Post on 25-Jul-2018
transcript
Joerg KoeppMarket Segment Manager IoTRohde & Schwarz
Everything you need to know about testing LP-WAN modules and devices
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
Outline
2
The Internet of dogs, lights and doors
Sigfox, LoRaand more
LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT
What’s next on the way to 5G
Low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN) will enable applications which sense literally Everything Everywhere Anytime
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 3
Forecast of Low Power WAN connected Devices
http://www.optibee.fr/
http://www.sherlock.bike
• Temperature• Weight• Movement
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 20230 Bn
1 Bn
2 Bn
3 Bn
Industrial
Consumer
Utilities
Smart Buildings
Smart CitiesAgriculture
Logistics
• Location• Movement
Low CostCommunication modules for 5 Euro and even lesser€
The SIX L‘s characterizing LP-WANs, or10 € devices capable of 10 km range with 10-year battery lifetimes
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 4
Long RangeCovering large areas with low number of base stations
Large ScaleSeveral thousands of devices per gateway or base station
Low ThroughputFrom 100 bps to some few kbps; short message once per hour, day or week, …. bps
Low ResponsivenessRelaxed requirements regarding responsiveness of a device
Low PowerBattery powered devices requiring 10+ years lifetime
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
Outline
5
The Internet of dogs, lights and doors
Sigfox, LoRaand more
LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT
What’s next on the way to 5G
Object(Sensor)
Example: Sigfox designed as LP-WAN sensor network
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 6
Ultra Narrow Band Modulation (100 Hz / 600 Hz)
Redundant uplink Transmission (2x repetitions)
Pseudo–random frequency hopping (3 out of 320 ch.)
Short messages UL: 12 Byte DL: 8 Byte
No passive RX mode (RX window after TX)
8 Byte / max 4 per day* | 600 bps | 2GFSK / 800 Hz | < 27 dBm12 Byte / max 140 per day* | 100 bps | (D)BPDK | < 14 dBm Gateway
BackendServer
~2sec ~2sec ~2sec
100Hz
* ETSI regulation
Object(Sensor)
Another prominent example: LoRaWAN
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 7
Chirped Spread Spectrum(125/250/500 kHz)
Multiple Gateways simultaneously receiving
Pseudo–random frequency hopping (after each TX )
Data Rate Adaption (spreading factor/ bandwidth)
Different RX mode options (Class A/B/C)
GatewayBackendServer< 11kbps | < 1% duty cycle | CSS | < 14 dBm*
0 kHz
+250 kHz
-250 kHz
Constant chirp rate (Hz/µs) defined by SF
< 11kbps | < 1% duty cycle | CSS | < 27 dBm** ETSI regulation
LP-WAN technologies in ISM/SDR bands shaking the market
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 8
UL: DBPSKDL: GFSK
FrequencyChirps
UL:DBPSKDL:DBPSK
16-QAM….DBPSK
UL:DBPSKDL: -
GMSK, QPSK
Modulation
Channel BW(UpLink)
ETSI: 100 HzFCC: 600 Hz
125 kHz 250 kHz 500 kHz
1 MHz
Ultra Narrow Band (UNB)
Chirp SpreadSpectrum
DSSSRPMA DSSSUltra Narrow
Band (UNB)Narrow Band
(NB)
200 Hz 12.5 kHz6/7/8 MHz
Technique
ISM/SDR< 1 GHz
ISM/SDR< 1 GHz
ISM/SDR2.4 GHz
ISM/SDR< 1 GHz
ISM/SDR< 1 GHz
TV white space470-790 MHz
Band
Driver
RF Performance
Standard Conformance
RegulatoryConformance
Typical RF parametric measurements to ensure desired performance as well as pre-conformance
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 9
Typical TX Measurements • Spectrum emission mask• Power• Frequency Error• Error Vector Magnitude• …..
Typical RX Measurement • Receiver sensitivity• Receiver blocking• Adjacent channel selectivity• Spurious response rejection• …..
