of national conservation
policies and processes to take into account global trend is key, while 29% neither agreed nor
disagreed.
There are, however, several sites on the Tentative Lists14 in which migration plays a role:
– The archeological site of Tanais: following migration of Greek settlers in the 3rd
century who came from Bosporon to the mouth of the Tanais river (now Don) which
was the area of habitation and migration of various tribes, Tanais quickly developed
into an emporium.
– Chinese Section of the Silk Road: Land routes in Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai
Provinces, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous
Region and Sea Routes in Ningbo and Quanzhou Cities from the Western-Han to
Qing Dynasties. Archaeological and palaeoanthropological data show that the Silk
Road had functioned as the main road for migration and communication before the
Western Han dynasty (206 BC - 25 AD).
– The Marshlands of Mesopotamia of the Ma'dan population unaccounted for in
population censuses. One anthropological study put their number at 400,000 in the
1950s. Economic migration between the 1960s and the 1980s had reduced the
population to an estimated 250,000 by 1991.
– World Heritage cultural sites or rock carvings: The property's collection of Neolithic
and Iron Age sites, together with rock art found there, reflects a major migration
route of Bantu and other peoples from West Africa along the River Ogooue valley to
the north and east of the dense evergreen Congo forests.
14
States Parties are encouraged to submit in their Tentative Lists properties which they consider to be cultural and/or natural heritage of
outstanding universal value and therefore suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List.
22
3.3. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 3
New forms of international cooperation developed to strengthen the application of the 1970 Convention
(The Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property)
Expected Outcome 3 represents Level III of working on the 1970 Convention, i.e., strengthening
of international cooperation to support the implementation of the Convention at the
programme level. The outcome is supported by MLA 3 of the 34 C/5, “Enhancing the protection
of cultural objects, the fight against illicit trafficking in them, and the development of museums,
particularly in developing countries”.
From the sample review, all ten Field Offices had conducted small-scale activities linked to the
1970 illicit traffic convention, mainly in relation to awareness raising. Most of these activities
related to museum management, training for curators, etc. rather than international
cooperation. No extrabudgetary activities related to the 1970 convention were found in the
sample. A search of the database shows: one Memorandum of Understanding on the
imposition of import restriction between USA and Cambodia 2008 on archaeological materials
from Cambodia, and information on countries adopting legislation. Within the sample of 10
countries no other examples of international cooperation were found.
In other countries, however, the evaluation found a small number of projects in support of the
1970 Convention. Types of cooperation that were used included workshops on legal issues
related to the Convention, the application of the Convention with law enforcement, ministry
and heritage experts; training courses for law enforcement staff; use of a regional
governmental forum to discuss legislative reform; and invitations to private sector art market
representatives to participate in UNESCO workshops. Participants included academic
institutions, professional organizations, and national police forces. Among these projects are
the following:
– The Andean workshop on application of 1970 UNESCO Convention on Illicit Traffic of
Cultural Goods involved Interpol France, Law School of London, Carabinieri of Italy,
International Council on Museums for Latin American and the Caribbean, with
coordination of the Ministry of Natural and Cultural Heritage of Ecuador and the
National Institute of Heritage, national cultural attorney generals, heritage centers,
and institutes.
– In the Palestinian territories, despite the volatile situation, RP funds were used to
organize two training courses for Palestinian Authority police and security forces (54
officers from the Tourist Police and other various forces), in police networking
23
aspects and Object ID during the period under review. In previous years similar
trainings were also held in other countries.
– In an effort to link the various actors in the art market, both public and private, in
the fight against the illicit traffic of cultural property, a representative of Christie’s, a
leader in the art market, participated in a workshop (Fifteenth Session of the
Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its
Country of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation).
The types of organizations with which the Convention cooperates include: international bodies
such as UNIDROIT, Interpol, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), UNODC and
ICOM; regional governmental bodies such as Inter-parliamentary Assemblies; bi-laterals such as
GTZ; national institutions such as Ministries, Tourist Police, police forces etc; educational
institutions such as law schools; the private art market, including Christie’s and Sotheby’s and
the French Syndicat National des Antiquaires; and societies for the protection of cultural
heritage such as Europa Nostra, the Union Europeene des Demeures Historiques and others.
Although projects focusing on new forms of international cooperation to strengthen the
application of the 1970 Convention are few, in the opinion of culture staff who responded to
the questionnaire, slightly more than half either strongly agreed or agreed that new forms of
international cooperation are in place to strengthen the 1970 Convention. This points to weak
awareness of the actual work of the Convention.
Progress towards Expected Outcome 3 can be judged as modest but strategic, especially in
regard to engaging with the private art market and experimenting with a range of activities to
raise awareness and influence legislation. There are some examples of well designed activities,
but the geographic scope is quite limited due to resource constraints. It needs to be pointed out
that during the period under review only one professional staff member at HQ was dealing with
the implementation of the 1970 Convention.
3.4. Progress made towards achieving Expected Outcome 4
Role of museums recognized by decision-makers as part of formal and non-formal education
programmes
UNESCO’s programme for the safeguarding of cultural objects was re-established in 2004, with
renewed interest in museums since 2007. This is reflected in the section’s name, the Section of
Museums and Cultural Objects. This institutional decision recognizes the role of museums in
promoting the Illicit Traffic Convention, the Hague Convention, and broader social and
economic development objectives.
24
Few museum experts would dispute the educational potential of museums as places where all
sorts of education can take place, including learning about diversity and reconciliation.
UNESCO’s museums programme has responded to corresponding needs in Member States with
numerous activities to support museums when exercising their educational role and developing
their educational messages. Staff members asserted that in the museum projects, mainly in
developing countries, UNESCO promotes awareness that museums are not just repositories of
cultural goods but have an educational role. This is done through advocacy, training, capacity
building, production of educational tools etc. Examples of such initiatives are mentioned below.
By supporting inventory activities a number of the projects with museums are also directly
linked to the implementation of the Illicit Traffic Convention.
In the survey of partners, in response to the question on recognition by decision-makers of the
role of museums in education, 71% responded affirmatively. Moreover, respondents to the
questionnaires noted the support provided by governments and decision-makers of museum
projects, especially in developing and post-conflict (or ongoing conflict) countries that
demonstrates their belief that museums can provide neutral territory for diverse cultures to
learn as part of formal or non formal education programmes. This confirms the finding of the
present evaluation that decision-makers in the museum sector have recognized the educational
role of museums and cooperate with UNESCO in strengthening this educational role.
Some of UNESCO’s initiatives that support museums when carrying out their educational work
are the following:
– In Afghanistan, UNESCO has developed a "Policy Framework for the Rehabilitation of
the Museum Sector" that has become the museum policy statement for the country,
with clear objectives with regard to the educational role to be played by museums,
and steps to contribute to this.
– The "Riwaya Museum - Bethlehem" (Museum of Narratives) represents Palestinian
tangible and intangible heritage in a contemporary way. It foresees a strong
educational component, especially for children and youth, being based on
interactive multimedia display. A permanent educational workshop is based at the
museum premises. The project involves institutions as the Ministry of Tourism and
Antiquities and the Municipality of Bethlehem as key partners as well as many other
stakeholders from the Civil Society.
– In Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, a project aiming at developing guides for the
permanent collections targeting schools was implemented. These guides have been
used during schools visits and have provided pedagogical tools for teachers to
discuss the visit and make students aware of cultural artefacts in museum.
25
– Numerous projects in all regions funded by the US Contribution to UNESCO
supported the development of online databases of museum collections. These can
be used for researchers and eventually be part of websites that allow students and
the public in general to learn more about their collections. For example, nine
museums in Guatemala came together to create a web portal about their museum
that is also a link for students/teachers. Another project sponsored by the US
Contribution in Honduras created new links with local communities and also
developed new learning resources for students.
– In Mozambique, a project undertook activities that reinforced the principles of strict
linkage between Education-Culture through the organization of public outreach
activities in remote schools and communities. The project furnished museums with
appropriate equipment and educational activities are undertaken in the community,
school-community and vice-versa. Sensitization and use of museum replicas for
communities are some of the successful activities undertaken within the framework
of the project.
– The UNESCO/ICOM Regional Training for trainers “Running a Museum” for museum
professionals of the CIS in association with the UNESCO Cluster Office in Almaty and
UNESCO Office in Tashkent within the Agreement between UNESCO and IFESCCO
(Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cooperation)
took place in, 2008, in partnership with the Peter the Great Museum of
Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera). 25 Museum professionals from 9
countries, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic
of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were trained and
prepared for conducting national trainings in their respective countries.
– One of the flagship projects of the museum division is the Nubian museums,
bringing together activities to safeguard intangible heritage and address social and
cultural dislocations caused by forced resettlement. The project aims at creating the
Nubia Museum of Wadi Halfa, on the Sudanese side of the border between Egypt
and Sudan. This is done in close cooperation with the Nubia Museum of Aswan. The
raison d’être of the Wadi Halfa Museum is to complement the Aswan Museum with
Nubian artifacts from Sudan and to be a community-based museum and cultural
centre for the Nubian people living in the area. The project also helps with the
creation of new tools of international cooperation between Egypt and Sudan, as the
two countries cooperate closely in it, both at the level of Museums (Nubia Museum
of Aswan, National Museum of Khartoum) and at that of authorities (Ministries of
Culture and tourism, regional authorities such as the governors of Aswan and Wadi
Halfa) and the private sectors (sponsors). The project has also launched a regular
cooperation between the two countries to train museum staff.
26
The initiatives mentioned above are interesting examples of UNESCO’s engagement with
museums in Member States and show that serious efforts have been made by the museums
programme to strengthen the educational role of museums at the programme level. However,
not many initiatives were found (within the sample of 10 countries) that directly target the
policy level of the museum sector and try to help Member States anchor the educational role of
museums in relevant policies and strategies.
Moreover, even though the formulation of Expected Outcome 4 can be interpreted in various
ways, it is the understanding of the evaluation team, that “the recognition of decision-makers
of the role of museums as part of formal and non-formal education programmes” also calls for
cooperation between the museum sector on one side and the education sector and/or non-
formal education mechanisms on the other, and for the integration of the educational role of
museums in the policies and strategies of the education sector. This should be considered a
must if UNESCO’s engagement with museums is to have a long-term perspective and be
sustainable.
Current initiatives at the programme level therefore need to be complemented by strategic
work undertaken with the policy level of the education sector in Member States. Naturally, this
also requires increased cooperation between the museums programme of UNESCO and
UNESCO’s education sector. The World Heritage in Young Hands programme, although not
museum related, paves the way for inter-sectoral cooperation between Culture and Education .
The evaluation concludes that there is little evidence to support UNESCO’s role in forging an
explicit link between museums and the formal education sector and informal education
mechanisms in Member States, despite the Organization’s stated priority to increase the
educational role of museums. There is only scant evidence that points to decision-makers in
formal and informal education paying heed to museums as a direct result of UNESCO
intervention. The evaluation has not discovered any explicit strategy by the Culture Sector to
link museums and education, and within the sample there are no joint inter-sectoral
programmes with the Education Sector of UNESCO, and (with one or two exceptions) Field
Office museum activities are not linked to ministries of education (see Section 3.8). Although
museum activities are numerous, progress toward Expected Outcome 4 is therefore very
modest.
As the museum’s section is young, being established in 2005, further progress can be expected
if adequate funds and staff are allocated to this programme area and lessons are learned from
past experience.
27
3.5. UNESCO’s comparative advantages
As the only United Nations agency responsible for the protection of cultural heritage, UNESCO
administers and promotes five international normative instruments. There is evidence of
enormous respect and goodwill towards UNESCO for its work internationally and in Member
States. UNESCO’s strengths are perceived to lie in its international stature, prestige,
infrastructure, and networks, which place it in a leadership position to develop policy and
practice and broker relationships and resources. According to the questionnaires, UNESCO is
well viewed by its partners and by its staff. Interviews also confirmed that UNESCO enjoys
significant comparative advantages, but is limited by its small regular budget.
UNESCO Culture staff expressed strong agreement or agreement to the Organization’s standing
as a leader in heritage protection, with 97% responding in the affirmative. Interestingly, some
75% strong agreed or agreed that UNESCO provides effective policy advice to States Parties.
This perception does not correspond to our analysis of activities. The vast majority (88%) also
agreed that the Organization has a comparative advantage in its cultural and natural heritage
protection and enhancement work, while 53% believed the Organization demonstrates a strong
comparative advantage in its work to safeguard intangible heritage. UNESCO’s comparative
advantage in regard to museums was weakly defended with 31% neither agreeing nor
disagreeing and 53% agreeing or strongly agreeing.
The partners’ responses gave a strong endorsement to UNESCO as a respected leader in
protecting cultural heritage, with 97% strongly agreeing. Strong positive reactions were also
given to questions concerning effective policy advice to States Parties (88%) and comparative
advantage in work with all the Conventions (92% for the protection of immovable cultural and
natural properties, 89% for intangible heritage, 84% for the protection of cultural objects and
the fight against illicit trafficking, and 73% for the development of museum, respectively,
strongly agreed or agreed).
The following views were expressed on UNESCO’s particular strengths and potential
contribution to conservation practice during the field visit to Accra and by implementing
partners and programme beneficiaries through the questionnaire:
– UNESCO is recognized as the UN agency for culture and has an official role in the
relevant Conventions
– UNESCO has a global and national perspective, helps broker international links and
partnerships, contributes to international networking, and opens experience of
otherwise distant countries
28
– UNESCO’s collaboration with ICOMOS and the International Centre for the Study of
the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) strengthens its
expertise in cultural heritage protection and promotion
– UNESCO has the back-up of National Committees which can serve as a conduit to
local level stakeholders
– UNESCO’s history of engagement with cultural conservation represents a strong
brand.
In summary, UNESCO’s comparative advantage with regard to the protection of cultural
heritage lies in its ability to assist States Parties to work on the Conventions. This especially
relates to helping States Parties integrate the provisions of the Conventions in their policies,
legislation and development plans (Level II). UNESCO’s involvement with regard to the
implementation of the Conventions at the programme / project level (Level III) is also relevant.
However, it should be undertaken strategically in order to complement the work at the policy
level (Level II) and not as stand-alone activities. Furthermore, more efforts should be made to
build strategic partnerships with other organizations, such as for instance NGOs or research
institutions, which are better positioned to conduct some of the kind of Level III work that
UNESCO is currently undertaking.
3.6. Africa priority
Although the Africa priority is well publicized, the Organization does not yet have a coherent
strategy for supporting Field Offices in Africa to develop cultural projects and to raise funds for
their implementation. In addition, staffing and the capacities of States Parties impede progress.
