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R.Asir Julius lecturer

D.I.E.T. G.Ariyur, VPM

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Examination Reforms

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Why Examination reforms?

• Examination reform has been a consideration by various Committees and Commissions appointed by the Government of India from time to time.

• Examinations over the years have tended to be an instrument for testing memory.

• Learning has become a rather mechanical process of acquiring skills and teaching has been largely a process of coaching for examinations.

• The relationship between examinations and standards of teaching and learning are intimate. Improvement in any one of these aspects results in improvement of other aspects as well.

• Therefore, the objective of examination reform is to make it an instrument of good education.

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Aim of Examination reforms

• NCERT developed a comprehensive programme of examination

reform to meet the educational social and psychological points of view.

It was aimed at

• (i) Improvement of written, practical and oral examinations,

• (ii) Introduction of internal assessment procedures on scientific lines, and

• (iii) Bringing about consequential changes, as for example in curriculum and textbooks.

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Agencies of Examination reforms

• A number of State level agencies collaborate in examination

reforms but the main among them are:

• 1. State Boards of Secondary Education. • 2. State Departments of Education. • 3. State Evaluation Units. • 4. State Institutes of Education. • 5. Teachers Colleges. • 6. Extension Services Departments.

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The recommended reforms have been worked in the following states

1. Andhra Pradesh2. Assam 3. Goa 4. Gujarat 5. Haryana6. Karnataka 7. Kerala8. Maharashtra

9. Punjab10. Rajasthan 11. Tamil Nadu 12. Tripura13. U.P.14. West Bengal 15. Orissa

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1. Development of policy statement (designs) for each question

paper.

Andhra Pradesh Assam Gujarat Kerala Maharashtra Rajasthan J&K M. P U.P Punjab Manipur Haryana Tripura Karnataka Goa West Bengal.

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2. Appointment of paper setters from among those trained in

evaluation.

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Maharasthra Orissa J&K M. P Tamil Nadu Haryana Goa U.P. West Bengal Kerala Rajasthan Manipur

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3. Appointment of panels or paper setters for each question papers.

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Maharasthra Goa U.P. Kerala Rajasthan Assam Tirupura

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4. Allocation of definite proportionate percentages of marks in

question papers for testing different abilities. .

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Maharasthra J&K M. P Haryana Goa U.P. Kerala Rajasthan Manipur Tirupura

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5. Ensuring an effective coverage of the syllabus through the question papers.

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6. Introduction of specific pinpointed questions in the question

paper.

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7. Inclusion of short-answer questions in the question papers

besides the essay-type ones

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8. Introduction of objective type questions (multiple-choice) in the

question papers.

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9. Use of question banks for setting question papers.

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10.Abolition of overall options in the question papers. • .

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11. Development of marking scheme along with each question papers by the setter himself.

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12. Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

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13. Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

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14. Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

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15. Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

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16.Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

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17. Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at

subs subsequent examination.

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18. Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

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19. Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

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20. Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

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21. Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

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22. Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common

errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

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Examination reforms in different States

12. Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

13. Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

14. Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

15. Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

16. Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

17. Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at subsequent examination.

18. Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

19. Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

20. Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

21. Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

22. Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

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1. Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

2. Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

3. Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

4. Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

5. Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

6. Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at subsequent examination.

7. Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

8. Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

9. Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

10. Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

11. Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

Examination reforms 1-11

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Examination reforms 12-2212. Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response

questions with fixed separate time limit.

13. Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

14. Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

15. Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

16. Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

17. Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at subsequent examination.

18. Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

19. Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

20. Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

21. Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

22. Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

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Examination reforms in different States

1Development of policy statement

(designs) for each question paper.Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat Kerala, Maharashtra,

Rajasthan, J&K, M. P., U.P., Punjab, Manipur, Haryana Tripura, Karnataka, Goa, West Bengal.

2Appointment of paper setters from

among those trained in evaluation. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharasthra, Orissa, J&K, M. P.,

Tamil Nadu, aryana, Goa U.P., West Bengal. Kerala, Rajasthan Manipur,

3 Appointment of panels or paper setters for each question papers.

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tripura, Goa, U.P. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala

4Allocation of definite proportionate

percentages of marks in question papers for testing different abilities.

Assam, Gujarat,Kerala, Rajasthan, J & K,M.P.,Hary ana, Manipur, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, U.P.