DUT
Receiver sensitivity and Tx power are very critical
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 10
-50 dBm -70 dBm -90 dBm -110 dBm -130 dBm -150 dBm
Receiver sensitivity requirements of up to – 140 dBm
Over the Air Testing (TRP/TIS) is required
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 11
Total Isotropic Sensitivity Total Radiated Power
Testing important parameter in production
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Frequency tolerance
DUT SpectrumAnalyzer
e.g. R&S®FPS
Output power
DUT Power Sensor
e.g. R&S®NRP
Receiver sensitivity
DUTVector Signal
Generator
e.g. R&S®SGT
TestMode TestMode TestMode
Controlled RF condition with perfect isolatione.g. R&S®DST200
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
Example: Calibration and Verification of LoRaWAN Gateway
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 13
Vector Signal Generator
e.g. R&S®SGT
Vector Signal Analyzer
e.g. R&S®FPS
DUTLoRa
•RSSI calibration and verification
•Receiver sensitivity
GNSS
•Tx calibration and verification
•Frequency tolerance
LoRa
•GNSS sensitivity
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
Outline
14
The Internet of dogs, lights and doors
Sigfox, LoRaand more LTE-A Pro:
eMTC, NB-IoT
What’s next on the way to 5G
Three LP-WAN technologies specified by 3GPP
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 15
LC-LTE/MTCeCAT-0, PSM
eMTCCat-M1, eDRX, CE
NB-IoTCat-NB1, eDRX, CE
Rel. 12 Rel. 13
+
20 MHz/half-duplex
1.4 MHz/half-duplex
200 kHzNB-LTE
NB-cIoT
Rel.10 Rel.11
EC-GSM-IoTincl. eDRX
NIMTC SIMTC
NIMTC SIMTC
mMTC
Rel. 14
positioning, mobility, multicastVoLTE support
positioning, mobility, multicastpower class
1
2
2
3GPP ecosystem is trying to address the LP-WAN market as well
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 16
LTE Cat 1 LTE Cat 0 LTE Cat M1 NB-IoT (Cat NB1) EC-GSM-IoT
DeploymentIn-band LTE In-band LTE In-band LTE
In-band LTEGuard-band LTE
StandaloneIn-band GSM
Downlink OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA[15 kHz] TDMA/FDMA
UplinkSC-FDMA [15 kHz] SC-FDMA [15 kHz] SC-FDMA [15 kHz]
Single tone [15/3.75 kHz]
SC-FDMA [15 kHz]TDMA/FDMA
Peak rate DL: 10 MbpsUL: 5 Mbps
DL: 1 MbpsUL: 1 Mbps
DL: 1 MbpsUL: 1 Mbps
DL: 250 kbpsUL: 20 kbps (ST)
DL: 70/240 kbpsUL: 70/240 kbps
UE receiver BW 20 MHz 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz
Duplex mode Full-duplexFDD/TDD
Full/Half-duplexFDD/TDD
Full/Half-duplexFDD/TDD
Half-duplexFDD Half-duplex
UEtransmit power 23 dBm 23 dBm 23 or 20 dBm 23 or 20 dBm 33 or 23 dBm
Power saving PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX
Rel. 13: Narrowband-IoT (Cat-NB1)The uplink and downlink total transmission bandwidth is 180 kHzDownlink: OFDM with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing (1PRB)Uplink: SC-FDMA with 3.75 kHz and 15 kHz for single-tone transmissions and
optional multi-tone transmissions with 15 kHz subcarrier spacingOnly FDD in half-duplex mode (analog to UE Cat. 0 half-duplex Type B), no TDD in Rel. 13Reduced downlink transmission schemes:
TM1: single antenna port, TM2: two antenna ports, using transmit diversityOnly mobility in IDLE mode is supported
MTC features like Power Save Mode (PSM), extended DRX (eDRX) cycle are valid
NB-Io
T
NB-Io
T
LTE carrier LTE carrierNB
-IoT
NB-Io
T
e.g. GSM carrier
Guard-band operationIn-band operation
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
15 kHz
180 kHz
Standalone operation
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CIoT-Uu
NB-IoT Architecture: Optimized to support transfer of small data Minimize signaling load over the radio interface
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
NB-IoTUE
MME
HSS
S-GW
SCEF
CIoTRAN
App
App
P-GW
T6a
S5S1-U
S1-MMEMME
SMSGW
REST API
IPv4/v6
Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization:Data Exchange on RRC level by adding data to ConnectionSetup or in UL ConnectionSetupCompletemessage or using Information Transfer messages.• non-IP messages to/from SCEF and • IP messages to/from SGW/PGW
User Plane CIoT EPS optimizationData Exchange (IP and Non-IP data) using the user data plane via radio bearers
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Power Saving Mode (PSM)
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
activ
e
Txac
tive
I-DRX (<2.56s) TAU
T3324T3412 {54 min;....; 310 hours}
Send data
Powe
r con
sump
tion
PSM ModeIdle
PSM Mode: UE remains registered with the network and there is no need to re-attach or re-establish PDN connections – saves power, but UE isn’t reachable in PSM Mode
Attach /TAU Request(T3324, T3412 ext. value)
Attach /TAU Accept(T3324, T3412 ext. value)
RRCConnectionRelease
PSM Mode Idle Mode
MMEUE1 eNB
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Extended RDX in idle (I-eDRX) and connected (C-eDRX) mode
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
activ
e
Txac
tive
{5.12s; 10.24 s; 20.48 s…: 2621.44s}Send data
I-eDRX I-eDRX I-eDRX I-eDRX
Idle Mode
Powe
r con
sump
tion
For devices with infrequently uplink data transmission, energy consumption can be reduced significantly by longer cycles for discontinuous reception (DRX).
Attach /TAU Request(Extended DRX parameters)
Attach /TAU Accept(Extended DRX parameters)
RRCConnectionRelease
Idle Mode
MMEUE1 eNBExample: extended DRX in Idle Mode
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Narrow Band IoT measurement application with R&S®VSE
215G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
UL and DL measurements
Operates w/ RTO, FPS, FSW and FSV/FSVA
Demodulation measurements (EVM)
Spectral measurements (ACLR, SEM)
NB-IoT/eMTC Test application with R&S signal generatorsFrom High-End to Low-cost solutions
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BS Receiver Test Module / Device Test Component Test
R&S®FSW
DUT
Downlink UplinkDUT
R&S®SGTR&S®SGT
R&S®FPS
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
Outline
23
The Internet of dogs, lights and doors
Sigfox, LoRaand more
LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT What’s next on
the way to 5G
5G networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future
Very high data rate
Long battery lifetime
Mobility
Massive number of
devicesReliability, resilience, security
Very lowlatency
Very high capacity
Ultra reliable & low latency communicationsUltra reliable & low latency communicationsMassive machine type communicationsMassive machine type communications
Enhanced mobile broadbandEnhanced mobile broadband
eMTC
NB-IoT
LTE-V
IoT Sales Toolkit - 3GPP MTC 24
eMTC and NB-IoT on the way to 5G-IoT
IoT Sales Toolkit - 3GPP MTC 25
Further eMTC NB-IoT enhancementsPositioningE-CID: RSRP / RSRQ measurements, UE Rx-Tx time difference; OTDOA)MulticastFW/SW update, group messagesMobility enhancementsinter-frequency measurements Higher Data Rateaudio/voice streamingVoLTE enhancementsvoice apps at wearables
PositioningE-CID: RSRP / RSRQ measurements, UE Rx-Tx time difference)
MulticastFW/SW update, group messages
Non-Anchor PRB enhancementsNPRACH and Paging support
Mobility enhancementsconnected mode for service continuity
New power classes e.g. 14 dBm power class
Non-IP data over GPRSNon-IP data for EC-GSM-IoT via SCEF (like for NB-IoT)
V2V based on sidelinkSupport of V2V service by LTE D2D sidelink
Study D2D Network relayand PC5 link for NB-IoT/eMTC
Study eCall via IMS
Your Partner in testing the Internet of Things
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Thanks for your attention.
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016
5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 27
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https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/applications/lte-advanced-3gpp-rel.11-technology-introduction-application-note_56280-42753.html