In the sub-Saharan Africa Field Offices there are only nine staff members of rank P3 and P4
assigned with a culture brief.
New institutions such as the Africa World Heritage Fund hold promise of improving the
implementation of the WH Convention and the representativeness of the World Heritage List.
Among Category 2 institutions in Africa are the Institute of African Culture and International
Understanding (IACIU) under the auspices of the Federal Government of Nigeria and the
Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library.
During the period under review, the Conventions have made some headway in ratification by
sub-Saharan African Member States. Five Member States have now ratified the World Heritage
Convention, 21 the Intangible Heritage Convention and two the Illicit Traffic Convention. To
date, no African Member States are signatories to the Underwater Convention. Since 2006, the
World Heritage Convention has added six sites in Africa; the Intangible Heritage Convention has
added 18 sub-Saharan African elements to its list of 90 Representative List.
29
Budgetary allocations vary. The sample of ten Field Offices included two offices in Africa (refer
to Table 3). Bamako is a cluster office covering Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger, while the
Maputo Office is a national office. In comparing the 33 and 34 C/5 budget allocations, the RP
budgets for Bamako more than doubled, while those for Maputo fell. On the other hand,
Maputo has been successful in mobilizing a considerable amount of extrabudgetary resources,
which Bamako has not.
Table 4 RP and EXB allocations to Bamako and Maputo, 33C/5 and 34C/5
33 C/5 34 C/5
RP budget EXB Budget RP budget EXB Budget
Bamako 62,350 74,470 146,800 0 Maputo 75,200 3,065,670 50,000 729,730
Source: FABS.
Questionnaires and interviews point to differing views as to UNESCO’s involvement in Africa:
some remarked that there was no overall strategy for delivering a coherent programme of
assistance to Africa and that activities were implemented on an ad-hoc basis where and when
staff members were ready to do so. There was no guidance for staff members to know which
countries or activities to prioritise and why. Others called for more money and staff for Africa,
which means accepting to dedicate less to other regions.
Culture staff were unconvinced about the Organization’s contribution to meeting the Priority
Africa expected results with only a third strongly agreeing or agreeing, although the majority
agreed that Priority Africa was relevant to the Culture Sector’s work to protect immovable and
natural properties, intangible heritage, illicit traffic and museums. The strongest agreement for
Priority Africa being relevant to the Sector’s work was recorded for cultural and natural
property and for intangible heritage.
3.7. Gender priority
Explicit activities to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment are rare in the
activities reviewed, nor has gender been systematically mainstreamed in policies, programmes
and projects supported by the sector. Overall, the evaluation observed a lack of gender
perspective in much of the sector’s work. There seems to be a lack of clear understanding on
the side of culture staff as to how gender could be integrated in the work on the Conventions,
especially when assisting countries integrate the provisions of the Conventions into national
policies and strategies (Level II).
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The gender-related questions in the survey sent to Culture staff were often left unanswered.
For those who responded, the strongest positive response (71% agreeing strongly or agreeing)
was that the Gender Equality priority is relevant to the Culture Sector’s work to safeguard
intangible heritage. Concerning the relevance of Gender Equality to the conservation of
immovable cultural and natural property, 58% agreed strongly or agreed. In contrast only 29%
believed the Gender Equality priority is relevant to the Culture Sector’s work to enhance the
protection of cultural objects and the fight against illicit trafficking in them. Of the respondents,
27.5% agreed that Gender analysis of the situation has been carried out to identify contextual
constraints and opportunities as it relates to the Culture programme activities managed by
their respective Office or Headquarters Division, while only 23% of respondents agreed that the
Gender Equality priorities were consistent with the priorities of the States Parties to the
Culture-related Conventions. Five respondents stated that gender was either not applicable or
had no successes to report.
Examples provided by Culture Staff concerning gender equality include:
– Projects designed and activities executed specifically during 2008-2009 biennium
integrated gender equality such as the workshops on Andean craft, meetings on the
1970 UNESCO Convention, and Expert meetings of the Cacao Route project
– At training programmes gender issues have been taken into account and data on the
participants for the first time has been sex-disaggregated
– The project on conducting master-classes on traditional carpet weaving for young
craftswomen from the Gala settlement, Azerbaijan, in September 2006
– In Armenia, the pilot project “Promoting Roads of Culture and Tourism in Armenia
for Sustainable Development and Dialogue”, was initiated in 2007 by the Moscow
Office in Partnership with the Armenian National Commission for UNESCO and
developed within the UCPD for Armenia, in order to mobilize cultural resources for
sustainable development. The follow-up project initiated in 2008 is aimed at
promoting sustainable cultural tourism at World Heritage and other sites with a view
to contributing to the economic and social development of local communities, in
particular youth and women, and promoting their participation in the management
of the sites and the coordinated conservation and promotion of the tangible and
intangible heritage with a special emphasis on rehabilitation of national cultural
centers near historical sites
– In Egypt, Mobilization of the Dahshur World Heritage for Community Development
aims at community economic and social development through the valorization of a
World Heritage Site. This development will be achieved through tourism and crafts
activities launched by the project, in particular women development, especially
through crafts training.
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Significantly, one Field Office respondent commented that “the implementation of the 2003
Convention is an occasion for communities and national authorities to discuss the cases where
ICH is harmful to gender equality.” Few Field Offices projects explicitly focus on woman’s
participation; in most of these women are mentioned in the context of handicraft promotion
and less often tourism development.
Suggestions from Culture Sector respondents to strengthen gender equality included:
– Culture programmes should highlight the benefits of gender mainstreaming, rather
than presenting them is a purely rhetorical manner.
– More staff awareness and more tools to use to mainstream gender in our day-to-day
work.
Slightly less than half of UNESCO partners considered gender to be either non-applicable or
absent. On the other hand, those who thought gender to be applicable, provided an interesting
range of examples of gender related efforts from participation in project design, staffing,
training, stakeholder consultation to provision of work space for women.
In 2003 a workshop was organized by UNESCO to discuss how to accommodate gender issues in
the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage. This was an important initiative, which needs to
be followed up. The gender needs of the other four Conventions under review have not been
assessed so far and no Convention-specific tools exist that would help staff (and partners)
working in the Culture Sector better understand how gender could be mainstreamed when
working on Levels II and III of the Conventions.
3.8. Intersectoral and inter-disciplinary work
Despite UNESCO’s stated priority for intersectoral working, the evaluation found only marginal
intersectoral activity. None of the projects implemented by the Field Offices under review
demonstrate true intersectoral working which is unexpected given Field Offices bring together
staff from various disciplines in one office. This was also true of the Accra Office.
Culture staff were asked to give their views on the contribution of culture to UNESCO’s
Intersectoral Platforms. The strongest responses were recorded for the platform to support
countries in post-conflict and disaster situations (67%) and contributing to the dialogue among
civilizations and cultures and a culture of peace (87%). The most negative response was to
Science education (31% disagreeing), followed by UNESCO action to address climate change
(22%).
These responses indicate that the intersectoral platforms have yet to become a working tool for
joined up working, although they do point out issues that are of most concern to staff, namely
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post-conflict and disaster, dialogue among cultures, and Priority Africa. Some staff have
explained that because budgets are not attached to intersectoral platforms, there is little
incentive to design intersectoral activities. Several staff explained that they had indeed
attended meetings of the platforms, but found them to be unproductive.
It is striking that for the sector as a whole little intersectoral work is being carried out between
culture and education, notably in regard to museums and education. Similarly, only limited
interaction was mentioned in regard to science. The Social and Human Sciences Sector of
UNESCO, which works on urbanisation, migration etc. and is thus relevant for Expected Outome
2, is not evident in any joint working. It is also telling that within the Culture Sector, synergies
and intrasectoral work between divisions are minimal, for example between the World Heritage
Centre and the Division of Cultural Objects and Intangible Heritage.
Efforts are made, however, by the two Secretariats of the 1972 and 2003 Conventions to
increasingly strengthen their cooperation around the two Conventions. This is becoming more
and more necessary, because of the number of States Parties to the 2003 Convention who also
participate in statutory meetings of the 1972 Convention, and increasing awareness of the
challenges related to implementing both Conventions at the national level. The Culture Sector
also supported projects in Member States (Kenya and Tanzania) that are related to intangible
heritage present in World Heritage sites.
3.9. Monitoring and reporting
Despite results-based management training and the existence of self-help tools, more needs to
be done to strengthen RBM practice. A major challenge is the absence of an explicit programme
logic. For instance, the linkage between the expected results of successive C/5’s and the
achievement of the expected outcomes of the C/4 is rather ambiguous as is the relationship
between certain activities and the expected results.
The systematic monitoring of project progress is not consistently done. For example,
monitoring data is not systematically gathered from project beneficiaries through the use of
formal data collection tools such as interviews, surveys, etc. There is a strong emphasis on
monitoring and reporting at the output level. Hence, greater efforts will be needed to improve
the overall quality and reliability of monitoring data. Developing a solid evidence base for the
outcomes of UNESCO’s work is a pre-requisite for attracting additional support and resources
and for better understanding the value of UNESCO’s work.
Project management and monitoring systems now in effect do not capture necessary
information to allow for snapshots of the status of projects and learning about project results.
During the period under study, SISTER held insufficient information to be of real use for project
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management; it sheds little light on the achievement of C/4 expected outcomes and is
perceived as difficult to use by some Field Offices. In general, extrabudgetary projects – i.e.
project documents, mid-term progress reports, terminal reports - provide more complete
information than regular programme activities. Overall there is a need to re-examine the logic
and practice of reporting.
Knowledge management within UNESCO, within Field Offices and between Field Offices and
Headquarters has not fully benefitted from the advances brought about by the use of
information technology. Project documents in some FOs are largely paper based, institutional
memory is often a personal matter, and handover protocols are lacking. This leads to serious
inefficiencies and inadequate sharing of information and learning. The World Heritage Centre,
with its new website, has shown considerable improvement in information sharing. Overall,
however, there is little exchange of experience among Field Offices and Headquarters and
between sectors about lessons learned and good practice.
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4. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion 1 The Culture Sector has made considerable efforts to support Member States with the ratification and implementation of the Culture Conventions. This also includes some examples of work specifically designed to help with the integration of the preservation of cultural heritage into national and local policies, as foreseen in Expected Outcomes 1 and 2. However, during the 34th biennium these examples do not abound. The evaluation has tried to show that work on the Conventions has to target various complementary levels in order to be comprehensive and sustainable. The Sector’s current approach to working on the Conventions lacks a clearly articulated framework that provides guidance as to the kind of technical assistance that is to be provided at a given stage of a State’s ratification and implementation process. Global trends such as climate change, globalization and migration are not being systematically addressed.
Recommendation 1.1 Develop a comprehensive, strategic and integrated approach to working on the Culture Conventions that guides culture staff in their efforts to develop an optimal mix between up-stream and down-stream activities, taking into account:
– The maturity of the respective Convention, and
– The level at which support should be provided. This could be support to the
ratification of a Convention, support to the implementation of a Convention at the
policy level (integration of the provision of a Convention in national legislation,
policies, development plans), and support to its implementation at the programme /
project level, or a combination thereof
Recommendation 1.2 Sharpen the focus of capacity development activities to those
most effective (such as specialized training, train-the-trainers, work through
national/regional training institutions, regional workshops etc.)
Recommendation 1.3 Support State Parties to the Conventions to include emerging
trends such as urbanization, climate change and migration in their national culture
conservation policies.
Conclusion 2 Reports from State Parties are one of the most important mechanisms and sources of information to monitor progress made in terms of integrating the provisions of the Conventions into national and local policies. This information should be increasingly used to work towards the Expected Outcomes of SPO 11 and to decide on the focus and type of technical assistance to be provided to State Parties, including any initiatives to strengthen their capacities to work on the Conventions. Due to capacity constraints of the Culture Sector, the
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analysis of the reports from State Parties on the Conventions is often outsourced to external consultants.
Recommendation 2 Systematically analyze the reports submitted by States Parties to the General Conference of UNESCO and/or the appropriate Committee, especially with regard to whether and how States Parties have adopted policies and taken the legal, scientific, technical and other measures necessary for the protection of their cultural heritage. Strategically use this information to decide on the focus and type of support to be provided to Member States. These initiatives should be in line with the overall strategic framework to be developed for working on the Conventions. In addition, consider whether the analysis of the reports from States Parties, which is carried out to a large extent by external experts, could be further brought into the core functions of the organization.
Conclusion 3 The budget and human resources allocated to the 1970 Convention show that, compared with other Culture Conventions, the Convention is not treated as a priority by UNESCO. Expected Outcome 3 calls for new forms of international cooperation to be developed to strengthen its application. Several initiatives demonstrate that efforts have been made to strengthen joint work at the international level and that new forms of cooperation have been initiated in some Member States. However, these initiatives are few and usually not part of a larger approach to support the work on the 1970 Convention. With the current level of funding, it is unrealistic to expect that they will produce any major outcomes on a large scale.
Recommendation 3 UNESCO needs to take a strategic decision with regard to the importance to be given in the future to the achievement of Expected Outcome 3, which relates to the development of new forms of international cooperation to strengthen the application of the 1970 Convention on Illicit Trafficking. Above all, this decision will involve a reflection about how UNESCO could better act as a catalyst for new forms of international cooperation to strengthen the 1970 Convention, and related to this, about possibilities for partnerships and the allocation of resources for the achievement of this outcome.
Conclusion 4 UNESCO’s museums programme has done considerable work with museums, including awareness-raising about the educational role of museums, undertaking initiatives to strengthen museums’ capacity to provide educational activities, improve museum management, develop museum policies, etc. Currently no explicit strategy exists to link the work with museums with the Education Sector, and only few activities are undertaken that target the policy level of the education sector, for instance by supporting Member States in their efforts to integrate the educational role of museums in relevant education policies, strategies or plans. This, however, would be important in order to ensure the educational role of museums in the long run. UNESCO should put increased emphasis on strengthening the policy level role of museums, while continuing to complement this work with programme level activities that enhance the capacity of museums to educate and to manage their work.
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Recommendation 4 Work more directly with the Education Sector of UNESCO and with education sectors and relevant non-formal training institutions in Member States to ensure that museums are officially recognized as part of formal and non-formal education programmes. This would result in the integration of the work with museums in relevant education policies, strategies and plans, and the joint implementation of programmes by formal and non-formal education mechanisms and museums.
