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Evolution of News in Networked PublicsAxel Maireder, University of Vienna DIATA 11, 14 - 15 September 2011, Düsseldorf
TraditionalNews Diffusion Research
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Death of Sen. Robert Taft(Larsen/Hill 1954)CC: US PUBLIC DOMAIN
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Robert_a_taft.jpg
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Kennedy Assasination(Greenberg 1964)CC: JFK Assasination Zapruder Filmhttp://www.Llickr.com/photos/e-‐strategycom/1053257131/
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9/11 Attacks(Rogers/Seidl 2010)
CC: Mate Eric J. Tilford. http://www.Llickr.com/photos/slagheap/132105258/
News Diffusion Research• Singular news events• Asking: How fast do news spread and through which channel?
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News Diffusion Research• Telephone interviews at different times after the event• Asking if they knew and where they knew it from
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News Diffusion ResearchDiffusion curves
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(Rogers/Seidl 2010) (Singhal et al. 2011)
Factors of diffusion• Channels (Basil / Brown 1994, Rogers 2000)
• News salience (Gantz et al. 1976)
• Personal relevance (Gantz & Trenholm 1979)
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Problems: • News itself stays virtually unchanged• News detached from history• Based on the basic Two-Step-Flow model
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News evolve over time • New information may be added• New perpectives may be added• Frames may change
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News are embedded in ongoing discourses • Stories have a history• Stories have contexts• History and context shape story evolution
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News evolve in networked publics • Different communication channels • Different sources• Kind of „Multi-Step-Flow“?
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Questions • Diffusion of News through Social Media?• Linkage btw. Press Releases, News Media, Blogs, UGC Platforms & Social Media?• News evolution in News Media vs. Social Media?
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Im et al. (2010) • Two cases in Korea• Content analysis of everything online related to story• Coded type of transformative activity to news story
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Twitter and News • Important source for News (Pew Research 2010, CMRC 2011)
• Major driver of Traffic to News Websites (Pew Research 2011)
• Heavily linking to News Media (Maireder 2011)
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Our Research Design‣ Tracking story development for ~72 hours‣ Everything online‣ Links / Sources‣ Story Aspects
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Cases๏ News discussed in Austria only๏ First source clearly assignable๏ Should lead to a widespread, national discussion
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from Austrian Press Agency‘s database
from Sensemetric‘sweb crawler
Items / Sources๏ Press Releases ๏ Online News Media Articles๏ TV / Radio News Clips
๏ Blog Entries๏ Tweets๏ Other Web Resources
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Homogenizing๏ Channel๏ Time published (hourly)๏ Hyperlinks extracted, named sources noted
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Coding✦ Aspects of the Story‣ Story development (events) (15)‣ Direct Background / Context (6)‣ Further aspects / general commentary (5)
✦ Type of Text (,objective‘ > commentarial)
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Case 1: Uwe Scheuch‘s conviction
CC: Georg Holzer, http://farm7.static.Llickr.com/6145/6001226817_782c30783b_b.jpg
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Material
0
500
1000
1500
2000
NewspaperTV / RadioPress ReleasesUGCTwitter
Keyword „Scheuch“Number of items by source
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0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
day 1 day 2 day 3
Total: 1578
Tweets / Hour
Gerhard Dörfler (Governor of Carinthia) TV Interview
First Reac<ons by FP Poli<cians
FP ABack on Jurisprudence
VP halts coali<on in Carinthia
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0
15
30
45
60
day 1 day 2 day 3
Mass Media Press ReleasesTV/Radio User Generatedother
Where do Tweets Link to?
N=1578
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0
20
40
60
80
11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 20h 21h 22h
News (story development)Background / ContextFurther / Commentary
What do they report/talk about?
Share of all Tweets
050
100150200
11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 20h 21h 22h
Total Number of Tweets
Gerhard Dörfler (Governor of Carinthia) TV Interview
First Reac<ons by FP Poli<cians FP Assembly
N=1179
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Other first findings- Twitter links to News Media contentrated to a few articles- Twitter adding lot‘s of context/ history; f.e. old press releases: „Revenge of the archive“- Lot‘s of general commentary
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Two more cases to followFurther analysis:• Aspects / Link Targets• Linkage patterns (mapping)• Combined analysis of cases
Thanks.
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Axel Maireder, University of Viennaaxel.maireder@univie.ac.attwitter.com/axelmaireder
1. Otto N. Larsen and Richard J. Hill, “Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication in the Diffusion of a News Event,” American Sociological Review 19, no. 4 (1954): 426-433.
2. Bradley S. Greenberg, “Diffusion of News of the Kennedy Assassination,” The Public Opinion Quarterly 28, no. 2 (July 1, 1964): 225-232.
3. Everett Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 3rd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1983).
4. Arvind Singhal, Everett Rogers, and Meenakshi Mahajan, “The gods are drinking milk! Word-of-mouth diffusion of a major news event in India,” Asian Journal of Communication 9, no. 1 (1999): 86.
5. Walter Gantz and Sarah Trenholm, “Why People Pass on News Events: A Study of Motivations for Interpersonal Diffusion.”, 1978, http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED153270.
6. Walter Gantz and Hiroshi Tokinoya, “Diffusion of News About the Assassination of Olof Palme: A Trans-Continental, Two-City Comparison of the Process,” European Journal of Communication 2, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 197 -210.
7. Michael D. Basil and William J. Brown, “Interpersonal Communication in News Diffusion: A Study of ‘Magic’ Johnson’s Announcement.,” Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 2 (1994): 305-20.
8. Pew Research, “Navigating News Online”, 2011, http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/navigating_news_online.
9. Pew Research, Understanding the Participatory News Consumer, 2010, http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Online-News/Summary-of-Findings.aspx.
10. Canadian edia Research Consortium CMRC, Social Networks Transforming How Canadians Get the News, 2011, http://www.mediaresearch.ca/en/projects/socialmedia.htm.