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Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
25 April 2012
Nasim Mahmud
Advisor: Professor Dr. Karin Coninx
Co-advisor: Professor Dr. Kris Luyten
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interactionto Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Exploiting Context-awareness and Social Interaction to Provide Help in Large–scale Environments
Why Help?
• Someone is unable to do what he wants to do
• Someone needs some information
• Someone needs guidance
Is this for…?
On my way to San Sebastian, Spain
Need More and More Precise Information
In San Sebastian, Spain
A person is browsing a map
Other people joined the search
Need more reliable information
Need More and More Precise Information
A menu along with a dictionary
Need more interactive information
Need More and More Precise Information
Motivation
• People need fine-grained or interactiveinformation
• People need reliable information
• Problems in asking someone for help:
– Who is willing or eligible to provide help
– People are often hesitant to ask strangers
– Finding someone in the vicinity
RQs
• How to find a suitable person who can help?
• How to exchange contextual information?
• How to select relevant contextual information and potential groups of help providers?
• How can persons with special need benefit from context-awareness and social computing?
• How can social and context-awareness improve data dissemination?
Goal
Goal
Context
What am I doing?
Who am I with?
What is possible?
Where am I?
What time is it?
How is the weather?
How is the … ?
What am I doing?
Who am I with?
What is possible?
Where am I?
What time is it?
How is the weather?
How is the … ?
Social-context
Social-context
Social-context
Is available…
Social-context
Is available…
Is willing to…
Social-context
Is available…
Is willing to…
Is knowledgeable…
Ubiquitous Help System (UHS)
Ubiquitous Help System (UHS)
• People seek
• Precise and fine-grained information
• Often from other person(s)
• From reliable source
– It utilizes
• External context (time, location)
• Internal context (willingness, ability)
• Social Network (FOAF)
Profiles and Preferences
How
Extract from my foaf profileExtract from other users’ foaf profile
Application logic
My preference Other users’ preferences
Constraints Constraints
Contextual variables
How Does it Work?
…has a question
Profile and preference matched
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Reply
How Does it Work?
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile and preference matched
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Reply
How Does it Work?
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Profile and preference matched
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Reply
How Does it Work?
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Profile and preference matched
Reply
Profile and preference matched
? ?
? ?
…has a question
Profile matched
Reply
Client Structure
Query Structure
Distributed Search
SPARQL search
UHS Java Client
How to Exchange Information
• How to exchange contextualinformation
• How to exchange rich media
What am I doing?
Who am I with?
What is possible?
Where am I?
What time is it?
How is the weather?
How is the … ?
Do you like this toy?
Who Can Help with the Question?
• A friend
• A family member
• A colleague
• A familiar person
Related Work
• Search by using social networksFacebook, Facebook questions, Quora, Twitter etc.
• Mobile social Q&A
• Photo-based question and answer }Mobile Social Search
Photo-based Question Answer
Tom Yeh et al.(MM 2008)Community based
VizWiz
Jeffrey P. Bigham et al. (UIST 2010)Crowdsourcing based
Limitations of Existing Solutions
• Limited context-awareness
• Lacking social awareness
• Utilizes community and crowdsourcing
– Not suitable for a range of personal questions
– Not suitable where in-situ help is required
– Not interactive enough
Ubiquitous Help System-Next (UHS-Next)
UHS-Next System
A mobile system that provides
– Context-aware communication
– Media rich communication
– Usage of users’ personal social network
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
• Take a picture
• Ask a question
• Select a group
• Select contextual information
• Preview the question
• Send
User Test
User Test 1: Finding Help
Where are you?
What does it mean?
Results of User Test 1
• UHS-Next is simple to use
• Voice interaction for ‘spoken audio question’ is needed
• Inspiring result
User Test 2: Spontaneous Social Interaction
• Free use of UHS-Next in real life by
– Two users
– One actor
• For two days
– In office environment
– In daily life situations
Results of User Test 2
• Other use than seeking help
– Spontaneous social interaction
– Sharing cognitive load
– Sharing daily life experiences (Fun moment, “Whose office is this?”)