Conclusion 5 UNESCO’s Africa priority has been well publicized and a list of expected results for Africa included in the current C/5 Culture Programme and Budget. However, this does not provide adequate guidance to the Culture Sector on how to focus on Africa, what African countries to primarily work with, how to support Field Offices in Africa, which Expected Outcomes to give special attention to in Africa, how to raise extrabudgetary funds for Africa. This lack of guidance makes strategic programming difficult if not impossible and leads to interventions that happen on an ad hoc basis and often without any links to other activities supported by the Sector.
Recommendation 5 Develop a coherent framework for the Culture Sector’s work in Africa, taking into account the recommendations contained in the World Summit Outcome document. The framework should give clear direction to the Culture Sector on, inter alia, how to implement UNESCO’s Priority Africa in the context of the Sector’s work. It should specifically provide guidance on geographic and thematic priorities, fund raising issues, and on how to support Field Offices in Africa etc.
Conclusion 6 Gender is beginning to become part of UNESCO’s way of thinking, as demonstrated by the inclusion of gender equality as a priority in UNESCO’s C/4 Mid-Term Strategy and C/5 Programme and Budget and UNESCO’s Gender Priority Action Plan 2008 – 1013, and there are some instances in which gender equality is being actively addressed at the programme/project level. However, neither the integration of gender issues at the policy level nor at the programme/project level is currently being pursued systematically. A more systematic approach to mainstreaming gender and the promotion of women empowerment is therefore needed, especially for the work on the five Culture Conventions.
Recommendation 6 Assess how gender equality issues could be addressed in the five Culture Conventions when helping States Parties work on the implementation of the Conventions at the policy and programme levels. Develop a practical culture sector-specific toolkit for how to mainstream gender in the portfolio of the Culture Sector, especially with regard to its work on the Conventions, and develop expertise in the Culture Sector on how to use the toolkit. Management in the Culture Sector must be held accountable for both gender mainstreaming and gender-specific programming in line with the commitments outlined in UNESCO’s Gender Priority Action Plan 2008 – 2013.
Conclusion 7 UNESCO Country Programming Documents provide a point of reference and tool of consensus on country priorities in relation to the Culture Sector and the implementation needs of the five Conventions under review. They help determine the direction and content of
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UNESCO support and facilitate policy dialogue with Member States and coordination with other bilateral and international stakeholders. In the absence of a country programming document it is difficult for culture staff in National Offices to participate in policy dialogue around the five Culture Conventions under review and to establish strategic partnerships with other international players who could contribute to and complement the work of UNESCO.
Recommendation 7 In the absence of mechanisms to encourage policy dialogue with Member States and donor coordination around cultural issues, UNESCO should further strengthen the development of UNESCO Country Programme Documents so that they always reflect the Culture Sector’s strategic priorities for a given country.
Conclusion 8 The Culture Sector does not systematically assess and report on progress made towards the Expected Outcomes pertaining to SPO 11. This often makes it nearly impossible for the Sector to demonstrate what has been achieved at the outcome level. It also does not allow for the Sector to use any data on outcomes to inform decision-making at the policy and implementation levels. While some information is available on the level of activities and expected results of the C/5 Programme and Budget, it is not always clear how these expected results contribute to the Expected Outcomes.
Recommendation 8 Systematically assess progress made towards the achievement of the Expected Outcomes of SPO 11. This involves clarifying the programme logic i.e. how the achievement of the Expected Results of the C/5 lead to the achievement of the Expected Outcomes of the C/4. Strengthen staff capacity for project design, monitoring and reporting.
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ANNEX I TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference Evaluation of UNESCO’s Strategic Programme Objective (SPO) 11:
“Sustainably protecting and enhancing cultural heritage”
Background
Strategic Programme Objectives (SPOs) were first adopted in the UNESCO Medium Term Strategy for 2008 – 2013 (34 C/4) and programmed for implementation in the current biennium (2008 – 2009). The Medium Term Strategy includes a total of 14 SPOs for the entire programme of UNESCO which concretizes a number of overarching objectives in programme-relevant and thematic terms. SPO 11 is one of three SPOs implemented by UNESCO’s Culture Sector. The six-year Medium Term Strategy translates into three consecutive programme and budget documents, starting with the 2008-2009 period (document 34C/5), which contain expected results, performance indicators and benchmarks. SPO 11 is an example of the specific application of UNESCO’s overall strategy on culture which is driven by cultural diversity and its corollary, dialogue. Since protection and enhancement of cultural heritage represent a major part of Culture Sector’s work programme with regard to cultural diversity, SPO 11 is considered as a crucial Strategic Programme Objective. In addition, all aspects of cultural heritage – movable and immovable, tangible and intangible - have been addressed by UNESCO’s normative action in five culture-related standard-setting instruments
15, which provide a solid basis for the promotion of cultural diversity.
The expected outcomes for SPO11 as given in the 34 C/4 are as follows: The preservation of cultural heritage and its effects on development, social cohesion and peace integrated into national and local policies. National conservation policies and processes revised to take account of global trends such as climate change, urbanization and migration. New forms of international cooperation developed to strengthen the application of the 1970 Convention. Role of museums recognized by decision-makers as part of formal and non-formal education programmes. Programmatic activities are delivered from both Headquarters and UNESCO Field Offices. In the current 2008 – 2009 programme period, the main lines of action that contribute to SPO 11 include protecting and conserving immovable cultural and natural properties, safeguarding living heritage, enhancing the protection of cultural objects and the fight against illicit trafficking in them, and the development of museums. The budget allocated to programmatic activities contributing to SPO 11 is $42,552,000
16 (of which $32,082,600 in extrabudgetary funds
and $10,469,400 in regular programme funds).
Purpose of the Evaluation
Evaluations at the level of the SPOs were decided upon as a vehicle to respond to the Executive Board’s decision: “ensure provision for systematic evaluation of all programmes within the C/4 cycle” (175EX/Decision 26). The evaluation of SPO11 was programmed in the 34 C/5 Evaluation Plan. The purpose of all SPO evaluations is to assess progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO and to examine how progress might be enhanced through improving programme policy, design and delivery.
15 Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), Prohibiting and
Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property (1970) and Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954)
16 UNESCO 34C/5, page 124
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The SPO11 evaluation should assist UNESCO’s Governing Bodies, the Governing Bodies of the five Conventions, Senior Management and the Culture Sector by making recommendations, based on clearly stated evidence, of the following nature: Whether the current level of funding is adequate for the programmes that contribute to the SPO; if possible, the evaluation will give indications as to whether funding should be increased or decreased for any projects or programmes Whether the current geographical spread of programmes and activities best meets the demands of the SPO Whether new programme delivery mechanisms or modalities need to be developed or existing ones diminished Which capacities need to be built in order to more effectively meet the expected outcomes of the SPO Whether changes need to be made to internal structures and organizational policies/procedures to more effectively meet the expected outcomes of the SPO Which relationships, both inside and outside UNESCO and the UN, need to be strengthened to meet the expected outcomes of the SPO. Evaluation Scope
The evaluation is expected to reach findings and draw lessons learnt17
on:
Progress made towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO Where UNESCO’s comparative advantages currently lie and where they potentially lie Evolving areas of strategic importance to which UNESCO may need to pay more attention The extent to which the two global programme priorities of Africa and gender equality have been addressed through the SPO The degree of intersectoral and interdisciplinary work The relevance, efficiency, effectiveness including cost-effectiveness, impacts and sustainability for a sample of projects and programmes An indicative list of questions to be answered by the evaluation is presented in Annex A. The evaluation team will be expected to further develop this list during the inception phase in consultation with the Reference Group. The questions will be presented in the first deliverable, the inception report, as part of the overall evaluation framework and methodology. The evaluation will focus on programmatic activity of the biennium in which the evaluation is taking place (2008-09). However, given the timing of this evaluation which is to occur in the first half of 2009, part of the evaluation will focus on programme activities planned in the previous biennium (2006 – 2007). It may be necessary to go back to even earlier biennia, particularly for capturing the key events in the evolution of the programmes under study. The evaluation will cover Regular Programme funding and extrabudgetary funding that are expected to contribute to the SPO. All of UNESCO’s programmatic work under SPO 11 takes place through the promotion and implementation of the five aforementioned normative instruments (footnote 1). A sample of programmes and projects, and the country(ies) to be visited, will be identified by IOS in consultation with the Reference Group. In view of the Africa priority, it is anticipated that one of the country visits will be to an African country. The sample will vary depending on the nature and distribution of programme activities. As a guideline, the sample should contain 20%–40% of the programmatic financial resources dedicated to the SPO, and take into account the following: High representation of programmatic activities that have not recently been subject to external evaluation Priority areas identified by the Evaluation Reference Group
17
Lessons learnt are generalizations based on evaluation experiences with projects, programmes, or policies that abstract from the specific circumstances to broader situations.
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Wide geographical coverage based on the financial allocations, with special consideration given to Africa Balance between programmes and projects managed by Headquarters and field offices Joint initiatives with other UN agencies.
Evaluation Methodology
The methodology will include: Desk study, comprising: (1) mapping of activities, projects and programmes to identify the Regular Programme Main Lines of Action and extrabudgetary projects that belong to the SPO; (2) summary of findings and recommendations of previous evaluations that relate to the SPO; (3) a listing of all normative instruments (declarations, recommendations and conventions) that relate to the SPO; (4) a listing of related evaluations undertaken by other organizations. Document review: Report of the Director-General on the activities of the Organization (document C/3); Report by the Director-General on the Execution of the programme (document EX/4); project documents, annual progress reports, final reports and evaluations of extrabudgetary projects; mission reports; internal think pieces; UNESCO Country Programme Documents; UNDAFs; evaluations, studies and research of other UN organizations and stakeholders on the subject being evaluated Data extracted from SISTER, a database containing all work plans and monitoring data Questionnaires and surveys Interviews, discussions and workshops Field office visits Roles and responsibilities
IOS is responsible for the overall management of each evaluation and quality assurance of the deliverables. The external consultant and IOS will form a team to conduct the evaluation. Where resources permit, IOS will participate in the field missions. IOS will work closely with the consultant in data collection and analysis, the drawing of conclusions and formulation of recommendations and drafting of the report. IOS has established a Reference Group for the evaluation comprising staff from the Culture Sector, the Bureau of Strategic Planning and IOS. The Reference Group will advise on the Terms of Reference and the selection of the external consultant, provide comments on the draft evaluation report and provide guidance on appropriate actions to be taken in response to evaluation recommendations.
Logistics
The evaluation team will commonly be responsible for their own logistics: office space, administrative and secretarial support, telecommunications, printing of documentation, etc. Suitable office space will be provided for the consultants when they are working from UNESCO offices (in Paris Headquarters or in the field). The evaluation team will also be responsible for dissemination of all methodological tools such as surveys, but IOS will facilitate this process to the extent possible by providing contact information such as email addresses. With regards to field visits, the relevant Field Office and IOS will assist the evaluation team in providing programmatic documentation, setting up meetings and providing security clearance documents, etc. The evaluation team is responsible for all travel related costs, including transport to and from the airport and transport to and from interviews. The travel costs should be itemized in the financial proposal. Deliverables and Schedule
The evaluation team will be required to deliver four key deliverables in English or in French. Any parts relating to Spanish-speaking countries (e.g. country reports, case studies, and project based reports) may be written in Spanish with summaries in English or French.
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Inception report: containing the evaluation framework, detailed evaluation methodology, project/programme sample, work plan and logistical arrangements. Workshop: to present findings and tentative recommendations to the Reference Group Evaluation report of between 25–35 pages (excluding annexes) to be structured as follows:
− Executive Summary (3–4 pages)
− Description of the SPO
− Evaluation purpose
− Evaluation methodology
− Main findings (structured against each of the points in paragraph 5 and presented in terms of achievements and challenges)
− Lessons learnt
− Recommendations
− Annexes (including interview list, detailed data, details of the data collection instruments, key documents reviewed, Terms of Reference, synthesis report from the review of past evaluations related to the SPO)
− The evaluation team will provide the deliverables according to the following indicative timetable:
Deliverables and Schedule Date
Start up meetings in Paris 11 – 15 May 2009 (tentative)
Inception report 15 May 2009
Workshop 1 July 2009
Draft evaluation report 7 July 2009
Final evaluation report 31 July 2009
Evaluation Team Qualifications
The core evaluation team will ideally be comprised of two international consultants. Depending on the evaluation approach developed by this core team, other national consultants, advisers and/or agencies with specific expertise in the culture field may be hired to contribute to the evaluation process. The team will include two staff members of the Internal Oversight Service who will provide methodological guidance and manage the evaluation process. The evaluation team should possess the following qualifications: The team leader will possess at least 10 – 15 years of professional experience in programme and project evaluation of relevance to policy making, to include international experiences. He/she will also have a strong record in leading and/or conducting evaluations (required). Advanced university degree in specialized fields of culture, social sciences, humanities, public policy, or related field (required). Professional experience/expertise in the field of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including at the international level (required). Strong knowledge of the United Nations, including previous work experience or assignments for the UN (required). One team member will have experience in gender analysis or gender evaluation methodologies (required). Excellent oral communication and report writing skills in English or French (required). Other team members will also have professional experience in programme and project evaluation (preferred). Two samples of previous evaluation work, preferably relevant to the subject of this evaluation, must be submitted as part of the technical proposal. Preference will be given to evaluation teams that are multicultural with appropriate gender balance and geographic representation.
