Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.81 Volume 1.

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Excellence Publication Co. Ltd.Volume 1 2.8 1

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B. Functions of an Operating SystemB. Functions of an Operating System

the system program that runs a computer system

A. Definition of an Operating SystemA. Definition of an Operating System

(1) Providing a User Interface(1) Providing a User Interface

HardwareHardwareOperating systemOperating system

Application programming interfaceApplication programming interface User interfaceUser interface

ApplicationApplicationprogramprogram

allow users to interact with the computer system

(a) Character-based User Interface (CUI)(a) Character-based User Interface (CUI)

Types of Interface:Types of Interface:

the user has to enter commands through the keyboard

(b) Graphical User Interface (GUI)(b) Graphical User Interface (GUI)user has to click on icons, buttons and

menus through the mouse

(2) Scheduling Jobs(2) Scheduling Jobs

control the order and time in which programs are run

(3)(3) Managing Multitasking Managing Multitasking

can keep several application programs open at the same time

(4) Manipulating Data(4) Manipulating Data

keep track of the data on the hard disk or secondary storage devices

An application programAn application programneeds to read orneeds to read or

write data.write data.

The file system of theThe file system of theOS then accesses OS then accesses

the physical locationthe physical locationon the disk.on the disk.

Call the OSCall the OS

Return dataReturn data

(5) Allocating Computing Resources(5) Allocating Computing Resources control peripheral devices by sending

them commands

(6) Providing Security(6) Providing Security can provide password

protection to keep unauthorized users out of the computer system

C. Common Operating SystemsC. Common Operating Systems

(1) Microsoft Windows(1) Microsoft Windows

a 32-bit operating system(a) Windows 95(a) Windows 95

allow long file name

support Plug-and-Play (PnP)

an upgrade of Windows 95(b) Windows 98(b) Windows 98

support Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Digital Versatile/Video Discs (DVDs)

an upgrade of Windows 98

(c) Windows Me (c) Windows Me (Millennium edition)(Millennium edition)

Area New featuresArea New featuresSystem stability and error correction

System restoration and file system protection.

Multimedia working All sorts of neat little tools for creating, managing, storing and sharing music, digital photos and movie clips.

Home networking Tools for setting up a mini home network through a few steps.

Online experience Major improvements in surfing and communicating across the Internet.

built on the Windows NT kernel

(d) Windows NT (New Technology)(d) Windows NT (New Technology)

give much better system stability, security and performance

There are two versions:

(i)Windows NT Workstation

(ii)Windows NT Server

a major upgrade from Windows NT 4

(e) Windows 2000(e) Windows 2000

more stable than Windows NT

uses Active Directory system, which is a major redesign of the directory structure for companies

There are four versions:(i) Windows 2000 Professional(ii) Windows 2000 Server(iii) Windows 2000 Advanced Server(iv) Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

(f) Windows XP (eXPerience)(f) Windows XP (eXPerience)

an upgraded client version of Windows 2000

allow different family members to use their own desktops and personal sets of files

There are two versions:(i) Home Edition version(ii)Professional version

(g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics)(g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics)

based on the Windows operating system

a 32-bit multitasking and multithreading operating system

(2) Unix(2) Unix widely used as the master control program

in workstations and especially servers

probability, low price and excellent performance

a popular choice among governments, academic institutions and companies

(3) Linux(3) Linux provides Unix-like operation, stability and

security

it can be downloaded from the Internet for free

suitable for all size of business

(4) Mac OS(4) Mac OS

an operating system for Macintosh computers from Apple

with powerful features such as protected memory, preemptive multitasking, advanced memory management and the SMP

(5) OS/2(5) OS/2 an operating system for Intel x86

machines from Microsoft and IBM

Dual boot feature:boot either OS/2 or DOS

There are two version:OS/2 Warp Client, OS/2 Warp Server

Advantages:(i) Strong on the connectivity and the provision

of robust virtual machines.(ii) Strong in the banking industry.

(6) BeOS(6) BeOS an operating system developed by Be

(7) EPOC(7) EPOCa 32-bit operating system for Psion

handheld devices from Symbian

(8) Palm OS(8) Palm OS an operating system for Palm handheld

devices from Palm

E. Cross-platform IssuesE. Cross-platform Issues

some operating systems support cross-platform computing

allow software or hardware to run identically on different platforms

people can exchange information between different types of operating systems and computer models

F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating SystemsSystems

support two or more simultaneous computer users

(1) Multi-user Modes(1) Multi-user Modes

can execute two or more programs in a single CPU simultaneously

(2) Multitasking Modes(2) Multitasking Modes

respond to input data and transactions immediately

(3) Batch Processing Modes(3) Batch Processing Modes execute a queue of non-interactive jobs

and return the results all at one time

(4) Real Time Processing Modes(4) Real Time Processing Modes

communicate with the computer users interactively

(5) Interactive Processing Modes(5) Interactive Processing Modes

State two common operating State two common operating

systems for home users and systems for home users and

compare their advantages and compare their advantages and

disadvantages.disadvantages.

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Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.81 Volume 1.

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