• Easily embedded in daily life
– Useful
– Easy to use
Remaining Difficulties
• Selecting right context
• Selecting right group of users
To solve these, we propose a mixed-initiative approach
Mixed-initiative Context Filteringand Group Selection Approach
• Our approach selects and prioritizes the contextual data for a question, based on the question content
• Helps to select a group of potential help providers
Mixed-initiative Approach
• Human internal context is subtle to measure by the available technologies
• A fully automated system requires to know all the variable about human-activity and external context
• To reflect that the user’s requirements are satisfied and make sure that the user is in control
Context Selection
• A broad range (e.g., urgency, time, location, weather conditions)
• Which contextual information is important? (e.g., time critical, quality critical)
• How to capture that information? (e.g., urgency, location, reliability)
• How to convey that information? (e.g., I am here (where ‘here’ is unknown to the user))
Ubiquitous Help System-Selection (UHS-Selection)
Asking question in a natural way
From Voice Question and from Sensors
Ubiquitous Help System for Context and Group Selection (UHS-Selection)
Main screen
Voice to Text conversion, user in the control
Voice to Text
Parsing the Text
Language Processing
• Utilize the WordNet dictionary
– A social network of words
– Synonyms, meaning and relevance
• Utilize Named Entity Recognition (NER)
– Structure data in XML
– Customized for the purpose
The UHS-Selection system sets priority to location
Result
Group Selection
• Based on the context priority list (output from the context selection algorithm)
• Current context (e.g., location, heading)
• Current task
• Next task
Group Selection: Visualization
Limitations and Workaround
• Need to know more information about the persons who can provide help (e.g., location)
• Social translucence provides the balance (Erickson et al. (2000))
We have applied the framework in particular application domain, for Persons with Dementia
(PwD)
And in the dynamic social network
Simulated vehicular network
We have applied the framework in particular application domain, for Persons with Dementia
(PwD)
And in the dynamic social network
Simulated vehicular network
Sharing awareness information in specific context of use – Persons with Dementia
– In the early stage of dementia, they can live their lives as usual, they can go:
– Shopping,
– Bird watching,
– Jogging,
– … …
– When dementia syndrome progresses, they need more attention, and targeted help/ more social and navigational help
Dementia
• Dementia is a term for a syndrome related to the loss of cognitive functions
• An acquired decline in memory and thinking (cognition) due to brain disease that results in significant impairment of personal, social or occupational function
General Needs
A person with dementia needs more independence in terms of :
– Spatial
– Temporal and
– Social
awareness
As the Dementia Syndrome Progresses
• It becomes an important cause of dependencies
• …Persons with dementia, are increasingly dependent on their social environment (likely to be less autonomous)
• In most of the cases, in the early form of dementia the caregiver is a family member(Schulz et al. 2010)
Scenario
(COMuICSer tool . Haesen, M. et al. 2009)
Ubiquitous Help System for Persons with Dementia (UHSd)
Relation Between the Models Used to Develop the System : Part 1/3
Dialog model
Application model
Relation Between the Models Used to Develop the System : Part 1/3
Dialog model
Application model
Relation Between the Models Used to Develop the System Part 2/3
Dialog model
Application model
Relation Between the Models Used to Develop the System Part 2/3
Dialog model
Application model
Relation Between the Models Used to Develop the System Part 3/3
Dialog model
Application model
System Overview of UHSd
System Overview of UHSd
One Example
To-do (Baker/Buy bread )
– Time (From 10:00 to 11:00)
– Location (Grote Markt Baker)
– Associated contact (Jane, Ilsa, Mark )
Resulting System (UHSd)-Navigation Panel
Resulting System(UHSd)-Communication Panel
Summary of Ubiquitous Help System for Persons with Dementia (UHSd)
• UHSd provides memory aid in terms of– Spatial
– Temporal
– Social awareness
• Provides context-aware support– Ensures (partly) gaining users autonomy
– Ensures feeling of connectedness
Lessons Learned
• We presented an interactive system and observed that applications for people with dementia can be created by explicitly taking context into account in the design process
• Three types of context variables involved in the communication (Space, Time and Social Context)
We have applied the framework in particular application domain, for Persons with Dementia
(PwD)
And in the dynamic social network
Simulated vehicular network
We have applied the framework in particular application domain, for Persons with Dementia
(PwD)
And in the dynamic social network
Simulated vehicular network
Geo-Social Interaction for Context-aware Help in Large-scale Public Spaces
• We present
– an approach, how to utilize social and spatio-temporal context to improve information dissemination
– Geo-social relevance with a ‘Dynamic view approach’
– Evaluated using a simulation with real life car data
People who are `on-the-move' often do not have an opportunity to spend long time looking for what they need
Motivation
Social-components
• Person in the network
• Person with matched profile
• Person with matched preferences, help type, urgency
Geo-components
• User’s location
• Distance between users (Help seeker and Help provider)
• Direction of movement
Finding Balance (in Geo-social Components)
Friends
• Friendship is ‘asymmetric’ relation (like Twitter)
• Dynamically updating list
Help Type Matching (Asymmetric)
Validation ( by Simulation in KULeuven)
• Using realistic dataset for cars
• In area of 250 km by 260 km
• Logged simulation data for 24 hours
Socializing Cars Vehicular Network
Conclusion
Improved relevance back propagation technique for routing messages in the network shows better results for each evaluated parameter
Conclusion
Lessons Learned from the Dynamic Social Network
• Social networking capabilities and spatio-temporal context information significantly improves purposeful interaction between individuals
• It improves in terms of both the efficiency of the network data dissemination and the quality of the delivered information
Conclusion
Contributions
• Contributions are situated in– Context-aware computing
– Social computing
• Several approaches and algorithms to support `aware interaction’
• We have developed number of context-aware social computing systems
• We have evaluated the systems
• We have studied dynamic social network systems
Context-aware Social Computing Systems
‘Aware’ Interaction
Future Research Directions
• An evaluation framework for context-aware and social computing system
• Emergency response
• Assistive Technology
Thank youhttp://research.edm.uhasselt.be/~nmahmud/