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Reference Documents
The following is a preliminary listing of relevant hyperlinked documents. The Culture Sector and IOS may add documents to this list as necessary. UNESCO Medium Term Strategy 2008-2013 - 34 C/4 UNESCO Evaluation Plan 2008-2009 - 34 C/5 UNESCO Approved Programme and Budget, 2008-2009 - 34 C/5 UNESCO Approved Programme and Budget, 2006-2007 - 33 C/5 UNESCO Approved Programme and Budget, 2004-2005 - 32 C/5 Report of the Director-General on the Activities of the Organization in 2006-2007 – 35 C/3 Detailed Report on the Activities of the Organization in 2006-2007: Major Programme IV – Culture - 35 C/3 Report by the Director-General on the Execution of the Programme adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV – Culture - 180 EX/4 Report by the Director-General on the Implementation of the Programme and Budget (33 C/5) and on Results Achieved in the previous biennium (2006-2007) Major Programme IV – Culture -179 EX/4
Report by the Director-General on the Execution of the Programme Adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV – Culture - 177 EX/4 Report by the Director-General on the Execution of the Programme Adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV – Culture - 176 EX/4 Report by the Director-General on the Execution of the Programme Adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV – Culture - 175 EX/4 Previous Evaluations, Audits and internal progress reports: Management Audit of the World Heritage Centre Report (WHC.07/31.com/19a.rev) Progress report on the implementation of the recommendations of the 2007 Audit (WHC.08/32.com/17) Performance indicators for World Heritage (WHC-06/30.COM/12) Result-Based Management Framework and Roadmap for World Heritage (WHC-06/30.COM/INF.12) UNESCO’s Action to help Member States Prevent Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property (2005) Evaluation of the Slave Route Project (2005) Culture Heritage Management and Tourism: Evaluation and Mainstreaming (2005) Evaluation of the World Heritage Fund’s Emergency Assistance activities (2005)
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Normative instruments-related documents: Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage Operational Directives for the implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Heritage Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention Report of the WH Committee on its activities 2006-2007 Report of the WH Committee on its activities 2004-2005 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention
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ANNEX II EVALUATION QUESTIONS
Progress made towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO
What has been the progress made towards the achievement of the expected outcomes of SPO 11? What are the main reasons for the achievement or non-achievement of expected outcomes? Where UNESCO’s comparative advantages currently lie and where they potentially lie, in particular UNESCO’s
ability to respond effectively to complex contemporary problems through intersectoral and interdisciplinary
action
What specifically are UNESCO’s comparative advantages as it concerns SPO 11? Is UNESCO making effective use of those comparative advantages? What impact, if any, are the recently introduced intersectoral platforms having on the delivery of SPO 11? What impact, if any, are other intersectoral and interdisciplinary actions/modalities having on programme delivery and the achievement of the SPO 11 expected outcomes? The extent to which the two global programme priorities of Africa and gender equality have e addressed
through the SPO
What progress has been made in the implementation of the gender mainstreaming strategy? How effectively are the specific needs of girls and women addressed through the SPO? To what extent does the SPO take into account Member States needs as articulated by the African Union, through its NEPAD programme? What progress has been made in addressing the outcomes and recommendations of the African Union on culture (Khartoum Summit)? Are these two global priorities consistent with the priorities of the States Parties to the Conventions, as spelled out in the conventions themselves, the operational guidelines, etc? Has addressing the two priorities in the relevant SPO 11 programmes proven to be feasible and useful in all cases? What lessons can be drawn for improvements in the future? The relevance, efficiency, effectiveness including cost-effectiveness, impacts and sustainability (for a sample of
projects and programmes)
Are the project/programme objectives addressing identified needs of the target group(s)? Could the activities and outputs been delivered with fewer resources without reducing their quality and quantity? What is the effect of internal administrative procedures on programme delivery in terms of cost, staff time and the quality of outputs (results)? Is the geographical distribution of permanent and temporary staff involved in programme execution adequate to ensure the delivery of planned activities and planned outputs? What has been the progress made towards achievement of the expected results? What are the reasons for the achievement or non-achievement of expected results? Is the project/programme cost-effective, i.e. could the outcomes and expected results have been achieved at lower cost through adopting a different approach and/or using alternative delivery mechanisms? What is the likelihood that the benefits from the programme will be maintained for a reasonably long period of time if the programme were to cease? Is the programme supported by local institutions and well integrated with local social and cultural conditions?
45
ANNEX III EVALUATION PLANNING MATRIX
Key Evaluation Questions Data Sources Collection Methods Comments / Sampling
I. What progress has been made towards achieving the expected outcomes of SPO 11? Sub questions:
To what extent have the programmes that contribute to SPO 11
influenced national and local policies, in particular conservation
policies and policies aimed at preserving cultural heritage?
To what extent have national conservation policies and
processes been revised to take into account global trends such
as climate change, urbanization and migration? What new forms of international cooperation have been
developed to strengthen the application of the 1970
Convention?
How have UNESCO programmes contributed to having the role
of museums better understood and recognized by decision-
makers, in particular in formal and non-formal education
programmes in Member States?
How has UNESCO inter-sectoral action / cooperation contributed
to the expected outcomes?
What are the main reasons fro the achievement or non-
achievement the expected outcomes?
Programme implementing partners Programme beneficiaries Culture ADG Culture staff at HQ and Field Offices UNESCO results-based reporting documents (C/3, EX/4, SISTER, mission reports)
Document review Questionnaires Interviews Field visit
Criteria that will be used to assess outcomes include: Examples of how UNESCO programmes have influenced policy development processes. Examples of new policies adopted and/or existing policies improved as a result of UNESCO programmes. All Culture staff will either be interviewed or subject to questionnaire. The questionnaire will reach partners and beneficiaries in 10 countries, 2 per 5 regions. One field visit to Accra, Ghana.
46
II. To what extent have the programmes that contribute to the SPO addressed the two global programme priorities of Africa and Gender Equality? Sub-questions:
What progress has been made toward the expected outcomes of
the Gender Equality Action Plan?
How effectively are the specific needs of girls and women
addressed through the SPO?
To what extent does the SPO take into account Member States
needs as articulated by the African Union, through its NEPAD
programme? What progress has been made in addressing the
outcomes and recommendations of the African Union on culture
(Khartoum Summit)?
Are these two global priorities consistent with the priorities of
the States Parties to the Conventions, as spelled out in the
Conventions themselves, the respective Operational Guidelines,
etc?
Has addressing the two priorities in the relevant SPO 11
programmes proven to be feasible and useful in all cases? What
lessons can be drawn for improvements in the future?
Programme implementing partners Programme beneficiaries ADG Culture ADG AFR BSP Director of Division for Gender Equality Culture staff at HQ and Field Offices UNESCO results-based reporting documents (submission to BSP on contributions to GEAP, C/3, EX/4, SISTER, mission reports, relevant UNESCO reporting to NEPAD and AU)
Document review Questionnaires Interviews Field visit
Criteria that will be used to assess the two priorities include: Performance indicators given in the Gender Equality Action Plan and 34C/5 (para 04007 and 04008) Expected results and indicators given in 34 C/5 (pages 136 – 137) Sample of project documents will be reviewed to see how gender and Africa have been mainstreamed
47
III. Where do UNESCO’s comparative advantages currently lie and where do they potentially lie? Sub questions:
What specifically are UNESCO’s comparative advantages as it
concerns SPO 11?
How effectively is UNESCO making use of those comparative
advantages?
What effect, if any, are the recently introduced intersectoral
platforms and interdisciplinary actions/modalities having on
programme delivery and achievement of the SPO 11 expected
outcomes?
Programme implementing partners Programme beneficiaries Culture ADG Culture staff at HQ and Field Offices UNESCO results-based reporting documents (C/3, EX/4, SISTER, mission reports) Meta analysis of previous evaluations
Document review Questionnaires Interviews Field visit
48
ANNEX IV WORK ON THE CONVENTIONS WITH EXAMPLES
Level The three stages of working on the
Conventions
Examples of technical assistance (that has been or
could be provided by UNESCO to support State
Parties’ work on the Conventions) RATIFICATION / ACCEPTANCE / APPROVAL /
ACCESSION
Awareness raising (with key policy makers) about provisions of the Conventions Support to countries to prepare for ratification Etc.
IMPLEMENTATION AT THE POLICY LEVEL
integration of the provisions of the Conventions into national legislation, regional / national policies, development plans
Awareness raising (with key policy makers) about the need to translate Conventions into concrete legislation, policies, development plans Leadership development programmes to foster policy makers’ commitment to integrate provisions of the Conventions into national legislation, regional / national policies, development plans Support countries through policy / legislation analysis (to establish how provisions of the Conventions could be integrated into national legislation, policies, development plans, or whether new legislation, policies, development plans ought to be developed) Distribution of model legislation and policies Help individual countries draft legislation / policies / development plans to implement provisions of Conventions Regional workshops to facilitate exchange of experience among countries with regard to the integration of provisions of Conventions into national legislation, policies, development plans (such as, for instance, how to integrate into national education policies that museums play a role in formal and non-formal education programmes) Regional workshops to discuss specific issues pertaining to the Conventions and how to integrate these into national legislation and policies (for instance the issue of mutual legal assistance in the context of combating illicit trafficking of cultural objects and of promoting the return of objects to their countries) Support State Parties when developing their reports to the respective Committees on the legislative, regulatory and other measures taken for the implementation of the Conventions. Training of trainers, such as for instance of teachers working at civil service colleges or in pertinent university departments, about the Conventions and their integration into regional / national legislation, policies, and development plans International events that bring together stakeholders from developed and developing countries to exchange experience with regard to the implementation of the Conventions and to foster international cooperation and assistance Distribution of guidelines, tool kits, and other publications that are designed to help policy makers understand the provisions of the Conventions and how to integrate these provisions into national legislation, policies, development plans Etc.
IMPLEMENTATION AT THE PROGRAMME /
PROJECT LEVEL
application of national legislation, national / regional policies, development plans once the provisions of Conventions have been included, and
Awareness raising among the general public and pertinent professions around the issues (pertaining to the Conventions) that have been integrated in national legislation, policies, development plans (for example, the need to safeguard intangible cultural heritage including oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship,
49
implementation of those provisions of the Conventions that directly address the programme / project level.
etc.) National / regional / international workshops to raise awareness of the importance of safeguarding of the cultural and natural heritage, of combating illicit trafficking, of preparing for the protection of cultural and natural heritage in the case of armed conflict, etc. Build State Parties’ capacities to draw up inventories of the cultural and natural heritage present in their respective territories Help State Parties (in cooperation with communities and other stakeholders) develop (and propose to the respective Committees) Lists of Cultural and Natural World Heritage; Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity; Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Need of Urgent Safeguarding; as well as programmes, projects and activities for the safeguarding of cultural and natural heritage; etc. Strengthen institutional capacities of State Parties for safeguarding cultural and natural heritage, for combating illicit trafficking, for raising awareness and building commitment around these issues etc. Training of experts (working in areas such as research, preservation, protection of cultural heritage) etc. Training of trainers working in national and local training institutions (for instance for cultural and natural heritage management, preservation issues, etc.) Training of judges to apply national legislation (related to cultural and natural heritage protection or to combating illicit trafficking or other issues) Regional workshops to foster commitment for the provision of mutual legal assistance in the context of combating illicit trafficking and of promoting the return of objects to their countries Support to individual museums that want to strengthen their role in formal and non-formal education programmes National / regional workshops to strengthen inter-sectoral capacities to address new challenges related to the protection and conservation of cultural and natural heritage Etc.
50
ANNEX V TABLE OF PROJECTS ANALYZED
This table compiles the projects for the 10 Field Offices that constituted the sample provided / selected by IOS. The data extracted from FABS have then been reviewed according to the information available in SISTER (Qualitative monitoring reports and financial monitoring reports)
BAMAKO
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP BAM 34121310BAM Réunion sous-régionale de sensibilisation sur la convention 2003 pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel
11,100
33C5 RP BAM 34122211BAM Inventaire du patrimoine culturel immatériel dans quatre régions pilotes du Mali (Sikasso, Ségou, Gao, Koulikoro) et au Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou et Bobo Dioulasso)
6,250
34C5 RP BAM 4412300010BAM Réalisation de l'inventaire du patrimoine culturel immatériel en Guinée
76,800
33C5 RP BAM 34131102BAM Appui à la protection des sites culturels au NIGER dans le contexte post-conflit
20,000
33C5 RP BAM 34141203BAM Elaboration de guides sur les collections permanentes de à l'intention du public scolaire au Mali, au Niger et au Burkina Faso.
10,000
34C5 RP BAM 4413100017BAM Atelier régional de renforcement des capacités du personnel du Musée à la documentation contre le trafic illicite des objets et la conservation préventive
25,000
33C5 RP BAM 34112205BAM Appui à la réhabilitation des plans de gestion des sites du patrimoine du Burkina Faso et du Niger
10,000
33C5 RP BAM 34113108BAM Appui à la réhabilitation des sites du patrimoine mondial au Mali.
5,000
34C5 RP BAM 4411200012BAM Appui à la finalisation des dossiers d’inscription des pays du Cluster sur la Liste indicative du Patrimoine Mondial
34,248
34C5 RP BAM 4411203012BAM Appui à la finalisation des dossiers d’inscription des pays du Cluster sur la Liste indicative du Patrimoine Mondial
10,752
33C5 XB BAM 553MLI4000 PLAN D'ACTION DE SAUVEGARDE DU YAARAL ET DU DEGAL (MALI) - A UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY 74,470
51
BEIRUT
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP BEI 34122302BEI Soutient à la promotion par l'enseignement, et publication de CD de la musique savante ancienne dans le monde Arabe
15,000
34C5 RP BEI 4412200007BEI Safeguarding Intangible Heritage in Lebanon
2,954
34C5 RP BEI 4412260007BEI Safeguarding Intangible Heritage in Lebanon
4,073
33C5 RP BEI 34132202BEI Arab Regional Meeting on UNESCO Conventions for the Protection of Cultural Heritage
41,507
33C5 RP BEI 34141117BEI Training activity in preventive conservation for museum professionals in Lebanon
10,800
33C5 RP BEI 34141214BEI Workshop: Enhancing National Capacities for the Protection of Cultural Property
15,000
34C5 RP BEI 4413100029BEI Training Seminar on the application of the 1970 and 1995 Conventions
454
34C5 RP BEI 4413160029BEI Training Seminar on the application of the 1970 and 1995 Conventions
21,546
33C5 RP BEI 34113119BEI Capacity-building in State Parties 14,000
33C5 RP BEI 34113120BEI Promotion about World Heritage Preservation for the Young
10,000
34C5 RP BEI 4411200027BEI Workshop in World Heritage Education for School Teachers in Post-Conflict Areas
1,013
34C5 RP BEI 4411200069BEI National Workshop on "the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Event of Armed Conflict and its 2 Protocols"
1,454
34C5 RP BEI 4411260027BEI Workshop in World Heritage Education for YH
18,987
34C5 RP BEI 4411260069BEI National Workshop on "the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Event of Armed Conflict and its 2 Protocols"
18,546
33C5 XB BEI 222LEB4000 CAPACITY BUILDING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES AFFECTED BY 2006 WAR IN LEBANON 767,226
34C5 XB BEI 490GLO4001 Emergency safeguarding of the WH site of Byblos 100,000
CAIRO
52
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP CAI 34121319CAI Support to the two-day workshop on "Education to Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Arab States"
3,000
33C5 RP CAI 34122220CAI Inventory-making and field research on endangered traditions of the Nubian communities of Sudan, and their representation in the intangible section of the new under construction Museum of Wadi Halfa.
