Evm electronic voting machine

transcript

EVM-Electronic Voting Machine

http://www.edgefxkits.com/

Introduction

The project is designed for eight contestants. Voters can poll their vote to any one of the contestant. In this project, one port is dedicated for 8 push-button switches for eight contestants, and a master switch for polling officer. A simple yet powerful program is written in assembly language and is burnt onto the microcontroller to accept votes and to keep counting the total votes polled. A Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to avoid multiple polling by a single voter. Every voter gets approval from the polling officer. If the polling officer issues approval with his control switch, then only the voter can poll his vote.

Block Diagram

Hardware Requirements 8051 series Microcontroller

Push Buttons Transistors Transformer Voltage Regulator LED LCD Resistors Capacitor EEPROM Buzzer

Software Requirements

Keil C compiler

Languages: Embedded C or Assembly

Software Requirements

Keil C compiler

Languages: Embedded C or Assembly

Microcontroller 8051 Microcontroller 8051 is designed in 1980’s by Intel.

It is a computer on chip type.

It is 40 pin dip type ic.

It is designed for performing special type operation to do specific jobs.

Microcontroller 8051 It has four sets of i/o pins which can be used both input and output

operations.

It contains four ports.

Each port contains 8 pins.

The pin configuration is shown below

Pin diagram of 8051

Pins 1-8:it is said to be port 1 and it is used for input/output operations.

Pin 9 is a reset pin.

Pins 10-17: it is port 3 is also used for input/output operations but specially it has alternate operations

Pin 10(RXD): - Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output.

Pin diagram of 8051

Pin 11(TXD): Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous communication clock output.

Pin 12(INT 0):Interrupt 0 input.

Pin 13(INT 1);Interrupt 1 input.

Pin 14(T0):Counter 0 clock input.

Pin 15(T1):Counter 1 clock input.

Pin diagram of 8051

Pin 16(WR): Write to external (additional) RAM.

Pin 17(RD):Read from external RAM.

Pin 18 to 19(X1,X2):Internal oscillator.

Pin 20(GND):Ground

Pin 21-28(port 2): I/P or O/P port when no external memory is used. In case external memory is used, the higher address byte.

Pin diagram of 8051

Pin 29 (PSEN): Program Store Enable.

If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0) appears on it every time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory

Pin 30 (ALE): Address Latch Enable

Pin 31 (EA): Enable Access.

To use program from an ext. memory(Logic zero), to use program from both int. as well as ext. memory (logic 1).

Pin diagram of 8051

Pin 32-39 (port 0): -I/P or O/P when ALE is low and lower order address byte when ALE is high.

Pin 40(Vcc): +5v power supply.

The Serial LCDs are very functional, liquid crystal displays that can be easily interfaced to and controlled by a microcontroller using an I/O pin.

This device can be connected to a PC serial port using a MAX232 line driver. The circuit isn't supported by us.

The LCD displays provide basic text wrapping so that your text looks correct on the display.

Full control over all of their advanced LCD features allows you to move the cursor anywhere on the display with a single instruction and turn the display on and off in any configuration.

Clear mode: Press clear switch when all entries are required to be erased.

Clear switch should be pressed before voting procedure.

Buzzer indication: Pressing of key in voting mode is indicated by a buzzer sound.

Controller switch: This switch is provided for enabling the keypad in voting mode.

This Switch is under the control of voting authority.

Voltage Regulator

Two basic categories of voltage regulators are:

IC voltage regulator Fixed voltage regulator

IC Voltage Regulator

These are generally three terminal devices that provide a positive or negative output.

Some types have variable voltage outputs.

A typical 7800 series voltage regulator is used for positive voltages.

The 7900 series are negative voltage regulators.

These voltage regulators when used with heatsinks can safely produce current values of 1A and greater.

The capacitors act as line filtration.

Fixed Voltage Regulator

The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage Vi applied to one input terminal, a regulated output dc voltage Vo from a second terminal, and the third terminal connected to ground.

Principle of Operation

VOTING MODE -toggle switch on VCC When toggle switch is in voting mode “Voting mode” is displayed followed by “Please vote”. After a vote being given, “Please wait for authority switch” is displayed and again enable for voting after Control switch being pressed by the voting Authority.

COUNTING MODE-toggle switch on GND.Counting Mode: When toggle switch is in counting mode “Counting mode” in displayed on the screen, and total number of votes to respective candidate can be displayed on the screen

Working Principle

The complete EVM consists mainly of two units

Control Unit Balloting Unit

With cable for connecting it with Control unit.

A Balloting Unit caters up to 16 candidates.

Four Balloting Units linked together catering in all to 64 candidates can be used with one control unit.

Working Principle

The control unit is kept with the Presiding Officer and the Balloting Unit is used by the voter for polling.

The Balloting Unit of EVM is a small Box-like device, on top of which each candidate and his/her election symbol is listed like a big ballot paper.

Against each candidate's name, a red LED and a blue button is provided.

The voter polls his vote by pressing the blue button against the name of his desired candidate.

Working Principle

A simple yet powerful program is written in assembly language and is burnt onto the microcontroller to accept votes and to keep counting the total votes polled.

A Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to avoid multiple polling by a single voter.

Every voter gets approval from the polling officer.

If the polling officer issues approval with his control switch, then only the voter can poll his vote.

Working Principle

This issuance of approval is indicated by a long buzzer beep.

Vote count is stored in EEPROM and an LCD display is provided to display the total number of votes polled and individual contestant-vise votes polled.

An Erase button is also provided in order to make sure the contents of the EEPROM is zeroed before the start of the polling process.

A buzzer is provided for audio effect of the switch bounce.

Working Principle

Whenever a switch is bounced, the system acknowledges the bounce by a short beep sound.

If a voter tries to poll multiple times a long beep sound is generated.

The project can be extended by adding a GSM/WIFI module which eases the operation of voting by sending a simple SMS over the network or access through a Webpage over the internet network.

Applications

Fast track voting which could be used in small scale elections, like resident welfare association, “panchayat” level election and other society level elections.

It could also be used to conduct opinion polls during annual share holders meeting.

It could also be used to conduct general assembly elections in school and colleges to introduce idea about democracy.

Advantages

It is economical.

Less manpower required.

Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting.

Avoids invalid voting.

Saves transportation cost due to its compact size.

Convenient on the part of voter.

Disadvantages

Security issues and unequal internet access.

We have to use external chip to store the votes.

We have provide continuous power supply.

Conclusion

EVM-Electronic Voting Machine Project is designed and Implemented. The project can be extended by adding a GSM/WIFI module which eases the operation of voting by sending a simple SMS over the network or access through a Webpage over the internet network.

Evm electronic voting machine

Engineering