5Ensuring an effective coverage of the

syllabus through the question papers

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Maharashtra, J & K, M.P., Haryana, Goa, U.P. Gujarat Rajasthan, Manipur,

6Introduction of specific pinpointed

questions in the question paper. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, GujaratHaryana, Goa, U.P., West

Bengal. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tripura,

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Examination reforms in different States

7 Inclusion of short-answer questions in the question papers besides the essay-type ones

Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa Tripura, Kerala,Punjab, Goa, Tamil Nadu, HaryanaWest Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka, Manipur, Rajasthan U.P.

8 Introduction of objective type questions (multiple-choice) in the question papers.

Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tripura, Goa. UP.

9 Use of question banks for setting question papers.

Rajasthan, Goa, Haryana, West Bengal. Gurajat, Bihar

10 Abolition of overall options in the question papers.

Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Orissa, U.P. Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan

11 Development of marking scheme along with each question papers by the setter himself.

Gujarat, Kerala, Karnataka, Assam,Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, U.P., Goa, West Bengal.

12 Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab,Tamil Nadu,

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Examination reforms in different States

13Introduction of centralised spot

evaluation of scripts. Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Goa, U.P,

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

14Introduction of mechanical processing

of examination results.

Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, U.P.

15Scaling of subject-wise results for

making them comparable.Gujarat, Kerala,

16Allowing students to clear the

examination in parts.Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Punjab,

17Permitting students to improve their

grades by appearing at subsequent examination

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Punjab,

18Reckoning both the product and

performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

Assam, Gujarat,Kerala, Punjab, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tripura, Goa, U.P.

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Examination reforms in different States

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Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject. Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.

20Issue of separate certificate of internal

assessment along with that of external examination.

Rajasthan.

21Analysis of question papers in details

as feedback for paper setters. Rajasthan.

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Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

Rajasthan.

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Examination Patterns

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1. Development of policy statement (designs) for each question paper.

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, J&K M. P., U.P., Punjab, Manipur, Haryana Tripura, Karnataka, Goa, West Bengal.

2. Appointment of paper setters from among those trained in evaluation.

Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharasthra, Orissa, J&K, M. P., Tamil Nadu, aryana, Goa U.P., West Bengal. Kerala, Rajasthan Manipur,

3. Appointment of panels or paper setters for each question papers.

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tripura, Goa, U.P. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala

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Allocation of definite proportionate percentages of marks in question papers for testing different abilities. -

Assam, Gujarat,Kerala, Rajasthan, J & K,M.P.,Hary ana, Manipur, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, U.P.

5. Ensuring an effective coverage of the syllabus through the question

papers

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Maharashtra, J & K, M.P., Haryana, Goa, U.P. Gujarat Rajasthan, Manipur,

6 Introduction of specific pinpointed questions in the question paper.

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, GujaratHaryana, Goa, U.P., West Bengal. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tripura,

7.

Inclusion of short-answer questions in the question papers besides the essay-type ones

Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa Tripura, Kerala,Punjab, Goa, Tamil Nadu, HaryanaWest Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka, Manipur, Rajasthan U.P.

8. Introduction of objective type questions (multiple-choice) in the question papers.

Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tripura

Goa, U.P.

9. Use of question banks for setting question papers. Rajasthan, Goa, Haryana, West Bengal. Gurajat, Bihar

10. Abolition of overall options in the question papers.

Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Orissa, U.P. Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan

11. Development of marking scheme along with each question papers by the setter himself.

Gujarat, Kerala, Karnataka, Assam,Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, U.P., Goa, West Bengal.

Examination reforms in different States 12-22

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Examination reforms in different States 1-11

• Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

• Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

• Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

• Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

• Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

• Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at subsequent examination.

• Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

• Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

• Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

• Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

• Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

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12. Division of question papers into two separate sections for fixed response and free response questions with fixed separate time limit.

13. Introduction of centralised spot evaluation of scripts.

14. Introduction of mechanical processing of examination results.

15. Scaling of subject-wise results for making them comparable.

16. Allowing students to clear the examination in parts.

17. Permitting students to improve their grades by appearing at subsequent examination.

18. Reckoning both the product and performance in evaluation of practical work in science subject.

19. Incorporation of both academic and non-academic areas of pupil growth in the scheme subject.

20. Issue of separate certificate of internal assessment along with that of external examination.

21. Analysis of question papers in details as feedback for paper setters.

22. Analysis of answer-scripts of the examination locating common errors, correlation in score and functional value of item, etc.

Examination reforms in different States 12-22