12,000
34C5 RP CAI 4412200008CAI Promoting Intangible Heritage in Egypt 25,000
33C5 RP CAI 34141109CAI Preservation of endangered cultural assets of the traditional Egyptian storytellers heritage and its instruments and tools
30,000
33C5 RP CAI 34141213CAI Protection of endangered objects in the National Museum of Khartoum, the museum of Gebal Barkal, and the Future museum of Wadi Halfa
29,900
34C5 RP CAI 4413100030CAI Museums as knowledge gateways for Nubian Culture
31,500
34C5 RP CAI 4413100031CAI Symposium on illicit traffic of cultural objects (to be held in Sana'a-Yemen)
20,000
33C5 RP CAI 34113145CAI Strengthen the protection of the world heritage site endangered of Zabid in Yemen
20,000
34C5 RP CAI 4411200028CAI Development versus Conservation in Zabid
4,423
34C5 RP CAI 4411203028CAI Development versus Conservation in Zabid
15,577
34C5 XB CAI 549EGY4000 Cairo Safeguarding Egyptian Traditional Festivals 58,997
34C5 XB CAI 536EGY4000 Conservation of the Wall Paintings of the royal tomb of Amenophis III 437,468
34C5 XB CAI 225EGY4000 Mobilization of the Dahshur World Heritage for Community Development 772,005
HAVANA
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP HAV 34122106HAV Development of methodological tools to promote the participation of the communities in the safeguarding of their intangible heritage (included endangered languages).
45,000
33C5 RP HAV 34122310HAV Establishment of Living Human Treasures national systems in Cuba and the Dominican Republic
15,000
53
33C5 RP HAV 34122509HAV The contribution of the Convention to sustainable developement: the use of ICTs
9,500
34C5 RP HAV 4412100007HAV Pilot Project: Route of the cultural heritage in the 3 Oriental Provinces of Cuba; a holistic safeguarding and coordinated preservation of the tangible and intangible heritage of communities
20,000
34C5 RP HAV 4412200013HAV Promoting and Safeguarding living heritage in LAC countries
37,585
33C5 RP HAV 34131402HAV Protection, management and restoration of endangered heritage sites in Haiti.
12,750
33C5 RP HAV 34141223HAV Enhancing the protection of endangered movable cultural properties of the region by coordinating the actions of the main concerned professionals
26,000
34C5 RP HAV 4413100051HAV Fostering technical and qualitative knowledge on creation and protection of museums and cultural objects at community level in Cuba and the Dominican Republic
39,250
34C5 RP HAV 4413100056HAV Prévention du transfert de propiété illicite des biens culturels en Amérique Latine et dans les Caraibes: le rôle des musées
44,100
33C5 RP HAV 34113114HAV Support to the implementation of the World Heritage Action Plan for Latin America and the Caribbean.
10,000
33C5 RP HAV 34113117HAV Inventory and study of the Cultural Landscapes related to the Slavery History in the Latin Caribbean countries (Havana Office Cluster)
2,500
34C5 RP HAV 4411200055HAV Support to local communities in managing sustainable tourism initiatives in cultural and natural sites, listed and non-registered in The World Heritage List specially using the framework of the Caribbean Capacity Building Programme(CCBP) or similar strategy
33,450
34C5 RP HAV 4411200058HAV Support to local communities in running sustainable heritage management initiatives in cultural and natural sites, inscribed in the World Heritage List, the indicative list, and/or recognized as national landmarks.
5,708
34C5 RP HAV 4411200059HAV Capacity building of community stakeholders (journalists and professionals in the field of education for the wider diffusion of UNESCO world cultural and intangible heritage programme.
20,000
54
34C5 RP HAV 4411240058HAV Support to local communities in running… 14,292
MAPUTO
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP MAP 34121309MAP Providing Technical assistance to the government with view to undertaking steps for ratification of the UNESCO 2003 Convention
6,500
33C5 RP MAP 34122203MAP Capacity building on the elaboration of national inventory in intangible cultural heritage
18,700
34C5 RP MAP 4412300018MAP Contribution to inventory-making of the Mozambican ICH through capacity-building and piloting in selected province(s)
20,000
33C5 RP MAP 34131106MAP Organization of a youth camp in the Island of Mozambique
20,000
33C5 RP MAP 34141219MAP Assist national museums to establish networking and prepare virtual inventories
20,000
33C5 RP MAP 34113116MAP Strengthening the protection of world heritage properties and in particular properties in danger
10,000
34C5 RP MAP 4411200021MAP Conservation and Management Plan for Mozambique Island (World Heritage Site C 599)
30,000
33C5 XB MAP 553MOZ4000 SAFEGUARDING THE CHOPI TIMBILA TRADITION IN MOZAMBIQUE - A UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY 56,500
33C5 XB MAP 503MOZ4000 DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF MOZAMBIQUE
3,009,170
34C5 XB MAP 519MOZ4000 Rehabilitation of the St. Sebastian Fortress, Mozambique. 729,730
MOSCOW
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP MOS 34122507MOS Strengthening capacities for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage in the cluster countries.
24,000
34C5 RP MOS 4412300031MOS Strengthening capacities of safeguarding and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage of the cluster countries
20,000
33C5 RP MOS 34131502MOS Promoting partnership for safeguarding and rehabilitation of heritage in the Chechen Republic and the South Caucasus.
24,000
55
33C5 RP MOS 34132208MOS Strengthening legislative activity of the cluster countries for protection and safeguarding of their cultural property and heritage.
25,000
33C5 RP MOS 34141212MOS Fostering museum-to-museum partnerships in cluster countries.
20,000
34C5 RP MOS 4413100050MOS Promoting partnership of museums as places for access to knowledge and enhancing the protection of cultural objects in the cluster countries
47,520
33C5 RP MOS 34113105MOS Reinforcing capacity-building for the protection and safeguarding of world heritage in the cluster countries.
30,600
34C5 RP MOS 4411200051MOS Strengthening national capacities for protecting cultural heritage and effective implementation of the World Heritage Convention in the cluster countries
65,000
33C5 XB MOS 553ARM4000 SAFEGUARDING OF ARMENIAN DUDUK MUSIC - A UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY 91,383
34C5 XB MOS 570RUS4000 CAPACITY-BUILDING TRAINING FOR CIS COUNTRIES IN MUSEUM MANAGEMENT 114,695
NEW DELHI
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP NDL 34121305NDL Support for the implementation of Intangible Heritage Convention
37,000
34C5 RP NDL 4412300028NDL Technical support towards the development of national inventories on intangible heritage
94,392
33C5 RP NDL 34131308NDL Cultural heritage management in post-conflict /post-disaster situations in Kashmir.
10,000
33C5 RP NDL 34141106NDL Preservation of Tribal Arts Collections, India
30,000
33C5 RP NDL 34141107NDL Preservation of the endangered cultural assets of H'mong, Yao and T'ai people
19,238
33C5 RP NDL 34141204NDL Capacities for protection of moveable cultural properties strengthened through conservation of collections/ Museums
10,000
34C5 RP NDL 4413100046NDL Capacity building of the museums as pedagogical institute, with particular focus on the representation of tribal cultures
20,000
33C5 RP NDL 34113107NDL Follow up to WH periodic report 10,000
56
34C5 RP NDL 4411200047NDL Support toward the integrated management plan of historical sites with particular focus on tourism development and heritage guide training (Support to WH site management plans; Heritage Passport, Heritage Guide Training)
63,046
33C5 XB NDL 553BHU4000 ACTION PLAN FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND PROMOTION OF THE DRAMETSE NGACHAM, BHUTAN - A UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HIERTAGE OF HUMANITY (2005 PROCLAMATION) 56,963
34C5 XB NDL 406IND4000 Network of Indian Cities of Living Heritage 25,745
PHNOM PENH
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP PNP 34122212PNP Capacity Building for Human Resources of the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts of Cambodia
5,000
34C5 RP PNP 4412306029PNP Revitalization of Khmer folktales/legends through movies.
20,000
33C5 RP PNP 34132219PNP National Workshop on the protection of Cultural Property and fighting against illicit traffic in Cambodia
7,000
33C5 RP PNP 34141231PNP Computerized Network of Cambodian Museums' Databases
6,000
34C5 RP PNP 4413100047PNP capacity building and training of staff related to institutions implementing the convention for the protection of cultural heritage such as the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MCFA),
48,348
33C5 RP PNP 34113121PNP Support to Standing Secretariat of International Coordinating Committee for Safeguarding and Development of Historic Site of Angkor (ICC Angkor) ensured by UNESCO
133,000
33C5 RP PNP 34113165PNP Strengthening capacities for the conservation and development of World Heritage Properties
17,000
33C5 RP PNP 34113202PNP Publication of reference book on World Heritage in Khmer
5,000
34C5 RP PNP 4411200048PNP ICC-Angkor (International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and the Development of the Historic Site of Angkor):
156,000
34C5 XB PNP 584CMB4000 Digitization and display of ancient Cambodian manuscripts 40,000
34C5 XB PNP 520CMB4004 Sauvegarde et développement du site historique d'Angkor 24,830
57
33C5 XB PNP 520CMB4002 SAUVEGARDE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU SITE HISTORIQUE D'ANGKOR CIC 2006 23,816
33C5 XB PNP 520CMB4003 SAUVEGARDE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU SITE HISTORIQUE D'ANGKOR CIC 2007 19,443
33C5 XB PNP 536CMB4012 SUPPORT TO THE FACULTIES OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE, ROYAL UNIVERSTIY OF FINE ARTS (RUFA), 2006-2007 CAMBODIA 195,445
34C5 XB PNP 536CMB4013 INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE ON THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR 47,545
34C5 XB PNP 534CMB4001 Safeguarding of the Angkor Wat Temple Cambodia 565,000
QUITO
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP QUI 34122101QUI Support for the creation of the International Marimba School in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
5,000
33C5 RP QUI 34122102QUI In connection with CAN and CLT/CPD, support and reinforce capacities of the project Recovery of the Ancestral Medicine and Prevention of Illness.
6,000
33C5 RP QUI 34122301QUI Creation of sub-regional and national systems of Living Human Treasures in the Andean sub-region.
10,400
33C5 RP QUI 34122501QUI Pilot project Survival of displaced population in Colombia and promotion of traditional knowledge in the socio-cultural and natural resources management.
5,000
34C5 RP QUI 4412200014QUI Workshop on inventories in the framework of the application of the 2003 UNESCO Convention in the Andean countries.
25,000
33C5 RP QUI 34132106QUI Heritage publication 19,395
33C5 RP QUI 34132201QUI Workshop for an State of the Art of the various conventions for the protection of Cultural heritage in the Andean countries
35,000
33C5 RP QUI 34141205QUI In connection with ICOM LAC and National Committees of ICOM, Workshop for museum specialist and curators on museum curation
25,750
34C5 RP QUI 4413100060QUI In coordination with UNESCO Havana Office, Andean workshop on application of 1970 UNESCO Convention on Illicit Traffic of Cultural Goods.
45,000
33C5 RP QUI 34113106QUI Training for specialists and managers of the Andean cultural-natural sites inscribed (specially in danger) and non-
12,350
58
inscribed in the World Heritage List
34C5 RP QUI 4411200067QUI Workshop for specialists and managers of the Andean cultural and natural sites inscribed and non-inscribed in the World Heritage List (follow up of the Cuenca Workshop 2007).
