Exploring the Bill of RightsExploring the Bill of RightsFor the 21st CenturyFor the 21st Century

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The First The First AmendmentAmendment

Five Essential Five Essential Freedoms and RightsFreedoms and Rights

Freedom of SpeechCongress shall make no laws . . . abridging the freedom of speech

Limits on speech?

Freedom of ReligionFreedom of ReligionFreedom of ReligionFreedom of ReligionCongress shall make no law

respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free

exercise there of

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free

exercise there of

What actions violate these clauses?

Freedom of the PressFreedom of the PressFreedom of the PressFreedom of the PressCongress shall make no law

. . .abridging . . . the freedom

of thepress.”

Congress shall make no law . . .

abridging . . . the freedom of the

press.”

What are some legal limits on press?

Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of AssemblyFreedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly

Congress shall make no law . . . Abridging . . . The people to peaceably assemble”

Petition the GovernmentPetition the Government

Congress shall make no law . . . Abridging . . . the people. . . to petition the government for a redress of grievances”

2nd Amendment

A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to bear arms shall not be infringed.

3rd Amendment

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war. . . .

4th Amendment4th Amendment• The right of the people to be secure in their persons,

houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,

• shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, ….. particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

• The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,

• shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, ….. particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

5th Amendment5th AmendmentNo person shall be held to answer for a …

crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury

nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb[double jeopardy]

nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself [self-incrimination]

No person shall be held to answer for a … crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury

nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb[double jeopardy]

nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself [self-incrimination]

5th Amendment5th Amendment

nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law

nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation [eminent domain]

nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law

nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation [eminent domain]

6th Amendment6th AmendmentIn all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an

impartial jury to be informed of the nature and cause of the

accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining

witnesses in his favor to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an

impartial jury to be informed of the nature and cause of the

accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining

witnesses in his favor to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense

7th Amendment7th Amendment

In Suits at common law, In Suits at common law, where the value in where the value in controversy shall exceed controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be of trial by jury shall be preserved….preserved….

In Suits at common law, In Suits at common law, where the value in where the value in controversy shall exceed controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be of trial by jury shall be preserved….preserved….

Eighth Amendment• No excessive

bail or fines (criminal cases only)

• No cruel and unusual punishment

Methods of Execution

• http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/pdf/t6872007.pdf

9th Amendment9th Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people

“reserved rights of the people”

[other rights may be protected even if not included in the Bill of Rights ex: right to privacy]

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people

“reserved rights of the people”

[other rights may be protected even if not included in the Bill of Rights ex: right to privacy]

10th Amendment10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

[states' rights or reserved powers of the states]

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

[states' rights or reserved powers of the states]