Post on 17-Mar-2016
description
transcript
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Systems
Models
Applications
“...to explain the complex visible by some simple invisible.”Jean Perrin
© Ernesto Costa 2011
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Biology
Evolution
Genetics
Development
Bio-Inspired Computation
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Evolution
Diversity
Complexity
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Evolution
Natural Selection
All species derive from common ancestorCharles Darwin, 1859
On the Origins of Species
Population
Survival of the fittest
Variation
Heredity
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Levels of Organization
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Inside the cell
Levels of Organization
© Ernesto Costa 2011
GeneticsDNA BasesNucleotide
Coding 1.5%Regulatory 3%
© Ernesto Costa 2011
GeneticsNucleotides
© Ernesto Costa 2011
GeneticsFrom Genotype
To Phenotype
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Central Dogma
Introns
Exons
Splicing
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Mutation
Recombination
Variation
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Gene Expression
G
C G
C
A
T
T
A
T
A
G
C
A
T
A
T
A
T
G
CG
C
GC UA ACU U TC
G
Ala Pro Ile
Codon Codon Codon
Amino Acid
Folding
DNA
mRNA
Protein
Transcription
Translation
CodonAmino Acid
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Genetic Code
Redundancy
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Binding site OFF
Regulatory Region Coding Region
Gene
Gene Regulation
ON
Regulatory Protein
RNA
Protein
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Genetics
Gene Regulatory Network
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Development
!?
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Development
Phases
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Development
What is true for the E.coli is true for the elephantJacques Monod, 1965
Nobel Laureate
Genes for pattern formation
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Similar number of roughly 20,000 genes
99% of genes have counterparts in each species
Development
Mouse vs Human
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Development
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Development
Gene Toolkit
fly
mouse
humans
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Development
Question: Shared genes and diversity?
© Ernesto Costa 2011
Development
Answer
Gene’s Switch
Regulatory Regions