40,500
33C5 XB QUI 553BOL4001 ACTION PLAN FOR THE SAFEGUARDING OF THE CARNIVAL OF ORURO, UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY, BOLIVIA 120,232
33C5 XB QUI 552ECU4000 CAPACITY-BUILDING AND SUPPORT FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF INTEGRAL CULTURAL POLICIES IN ECUADOR 226,000
34C5 XB QUI 536BOL4002 PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF TIWANAKU AND THE AKAPANA PYRAMID, BOLIVIA 300,000
59
VENICE
Biennium RP/XB Div/FO Budget code Project title
Budget
Allocation
(USD)
33C5 RP VNI 34121301VNI Assistance to the SEE member states in ratification and implementation of the Convention
8,300
33C5 RP VNI 34122103VNI Assistance to the member states for identification of ITH in SEE
16,000
34C5 RP VNI 4412200012VNI Promotion and implementation of the provisions of the 2003 Convention in SEE
18,380
33C5 RP VNI 34131501VNI Safeguarding of cultural heritage in SEE 121,092
33C5 RP VNI 34141206VNI Assistance in development and management of museums in SEE
30,000
34C5 RP VNI 4413100052VNI Integrated protection of cultural objects through provisions of the 1970 Convention and current museum practices in Southeastern Europe
29,450
34C5 RP VNI 4413100054VNI Promotion and implementation of the 2001 Convention provisions in Southeastern Europe
30,000
33C5 RP VNI 34113104VNI Assistance in the preparation of tentative lists and preparation of management plans for WH sites in SEE
15,000
34C5 RP VNI 4411200052VNI Title of Activity / Southeastern Europe heritage conservation and management (SEE HCM)
50,000
34C5 RP VNI 4411200053VNI Safeguard of the Cultural Heritage in Kosovo
50,000
34C5 RP VNI 4411200054VNI Interaction between the concept of cultural tourism and national cultural policies in SEE
44,950
33C5 XB VNI 650RER0005 Office capacity building 420,058
33C5 XB VNI 553ALB4000 SAFEGUARDING ALBANIAN FOLK ISO-POLYPHONY - A UNESCO MASTERPIECE OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY 91,033
34C5 XB VNI 234ALB4000 Safeguarding Albanian Folk Iso-Polyphony - "The cradle that grew up the polyphony" 25,000
33C5 XB VNI 570RER4003 REGIONAL CENTER FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE 443,550
33C5 XB VNI 650RER4000 Cultural Activities in the Framework of the Cooperation within Europe 1,291,124
33C5 XB VNI 534INT4000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE VALORISATION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES FOR A MUTUAL DEVELOPMENT 85,586
60
33C5 XB VNI 530KOS4000 SAFEGUARD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN KOSOVO THE RESTORATION OF BOGODORICA LJEVISKA CHURCH OF PRIZREN 121,065
33C5 XB VNI 531KOS4000 Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in Kosovo: the restoration of Bogodorica Ljeviska Church of Prizren 76,336
33C5 XB VNI 534KOS4000 Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in Kosovo 1,418,440
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4011 4 paintings organ shutters Church S.Giovanni Crisostomo 31,412
33C5 XB VNI 576FRA4001 RESTORATION OF THE CEREMONIAL DINING ROOM AT THE FORMAL ROYAL PALACE ST MARKS SQUARE IN VENICE 388,577
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4009 RESTORATION OF THE PAINTING "MADONNA CON IL BAMBINO E CHERUBINI" BY BARTOLOMEO VIVARINI, CHURCH OF SANT'EUFEMIA 22,453
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4008 RESTORATION OF THE PAINTING MADONA CON BAMBINOIN TRONO 62,966
33C5 XB VNI 576AMI4000 VOTIVE MONUMENT UNDER PORTICO CASE NUOVE 24,020
34C5 XB VNI 576VNL4001 Restoration of the wooden pulpit Church San Lio 22,968
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4018 Acceptance of the inclusion in the UNESCO - Private Committees Program for the Safeguarding of Venice of the restoration of paintings representing "Bonta" and "Figura femminile in volo" by Tintoretto at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice (Save Venice Inc.) 21,965
34C5 XB VNI 576VIP4005 Institution of three bursaries for participant of the ICCROM 2009 Stone Course to be held in Venice 15,929
34C5 XB VNI 576VIP4004 Institution of three bursaries for participant of the ICCROM 2009 Stone Course to be held in Venice (16 April-3 July 2009) 15,929
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4012 RESEARCH GRANT FOR ENRICO LUCCHESE STUDY AND CATALOGING OF AN ALBUM BY ANTON MARIA ZANETTI AT THE FONDAZIONE GIRGIO CINI IN VENICE 19,065
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4014 Restoration of the altar of S.Girolamo and tomb of Girolamo Priuli situated in the Church of San Salvador in Venice 31,873
34C5 XB VNI 576SNV4000 Restoration of the back of the polyptic of the Holy Virgin in the Chapel of San Tarasio in the Church of San Zaccaria Venice. 55,731
34C5 XB VNI 576VIP4007 Restoration of the Canova Monument in the Basilica of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari (Frari Church) in Venice 15,915
61
34C5 XB VNI 507KOS4000 Restoration of the cathedral Church of Christ the Saviour in Prizren 221,567
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4013 PADRE ETERNO BY AGOSTINO DA LODI 5,410
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4016 Palladian Gala in Venice 31,665
34C5 XB VNI 576SVI4015 SVI Journal 2008 46,376
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4000 J. DEL FIORE GALLERIE DE L'ACCADEMIA VENICE 59,743
33C5 XB VNI 576COI4000 FIORIN ENRICO 56,602
33C5 XB VNI 576ACP4000 Annual General Meeting of the ACP 22,998
33C5 XB VNI 576VIP4001 ARCHEO CLUB D'ITALIE-SEDE: RESEARCH AND TRAINING RESTORATION OF THE INSCRIPTIONS ON WALLS OF THE TEZON GRANDE, ISLAND OF LAZZARETTO NUOVO 33,531
33C5 XB VNI 576VHI4000 Fund raising event - Biennale Architettura 23,077
33C5 XB VNI 576VIP4000 Recovery of the heavy-lift crane Amstrong Mitchell in the Arsenale - Phase I 165,141
33C5 XB VNI 576SWE4000 RESTORATION OF FOUR LIONS IN FRONT OF PORTA MAGNA OF THE ARSENALE IN VENICE 23,552
33C5 XB VNI 576FRA4000 Restoration of St. Mark's Horses 54,033
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4005 Restoration of the altar of San Nicola - Church of S. maria del Carmelo 47,179
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4006 Restoration of the four organ shutters by Gentile Bellini - Chiesetta of San Teodoro in Basilica of San Marco 151,270
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4007 Restoration of the painting "Annunicazione" by Paole Veronese at the Gallerie dell'Accademia 44,170
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4010 Restoration of the painting "Annunicazione" by Salviati, Church of San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti 17,721
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4003 Restoration of the painting "Pala Marcel" at the Gallerie dell'Accademia 31,220
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4002 RESTORATION OF THE PAINTING BY TINTORETTO -BENEDIZIONE DI SAN MARCO AL LUOGO DI FONDAZIONE DI VENNEZIA 30,104
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4001 Restoration of the Wooden Crucifix, Church San Martino 20,352
33C5 XB VNI 576COI4001 Restoration of the wooden sculpture Madonna del Rosario - Museo Diocesano d'Arte Sacra 12,204
33C5 XB VNI 576VHI4002 RESTORATION OF THREE HISTORICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE CINI FOUNDATION IN VENICE 19,156
33C5 XB VNI 576SVI4004 Scuola Grande di San Rocco - Restoration of the ceiling painting by J.Tintoretto 33,865
62
33C5 XB VNI 576VHI4003 THE GREAT ROADS OF CULTURE A VALUE FOR EUROPE 11,079
33C5 XB VNI 576VHI4001 VENICE BIENNALE WEEKEND 358,750
34C5 XB VNI 218BIH4000 COMMUNITY RECONCILIATION THROUGH POVERTY REDUCTION 300,000
34C5 XB VNI 576VIP4002 Purchase of various musical instruments for La Fenice Theatre 61,654
34C5 XB VNI 576VHI4004 Restoration in the Scuola Grande di San Rocco 25,928
34C5 XB VNI 576VIP4003 Restoration of the relief sculpture of Cristo Morto sorretto da due Angeli 14,600
34C5 XB VNI 568KOS4000 The restoration of Gazi Mehmet Pasha Hammam of Prizren 300,000
34C5 XB VNI 933ALB4000 Restoration of the historical centre of Gjirokastra in Albania 1,367,014
34C5 XB VNI 576VHI4005 RESTORATION PRIULI MONUMENT SAN SALVADOR 99,211
63
ANNEX VI QUESTIONNAIRE FOR UNESCO CULTURE STAFF
Introduction
This questionnaire is part of the external evaluation of UNESCO’s Strategic Programme Objective (SPO) 11: “Sustainably protecting and enhancing cultural heritage”. The overall purpose of the evaluation is to assess progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO and to examine how progress might be enhanced through improving programme policy, design and delivery. The evaluation will focus on regular and extrabudgetary programmatic activity from 2006 and completed by 2008. Please note that the programmatic work which relates to SPO 11 encompasses World Heritage, intangible heritage and movable heritage. Cultural expressions, cultural industries and intercultural dialogue are not part of the SPO 11. It is also important to note that all of UNESCO’s programmatic work under the SPO 11 takes place through the promotion and implementation of five normative instruments18. You will find more details regarding SPO 11 in the UNESCO Medium-Term Strategy for 2008-2013 (34 C/4).
Your responses to this questionnaire will be kept confidential and the results of all
respondents will be presented to UNESCO in summarised form only.
The questionnaire is a combination of multiple choice and open-ended questions. The
questionnaire should take approximately 30 minutes to complete.
Thank you for completing this questionnaire.
Respondent Information
Indicate where you are currently posted. (drop down menu)
□ UNESCO Field Office
□ Headquarters – WHC
□ Headquarters – ICH
□ Headquarters – MCO
□ Others
Indicate how long you have been posted there. (drop down menu)
18
Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property (1970) and Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954)
64
□ less than 1 year
□ 1 – 3 years
□ more than 3 years
Strategic Programme Objective 11
As described in the Medium-Term Strategy (34 C/4), SPO 11 is concerned with UNESCO’s
work to protect and enhance cultural heritage. UNESCO’s normative and standard setting
work is an important component of SPO 11.
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements.
The Culture programme
activities managed by your
Office or Headquarters
Division focus on the
implementation of the
following Conventions:
• Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• Safeguarding of the
Intangible Cultural
Heritage (2003)
• • • • •
• Protection of the
Underwater Cultural
Heritage (2001)
• • • • •
• Protection of the World
Cultural and Natural
Heritage (1972)
• • • • •
• Prohibiting and
Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export and
Transfer of Cultural
Property (1970)
• • • • •
• Protection of Cultural
Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict (1954)
• • • • •
SPO 11 identifies four Expected Outcomes to which UNESCO’s Culture activities are
intended to contribute during the 2008 – 2013 period.
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements.
65
The Culture programme
activities managed by your
Office or Headquarters
Division focus on the
following:
• Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• Expected Outcome 1:
The preservation of
cultural heritage and its
effects on development,
social cohesion and
peace integrated into
national and local policies
• • • • •
• Expected Outcome 2:
National conservation
policies and processes
revised to take account of
global trends such as
climate change,
urbanization and
migration
• • • • •
• Expected Outcome 3:
New forms of
international cooperation
developed to strengthen
the application of the
1970 Convention
• • • • •
• Expected Outcome 4:
Role of museums
recognized by decision-
makers as part of formal
and non-formal education
programmes
• • • • •
Progress towards Expected Outcomes
For each example please write up to 150 words.
You are asked below to provide examples of how UNESCO’s work has contributed to the achievement of expected outcomes. In your response, identify as clearly as possible the activity (e.g. undertaking research, facilitating workshop, holding conference), implementing partners (e.g. National Archeological Survey, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Tourism), beneficiaries of the activity, outputs produced (i.e. publications, trained staff) and, most importantly, how the beneficiaries have used the outputs thus contributing to the outcomes. Remember to distinguish between the outputs (e.g. publication on heritage and urban development produced, 100 heritage specialists
66
trained in sub-Saharan Africa, advice on intangible heritage convention provided in five countries) and outcomes (e.g. enhanced knowledge on heritage and urban development, capacities raised in sub-Saharan Africa, stronger legal framework for intangible heritage protection in five countries).
Provide an example(s) of how your Office’s or Headquarters Division’s work has contributed
to Expected Outcome 1. Please include information on policy changes and indicate if the
example (s) is financed under the regular budget or is extrabudgetary
•
•
Provide an example(s) of how your Office’s or Headquarters Division’s work has contributed
to Expected Outcome 2. Please provide information on policy changes and indicate if the
example (s) is financed under the regular budget or is extrabudgetary
•
•
Provide an example(s) of how your Office’s or Headquarters Division’s work has contributed
to Expected Outcome 3. Please provide details on the agencies that are involved in this
cooperation, budgets and implementation mechanisms.
•
•
Provide an example(s) of how your Office’s or Headquarters Division’s work has contributed
to Expected Outcome 4. Please give examples of educational activities that are linked to
museums.
•
•
What are the main reasons for the achievement and non-achievement of the Expected
Outcomes? Please cite specific opportunities or constraints for each of the examples you
have provided
•
67
•
UNESCO’s comparative advantages
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• UNESCO is a respected
leader in support of
protecting cultural
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO provides
effective policy advice to
States Parties in support
of protecting and
enhancing cultural
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
protect and conserve
immovable cultural and
natural properties
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
safeguard intangible
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
enhance the protection of
cultural objects and the
fight against illicit
trafficking in them
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work in
the development of
museums
• • • • •
68
• UNESCO is an effective
builder of States Parties’
capacity to protect and
enhance cultural heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s strength is
working at the global? or
international level in
support of protecting
cultural heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s strength is
working at national and
local levels in support of
protecting cultural
heritage
• • • • •
Please indicate UNESCO’s main strengths in comparison to other partners and / or providers of expertise in the area of protecting cultural heritage. Please consider its role in policy development.
•
•
Please indicate areas where UNESCO should be more active due to a comparative advantage or strength it possesses.
•
•
Please indicate areas where UNESCO should be less active due to a comparative disadvantage or weakness it possesses.
•
•
Indicate what are the other institutions/partners that play a key role, and what are their
advantages/ weaknesses compared to UNESCO
Intersectoral work
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
69
The Culture programme
activities managed by my
Office or Headquarters
Division contribute directly
to the platform on:
•
• Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
Science education • • • • •
HIV and AIDS • • • • •
Education for sustainable development
• • • • •
Contribution to the implementation of the Mauritius Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
• • • • •
Languages and multilingualism
• • • • •
Contributing to the dialogue among civilizations and cultures and a culture of peace
• • • • •
Support to countries in post-conflict and disaster situations
• • • • •
Priority Africa: coordinating and monitoring the plan of action to benefit Africa
• • • • •
UNESCO action to address climate change
• • • • •
• • • • •
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• I participate as a member of
one of the UNESCO
Intersectoral Platforms
• • • • •
• UNESCO Intersectoral • • • • •
70
Platforms are relevant
and useful to the Culture
sector’s work to protect
and conserve immovable
cultural and natural
properties
• UNESCO Intersectoral
Platforms are relevant
and important to the
Culture sector’s work to
safeguard intangible
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO Intersectoral
Platforms are relevant
and important to the
Culture sector’s work to
enhance the protection of
cultural objects and the
fight against illicit
trafficking in them
• • • • •
• UNESCO Intersectoral
platforms are relevant
and important to the
Culture sector’s work in
the development of
museums
• • • • •
• The Culture programme
activities managed by my
Office or Headquarters
Division benefit from
forms of UNESCO
intersectoral action /
cooperation other than
the Intersectoal Platforms
• • • • •
• The Culture programme
activities managed by my
Office or Headquarters
Division have achieved
results that could have not
been achieved without
the work done via the
Intersectoral Platforms
• • • • •
There are adequate incentives to work intersectorally
• • • • •
There are structures in place to facilitate intersectoral work
• • • • •
71
Provide an example(s) of intersectoral work that has successfully contributed to achieving
the Expected Outcomes of SPO 11 and explain the reasons for its success.
•
•
What lessons can be drawn from the experience with Intersectoral Platforms?
•
•
Provide your suggestions on how to improve intersectoral action and cooperation, in particular through the Intersectoral Platforms.
•
•
Gender Equality and Africa priorities
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements as it relates to SPO
11 – related programmatic work:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
The Gender Equality priority is relevant to the Culture sector’s work to protect and conserve immovable cultural and natural properties
• • • • •
• The Gender Equality
priority is relevant to the
Culture sector’s work to
safeguard intangible
heritage
• • • • •
• The Gender Equality
priority is relevant to the
Culture sector’s work to
enhance the protection of
cultural objects and the
• • • • •
72
fight against illicit
trafficking in them
• The Gender Equality
priority is relevant to the
Culture sector’s work in
the development of
museums
• • • • •
The Culture programme activities managed by my Office or Headquarters Division contribute to the achievement of the Gender Equality Action Plan expected outcomes
• • • • •
Specific needs of girls and women are addressed in the Culture programme activities managed by my Office or Headquarters Division
• • • • •
Gender analysis of the situation has been carried out to identify contextual constraints and opportunities as it relates to the Culture programme activities managed by my Office or Headquarters Division
• • • • •
The Gender Equality priorities are consistent with the priorities of the States Parties to the Culture-related Conventions
• • • • •
Monitoring data is collected in a sex-disaggregated manner
• • • • •
Provide an example(s) of how the Culture programme activities managed by you Office or
Headquarters Division has successfully contributed to achieving the Expected Outcomes of
the Gender Equality priority and explain the reasons for its success.
•
•
What lessons can be drawn from the experience to date in addressing the Gender Equality priority?
•
•
73
Provide your suggestions on how the Culture programme activities can better contribute to the Gender Equality priorities in the future.
•
•
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
Priority Africa is relevant to the Culture sector’s work to protect and conserve immovable cultural and natural properties
• • • • •
• Priority Africa is relevant
to the Culture sector’s
work to safeguard
intangible heritage
• • • • •
• Priority Africa is relevant
to the Culture sector’s
work to enhance the
protection of cultural
objects and the fight
against illicit trafficking in
them
• • • • •
• Priority Africa is relevant
to the Culture sector’s
work in the development
of museums
• • • • •
The Culture programme activities managed by my Office or Headquarters Division address Member States needs as articulated by the African Union, through its NEPAD programme
• • • • •
The Culture programme activities managed by my Office or Headquarters Division contribute to meeting the Priority Africa expected results
• • • • •
74
Priority Africa is consistent with the priorities of the States Parties to the Culture-related Conventions
• • • • •
Provide an example(s) of how the Culture programme activities managed by you Office or
Headquarters Division has successfully contributed to achieving the expected results of
Priority Africa and explain the reasons for its success.
•
•
What lessons can be drawn from the experience to date in addressing the Priority Africa
•
•
Provide your suggestions on how SPO 11 related work can better contribute to Priority Africa in the future
•
•
75
ANNEX VII QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EXTERNAL PARTNERS
SPO 11 Evaluation Questionnaire
UNESCO Partners and Beneficiaries
Introduction You have been selected by the UNESCO Field Office to participate in this questionnaire because of your involvement in and knowledge of the cultural heritage field and your strong collaboration with UNESCO. This questionnaire is part of the external evaluation of UNESCO’s Strategic Programme Objective (SPO) 11: “Sustainably protecting and enhancing cultural heritage”. The overall purpose of the evaluation is to assess progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of the SPO and to examine how progress might be enhanced through improving programme policy, design and delivery. Please note that the work which relates to the Strategic Programme Objective encompasses World Heritage, intangible heritage, and movable heritage. Cultural expressions, cultural industries and intercultural dialogue are not part of the Strategic Programme Objective. .
Your responses to this questionnaire will be kept confidential and the results of all
respondents will be presented to UNESCO in summarised form only.
The questionnaire is a combination of multiple choice and open-ended questions. The
questionnaire should take approximately 20 minutes to complete.
Thank you for taking your time to complete this questionnaire. UNESCO and the evaluators
consider the perspective of its partners very important.
Respondent Information
Which of the following categories best describes the organisation you work for?
• Government ministry or agency (national, state or local-level) responsible
for culture
•
• Other government ministry or agency •
• National or international development agency •
• Non-governmental organisation •
• University or research institution •
• Museum •
• Community-based organisation •
76
• Private sector •
• Other (please specify) •
UNESCO Activities and Results Achieved For each question please write up to 150 words.
Briefly describe your collaboration with UNESCO in support of protecting cultural
heritage in the period 2006 to 2008. What activities have you been involved in with
UNESCO, i.e. either as an implementing partner or as a beneficiary of UNESCO
activities? Please describe the projects including objectives, time frame, budget, and
achievements
•
•
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• UNESCO’s activities were
consistent with the country
priorities and needs
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s activities
addressed the needs of the
beneficiaries
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s activities
achieved their objectives
and expected results
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s activities have
had an impact on national
and local policy
development aimed at
preserving cultural heritage,
in particular the integration
of its effects on
development, social
cohesion, and peace
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s activities have
had an impact on policy
development, in particular
• • • • •
77
national conservation
policies that take account
of global trends such as
climate change,
urbanization and
migration
• UNESCO’s activities have
strengthened the application
of the 1970 Convention on
Prohibiting and Preventing
the Illicit Import, Export and
Transfer of Cultural Property
in your country
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s activities
have resulted in an
increased recognition by
decision-makers of the
role of museums in
education
• • • • •
What do you consider to be the three most significant achievements as a result of your
collaboration with UNESCO in support of protecting and enhancing cultural heritage from
2006 to 2008?
•
When project activities were successful in meeting their objectives and expected results,
what were the main reasons for the achievement?
When project activities were not successful in meeting their objectives and expected results,
what were the main reasons for the non-achievement?
Over the past 3 years have you noticed any changes in project activities developed together
with UNESCO? Please discuss any trends and innovations.
78
Has the UNESCO programme addressed gender equality? Please give examples
UNESCO’s comparative advantages
In the following statements, we use the term “comparative advantage” to mean a particular
strength which UNESCO possesses when compared with other agencies working in the field
of cultural heritage (national or international).
Please indicate to what extent you agree with the following statements:
• • Strongly
Agree
• Agree • Neither
agree
or
disagr
ee
• Disagree • Strongly
disagre
e
• UNESCO is a respected
leader in support of
protecting cultural
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO provides
effective policy advice to
States Parties in support
of protecting and
enhancing cultural
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
protect and conserve
immovable cultural and
natural properties
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
safeguard intangible
heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work to
enhance the protection of
• • • • •
79
cultural objects and the
fight against illicit
trafficking in them
• UNESCO demonstrates a
strong comparative
advantage in its work in
the development of
museums
• • • • •
• UNESCO effective
builder of States Parties’
capacity to protect and
enhance cultural heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s strength is
working at the global level
in support of protecting
cultural heritage
• • • • •
• UNESCO’s strength is
working at national and
local levels in support of
protecting cultural
heritage
• • • • •
Please indicate UNESCO’s main strengths in comparison to other partners and / or providers of expertise in the area of protecting cultural heritage.
Please indicate areas where UNESCO should be more active due to a comparative advantage or strength it possesses.
Please indicate areas where UNESCO should be less active due to a comparative disadvantage or weakness it possesses.
Please compare UNESCO to other international agencies active in the heritage
field.
80
Please compare your experience of Field Office and Headquarters working
relationships
Final comments
Please provide any additional comments about UNESCO’s achievements in support of protecting and enhancing cultural heritage, either at the global or national level.
81
ANNEX VIII ASSESSMENT OF ACCRA FIELD OFFICE INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
ACTIVITIES
Progress towards SPO11 outcomes – site visit to Ghana Cluster Field Office, 16th
– 19th
August 2009 The Accra Office serves the regional cluster of Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo. Of these, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Toga are signatories to the 2003 Convention, with a total of three expressions of ICH included in the Representative List (one of which, the Gelede oral tradition, is a trans-border expression covering Benin, Togo and Nigeria). The mission focused on progress in Ghana towards the safeguarding of ICH, explored in the course of
Meetings with government officials, academics and technical experts, and representatives of community organizations Discussions with UNESCO field office staff Consultation of written reports of projects completed in the period 2006-2008 Site visits to Cape Coast, Elmina and Usher Forts and their museums
In addition, documentation on actions towards the implementation of the Convention in cluster countries was consulted for the period in question. The aim of the evaluation mission was to establish progress in respect of the following priority areas:
Relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of activities in support of the Intangible Heritage Convention (2.1, 2.2) Preservation of cultural heritage and its effects on development, social cohesion and peace integrated into national and local policies (2.3) National conservation policies and processes revised to take account of global trends such as climate change, urbanization and migration (2.4) Evidence of gender mainstreaming and intersectoral approaches in the implementation the Intangible Heritage Convention (2.5) UNESCO’s comparative advantage in relation to the Intangible Heritage Convention (2.6)
2.1 Activities in support of the Intangible Heritage Convention
This report focuses on the following initiatives in support of the Convention during 2006-2008: 2.1.1 Education/awareness raising for the Convention: (Budget: $7,000) In 2007 UNESCO convened a sub-regional meeting on ICH in order to encourage more Member States to ratify the Convention and to discuss and spread good safeguarding practice. (Report
unavailable) 2.1.2 Inventories:
Reinforcing and publishing inventories: support the cluster States party to the 2003
Convention in articulating, understanding and signing of the convention (Expenditure: $39,939.88) Planned outcomes: strengthening international cooperation and safeguarding capacities of communities and Member States; produce ICH inventories and strategy for safeguarding ICH Collection and listing of ICH in Benin, Ghana and Togo (Budget: $15,000) Planned outcomes: production of inventories; documentation and dissemination of good practice. The relationship between these two inventory projects, and allocation of funds
between them, is unclear.
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The inventory for Ghana was commissioned from Prof. Sutherland Addy at Institute of African Studies at the University of Ghana, Legon, and published in December 2008. The inventory drew in part on the national Folklore Board’s study on regional folklore profiles19. The inventory for Togo was reviewed and returned because the report referred only to the Gelede oral tradition (from the Convention’s Representative List). A new draft was expected but funds may no longer be available for completing the project until the next biennial. The inventory for Benin was commissioned from the École du Patrimoine Pan Afrique, but no inventory was delivered. Funds allocated for the Benin inventory have now been withdrawn by HQ and lost to the budget.
Protection, preservation and conservation of traditional woven textiles: project funded by the Getty foundation (Funds-In-Trust) and implemented between May and December 2007. (Budget: $226,000) The project catalogued Ghana’s antique textile heritage, including items in private ownership, and worked with traditional custodians and weaver communities to spread awareness of the cultural value of the textiles and traditional production processes, to provide training and to build capacity in the conservation and curating of traditional textile collections. (Draft
Report April 2009; published report pending) 2.1.3 Transmission Two projects aimed to support the establishment of systems for the transmission of ICH through ‘living human treasures’ in Togo (Budget: $6,000), and in Ghana and Benin (Budget: $13,000). The projects established working committees in the Ministries of Culture of the countries concerned to establish criteria for selection, and produced lists of ‘Living Human Treasures’ along with their modes of transmission. Twenty-five nominees have been selected for Ghana. An unedited film, The Bonesetters Clinic, on the subject of traditional healing, and an interview with the late Mr. Saka Acquaye, have been lodged with the UNESCO office in Accra. (Report detailing the process in the three countries covered by the projects
unavailable) 2.1.4 Other initiatives during this period: Slave Routes Project: In 2007 the UNESCO Director General opened an International Colloquium on the Slave Trade to coincide with the opening of the Usher Fort Museum in Accra. This was followed by a UNESCO sponsored Slave Heritage Seminar at the Journalists’ Conference Centre in Accra in 2008. Both of these events built on ten years of research and development through the UNESCO’S International Slave Route Project, with activities co-sponsored by the French and Dutch Embassies. Outputs of this work include a substantial book: Anquandah (ed.) The Transatlantic
Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations Accra: Sub-Saharan 2007, with chapters by international contributors presenting current research on the slave routes; commemoration; and heritage tourism development. A report on the 2007 seminar is lodged with the UNESCO office in Accra, and sets out a programme for developing heritage tourism or pilgrimage routes based on the slave routes, including: an inventory of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the slave
19 The National Folklore Board is a department of Ghana’s Cultural Commission within the Ministry of Chieftaincy and Culture, and carries out listing activities through its network of regional centers.
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routes; a network of museums related to the slave trade; and the development of itineraries. Beads Projects: UNESCO sponsored research on bead production in Ghana has been on-going for a number of years. A detailed research report by Professor Anquandah and Kati Torda Dagadu was submitted in 2002,20 but no evidence of dissemination or follow up was discovered. A new book, commissioned by a previous Director of the UNESCO office, is currently in production. This is intended as a ‘coffee table’ type publication, illustrated with lavish photographs and lyrical text, to popularize and inform about contemporary bead making and its place in Ghana. The book is to be published and distributed by UNESCO.
2.2 Relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of activities 2.2.1 Relevance of activities: The above activities, with their aims of raising awareness, encouraging ratification, and starting the implementation process through the creation of inventories and the establishment of mechanisms for transmission, are all relevant to the support of the ICH Convention. There is, however, little evidence so far of progress towards documenting best practice for recording, listing, or safeguarding strategies. 2.2.2 Effectiveness and efficiency: The initiatives on the Living Human Treasures and the Traditional Woven Textiles Project appear to have been effective in achieving their aims and reasonably efficient on their use of resources. Work on the Slave Routes Project up to the seminars of 2007 and 2008 also appear to have been effective in furthering a research agenda, identifying potential for income generation through heritage and cultural tourism opportunities, and dissemination through high quality outputs and international meetings – although this progress seems currently to be suffering from lack of follow-through. In other cases, the lack of detailed published reports, benchmarks or tangible outcomes of other project activities is a cause for concern. There is evidently scope for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of activities, for example:
Setting of Terms of Reference. There is little evidence of a strategic direction for the projects in the current approach to the setting of terms of reference, nor is attention given to the need for research and reflection to build appropriate methodologies for the recording and safeguarding of ICH. For example, the ToR for the Inventory for Ghana commissioned from Prof. Sutherland Addy were so broad that the usefulness of the resulting inventory was necessarily extremely limited, and largely duplicated the inventories compiled by the Folklore Board (see 2.3.2 below). Togo’s inventory, on the other hand, was limited to its existing listed ICH expression, suggesting a need to raise awareness amongst UNESCO’s interlocutors of the role and purpose of ICH listing within the terms of the Convention’s Representative Lists. Failure of commissioned bodies to deliver appropriate inventories on time resulting in the return and subsequent loss of funds – suggests need to address commissioning (tendering) and monitoring procedures Publication and dissemination budgets and strategies. Currently these do not appear to be built in to the terms of reference or implementation strategies of ICH related activities, meaning that much valuable work is not getting out into the public domain (e.g. research on bead production commissioned from Prof. Anquandah, unedited film on the bonesetters clinic for the Living Treasures project), thus limiting the scope for an incremental approach to developing strategies for the safeguarding and
20 UNESCO project on improved traditional bead production and marketing in W. Africa. Report on Phase One Survey (Ghana) for UNESCO/NCRC, Accra
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management of ICH. The effectiveness of projects such as the Getty Foundation funded Protection, Preservation and Conservation of Traditional Woven Textiles is also compromised by the long delay in the production and approval of the final report (nearly two years since project completion), and creates knock-on delays in implementing follow-up action. Effectiveness of networks. The sub-regional meeting on ICH (see 2.1.1) which was intended to raise awareness of the Convention and its provisions did not include representatives from the Folklore Board. Interviews at the Folklore Board revealed very limited knowledge of the Convention, despite the considerable overlap between the aims of the Convention and the work of the Folklore Board, which has an established and effective research and dissemination infrastructure in place. The effectiveness of meetings could be enhanced by revisiting the protocol for the invitation of delegates to ensure the presence of a range of multi-disciplinary experts and practitioners in the field, including NGOs and representatives of civil society, with the capacity for rolling out initiatives and disseminating knowledge and experience beyond the narrow range of those attending the meetings.
2.2.3 Sustainability: Without taking active and conscious steps to build in sustainability, there is a danger that ICH initiatives will remain at the level of disparate ad hoc activities. Field office staff in Accra report that the initiatives outlined above have had sustainable results in establishing mechanisms in the cluster countries for the management and safeguarding of ICH:
A functioning ‘Living Human Treasures’ system in Ghana – which ensured, for example, that Saka Acquaya, a repository of knowledge in sculpture, drama and literary arts, was brought out of obscurity and enabled to pass on his knowledge to a younger generation before his recent death. Togo has established an action plan for safeguarding ICH UNESCO sponsored research on the International Slave Routes project has been followed up with international conferences, colloquia and book publication (see 2.1.4 above).
A number of cases show evidence of a lack of follow-through and missed opportunities for embedding of knowledge and experience gained:
Inventory initiatives seem to have restricted themselves to the production of lists, rather than to establishing methodologies and criteria linked to rationales and plans for safeguarding. The lack of availability of published reports of some of the meetings and projects, even within the Accra cluster office, suggests a missed opportunity in terms of accumulating best practice knowledge and learning from experience. The sustainability of long-term initiatives such as the Slave Routes Project and work on bead production in Ghana has been impaired by (respectively) a change in government priorities (see below) and lack of continuity between different phases of work, linked to problems of handover within the Accra office. The on-going research on slave routes and heritage has not been reflected in the interpretation of the museums housed in the WHS forts, which follow a standard narrow narrative. No evidence was found of schools or educational outreach. There is scope for developing community outreach, and UNESCO Accra has already had experience of working with community development agency GAMADA, which is based in Ga
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Mashie, a densely inhabited historic urban neighborhood of Accra, which is also the location of Ussher Fort (see further 2.4, below).
2.3 Integration into national and local policies (Ghana) 2.3.1 The reorganization of Ghana’s Ministry of Culture to become the Ministry of Chieftaincy and Culture implicitly recognizes importance of ICH in terms of ‘traditional’ culture (of which the Chiefs are the traditional custodians), but has created some problems of duplication of structure and bottlenecks which are reportedly blocking progress on Convention ratification and its effective implementation. Numerous interlocutors reported difficulty in getting ‘culture’ onto the political agenda under present circumstances. A draft bill for the regulation of National Living Human Treasures in Ghana was tabled in 2007, establishing categories covered, selection process, and the rights and obligations of bearers of the title. The regulations establish a ministerial oversight committee, ad hoc committee of experts, and a research committee to substantiate the qualification of nominees. However, the Bill is still awaiting enactment. (Verify) 2.3.2 The establishment of the National Folklore Board by Act of Parliament (Copyright Act 2005) responded to the need to establish a mechanism for the registering and protection of the Intellectual Property attaching to folklore (ICH) expressions, following the increasing exploitation of intellectual property by external entrepreneurs without payment or permission, e.g. the use of the sacred Akan gye nyame symbol on boxes of matches manufactured in India; and the commercial production of kente cloth in China, undercutting Ghanaian producers. The National Folklore Board has an ongoing programme of research in the field through its regional centers, and which it disseminates via its regular Folklore
Magazine and occasional research reports. The growing priority of this field is evident in the introduction of Folklore Studies in the History Departments at the Universities of Ghana, Legon, and Cape Coast. 2.3.3The Ministry of Tourism embraced the Slave Route Project as an important plank of a tourism strategy, directed at the African Diaspora, and based on the heritage of slavery and the WHS listing of the coastal forts. However, the Ministry appears to have restricted its role to the commercial exploitation of a narrowly defined heritage product, rather than to further research or conservation, and the proposals for further research and education, proposed at the 2007 International Colloquium (see 2.1.4) appear to be currently in abeyance. 2.3.4 Although the Minister of Education chairs Ghana’s national UNESCO Commission, it appears that the Ministry is not ready to embrace an educational role in relation to culture. 2.4 Revision of conservation policies and processes to take account of climate change,
urbanization and migration
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Migration and urbanization are widely seen as posing a threat to ICH, by undermining systems of transmission (with the removal of younger generations to urban locations), and devaluing the traditional in favor of modern, global cultural forms. This view largely informs the National Folklore Board’s ‘salvage work’ approach to the recording and dissemination of ‘authentic’ (largely rural) traditions. Conservation policies and processes do not yet appear to have registered the significance of urban neighborhoods (such as Ga Mashie) as locales of ICH, despite the recognition, in a recent UNESCO sponsored publication, of the significance of cultural factors such as language in migration and regional integration 21 and the potential to link cultural safeguarding practices to income generation. 2.5 Evidence of gender mainstreaming and intersectoral approaches in the
implementation the Intangible Heritage Convention
There is little evidence so far of a systematic approach to gender and intersectoral mainstreaming in the implementation of the ICH Convention, nevertheless there have been a couple of examples in Ghana: 2.5.1 Heritage of Slavery and contemporary child trafficking: Research on the historic heritage of slavery by Prof Anquandah (ed. Transatlantic Slave Trade) has fed into knowledge of contemporary slavery issues, specifically the trafficking of children in Ghana as forced labor in the Lake Volta fishing industry, and women and children for the sex trade. Prof. Anquandah reports that both the UNHCR and the Christian Council of Ghana have drawn on the project’s published research on slave routes for information about contemporary slavery. 22 2.5.2 Health dimensions of a contemporary ICH practice: a project by the National Folklore Board addressed the practice among the Dagaba, Sisala and Lobi of exposing and handling of corpses over a period of several days, which is linked to the spread of diseases. The project used mass media, and drama playlets and sketches at public functions, market places, and churches, to educate people about the health hazards, and encourage changes in behavior and shorter mourning period.
21 Ninsin, K. A. (ed.) Nation-States and the Challenges of Regional Integration in West Africa – The case of Ghana Paris: Éditions Karthala – Projet UNESCO-MOST 22
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,GHA,456d621e2,4a4214b9c,0.html http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-06/2009-06-18-voa48.cfm?moddate=2009-06-18
The district of Ga Mashie, a densely inhabited historic destination and transit zone for migrants to Accra, is described on the website of international development agency CHF as follows: ‘Living off fishing and trading, Ussher Town and James Town, collectively known as Ga Mashie, have been at the heart of the History of Ghana and of the Ga People for centuries. Despite its
impoverishment and actual poverty, the area still maintains its cultural skills and expressions: Ga Mashie continues to serve as the conservatoire of Ga culture, traditions, beliefs and ethical values. The poor are the most active and dedicated custodians and promoters of the living cultures and Ga Mashie remains the heart, spirit and seat of Ga culture.’ This aspect of Ga Mashie remains largely unexplored, in terms of its ICH value. http://www.chfinternationalghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64&Itemid=76
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ANNEX IX OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES IN RELATION TO
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Operational procedures and practices in the Field Offices have a direct impact on progress towards the Expected Outcomes. The field visit (to the Accra Regional Office where Ghana is a signatory to World Heritage Convention only), pointed to the following Project design, Terms of Reference and monitoring. Programme staff and managers have not been adequately trained in project design, monitoring, and evaluation using the log frame concept. Terms of Reference lack clear statements about such considerations as: link between outputs and outcomes, audience for publications, dissemination plans for publications, approval protocols for written outputs, consultant qualifications. At present activities are approved without clear objectives, activities related to objectives, indicators etc. Monitoring of project progress is uneven. The distinction between outputs, achievements, and outcomes does not seem to be well understood by staff. No performance indicators were provided. Conventions and their implementation. What is involved in the implementation of Conventions, especially the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage, is not yet clear to culture sector stakeholders and government departments. The World Heritage Convention, now utilizing a revised Operational Guidelines and Periodic Reporting, is perhaps the most effectively implemented of the Conventions although it faces many challenges. The 1970 Illicit Traffic Convention has a low profile. Intersectoral working. True intersectoral activities are the exception. Incentives to do more are not evident. Urbanization, migration, climate change, and other thematic issues provide opportunities for such intersectoral work. Project scale. There have been numerous micro-activities, under $20,000, that do not seem to be part of a programmatic approach and do not have clear follow up. This is especially the case during the 33C/5, less for the 34C/5. Gender equality. Few activities in the culture sector have an explicit gender focus although some projects specify that women and girls should receive training. Administrative procedures. Field offices currently spend considerable time on administrative functions and can be hampered by IT problems (including generators with sufficient power where power supply is erratic). At present, valuable staff time is lost due to power outages, lack of access to needed documentation, and inadequate handover procedures. Procurement procedures do not seem adequate to ensure qualified tenderers. Information systems. Project management and monitoring systems now in effect do not capture necessary information to allow for snapshots of the status of projects. The SISTER system is neither widely used nor understood. It is not uncommon that Field Office staff avoid using it. In its present form, SISTER holds insufficient information to be of real use for project management. Similarly the FABS system does not reflect the progress of projects with the result that there is currently an absence of reliable and thorough information about projects, particularly about project objectives and outcomes. Knowledge management. Knowledge management within UNESCO, within Field Offices and between Field Offices and Headquarters has not fully benefitted from the advances brought about by the use of information technology. Project documents are largely paper based,
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institutional memory is often a personal matter, and handover protocols are not observed. This leads to serious inefficiencies and inadequate sharing of information and learning. The World Heritage Centre, with its new website, has shown considerable improvement in information sharing. Partnerships with non-governmental organizations. New partnerships, especially with civil society organizations and local government, show promising results. An example is the Ghana Traditional Textiles project where traditional leaders, civil society, the EC, Norwegian government and Getty Foundation all played a role. Donor coordination. At present, at least in the case of Ghana, coordination amongst donors in the culture sector seems to be very weak. At the country level, UNESCO could enhance its position by encouraging donor coordination fora to share information and encourage planning for the culture sector. Such donor fora are often convened by the World Bank in other sectors and have proven to be of use.
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ANNEX X DOCUMENTS CONSULTED
- UNESCO Approved Programme and Budget 2008-2009 34C/5 - UNESCO Approved Programme and Budget 2006-2007 33C/5- UNESCO Medium Term
Strategy 2008-2013 34 C/4 - Report of the Director General of the Organization in 2006-2007- 35C/3 - Report by the Director General on the Execution of the Programme adopted by the General
Conference Major Programme IV - Culture 180 EX/4 - Report by the Director General on the Implementation of the Programme and Budget (33C5)
and on results achieved in the previous biennium (2006-2007) Major Programme IV - Culture 179 EX/4
- Report by the Director General on the Execution of the Programme adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV - Culture 177 EX/4
- Report by the Director General on the Execution of the Programme adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV - Culture 176 EX/4
- Report by the Director General on the Execution of the Programme adopted by the General Conference Major Programme IV - Culture 175 EX/4
- Management Audit of the World Heritage Centre (Deloitte) (2007) - UNESCO’s action to Help Member States Prevent Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property (2005) - Evaluation of the Slave Route Project (2005) - Culture Heritage Management and Tourism: Evaluation and Mainstreaming (2005) - Evaluation of the World Heritage Fund’s Emergency Assistance Activities (2005) - Evaluation of the Nordic World Heritage Foundation (NWHF) (2008) - Evaluation of JFIT-funded projects of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2009) - Evaluation of Norwegian Support to Protection of Cultural Heritage (2009) - Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) - Operational Directives for the implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage (2008) - Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) - Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (2008) - Report of the World Heritage Committee on its activities (2006-2007) - Report of the World Heritage Committee on its activities (2004-2005) - Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and
Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) - Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with
Regulations for the Executions of the Convention (1954) - Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) - Évaluation des actions de l’UNESCO en matière de lutte contre le trafic illicite de biens
culturels (2005) - Evaluation of UNESCO's Action in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Damaged by Conflict:
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Angkor, Cambodia (2003) - SISTER 33C/5 Qualitative monitoring reports - SISTER 34C/5 Qualitative monitoring reports - SISTER 33C/5 Financial monitoring reports - SISTER 34C/5 financial monitoring reports
The Evaluation Team has also reviewed extensively the Database of Laws in UNESCO, as well as the reports and documents provided by the 10 Field Offices.
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ANNEX XI LIST OF INTERVIEWEES
Interviews with UNESCO staff:
Culture Sector: Francoise RIVIERE, Assistant Director-General for Culture
Paola LEONCINI-BARTOLI, Chief, Executive Office
Culture Sector: Section of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Cécile DUVELLE, Chief Franck PROSCHAN, Programme Specialist
Fernando BRUGMAN, Programme Specialist
Culture Sector: Section of Museums and Cultural Objects: Christian MANHART, Chief Sahar AL TABBAL, Assistant Programme Specialist Ulrike GUERIN, Assistant Programme Specialist Nao HAYASHI, Assistant Programme Specialist Jan HLADIK, Programme Specialist
Vanessa KREDLER, Programme Specialist Karalyn MONTEIL, Assistant Programme Specialist Edouard PLANCHE, Programme Specialist Suzanne OGGE, (position unlisted) Tatiana VILLEGAS, Programme Specialist
World Heritage Centre: Francesco BANDARIN, Director Guy DEBONNET, Chief, Special Projects Unit Marc PATRY, Programme Specialist, Special Projects Unit Ronald VAN OERS, Programme Specialist, Special Projects Unit
Lazare ELOUNDOU ASSOMO, Chief, Africa Unit Anne LEMAISTRE, Chief, Policy and Statutory Implementation Unit Mechtild ROSSLER, Chief, Europe and North America Unit
Africa Department: Ana Elisa SANTANA ALFONSO, Chief, Section for Coordination and Promotion of Intersectoral Activities
Robertine RAONIMAHARY, Chief, Section for Cooperation with Member States
Bureau of Strategic Planning: Jean-Yves LE SAUX, Director, Division of Programme Planning, Monitoring and Reporting Ann-Belinda PREIS, Senior Planning Officer, Division of Programme Planning, Monitoring and Reporting
Gulser CORAT, Director, Division for Gender Equality
Interviews with External Experts:
Mounir BOUCHENAKI, Director General, ICCROM Joseph KING, World Heritage Advisory Body representative, ICCROM Tim BADMAN, IUCN, World Heritage Advisor
Robert KNOX, Museum expert and UNESCO consultant Benedicte SELFSLAGH, Secretary General, ICOMOS