Post on 12-Jul-2019
transcript
Dr. Thangavelu JayabalanINERIS
DME SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY WORKSHOP
LANDESVERTRETUNG NRWBERLIN
24 MAY 2019
FLEXIBLE DME PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS: FLEDGED PROJECT UPDATE
The FLEDGED project will deliver a process for Bio-based dimethyl Ether (DME) production from biomass gasification, validated in industrially relevant environment (TRL5).
Flexible sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) process
Sorption enhanced DME synthesis (SEDMES) process
• Process intensification• Efficiency improvements• Environmental impact reduction• Cost reductions• Process flexibility
NOVEL FLEDGED PROCESS
SEG process
Biomass
airTar/PM removal
H2S separation
SE-DME synthesis
DMEDME separation
Optional CO recycle (smaller for given yield)
FLEDGED process: SEG + SEDMES
Steam
The FLEDGED project
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Gasification process
BiomassTar/PM removal
WGS unit
CO2separation
H2S separation
MeOHsynthesis
DME synthesis
DMEMeOHseparation
MeOH DME separation
MeOH recycleH2/CO/CO2 recycle
SEG process
Biomass
airTar/PM removal
H2S separation
SE-DME synthesis
DMEDME separation
Optional CO recycle (smaller for given yield)
Biomass to DME by FLEDGED process
Biomass to DME with conventional process
ASU
air
Air (if ind. gas)
O2
Steam
Steam
Process intensification
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Solid material with Ca-based sorbent is circulated between the gasifier-carbonator and the combustor-calciner to:• produce a N2-free syngas with no need of pure oxygen production and external heating of the reactor;• absorb CO2 in the gasifier and adjust C/H content in the syngas.
Sorption Enhanced Gasification
Gasifier-carbonator
600-700°C
Combustor-calciner
800-900°CBiomass
Steam
Syngas(N2-free syngas)
CaO
CaCO3 + char
Solid circulation
Air
Biomass (if needed)
Flue gas(N2, CO2 > 90%db)
Limestone
Bed material
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Process flexibility: integration with intermittent RES
If integrated with an electrolysis unit providing renewable hydrogen, SEG process parameters can be adjusted to produce syngas suitable for SEDMES process.
Contribution to electric grid stability by power-to-liquid conversion
Gasifier DME synthesis
Electrolyser
DMESyngas with adjusted composition (M<2)
Biomass
H2
O2
Combustor
Biomass (if needed)
Flue gas to stackair
steam
water
Target syngas composition (M=2)
Circulating solids
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Main facilities for SEG demonstration
Flexible SEG process will be demonstrated in the TRL5 200 kW dual fluidized bed facility at IFK, University of Stuttgart.
20 kW USTUTT dual fluidized bed facility
Bio-mass
V-252
Gas analysis
to fan
H2O
M
M
cone valve
Lower loop seal
Upper loop seal
Com
bust
or/C
alci
ner (
CFB
)
Gas
ifier
/Car
bona
tor
(TFB
)
Air
Gas analysis
to flare
Cyclones
Filter
Cyclones
Filter
Gas analysis
Gas analysis
Fuel
75 kW CSIC-ICB bubbling fluidized bed gasifier
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SEG process flexibility: tailored syngas module
Influence of the gasification temperature on syngas module ‘M’
𝑀𝑀 =𝐻𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2
M < 2 (Power to DME) M = 2 (DME)
Tgasif > 760°C: P-t-DME possible
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Facilities for SEDMES development
TRL5 multi-column PSA rig at ECN-TNOHigh throughput test-rig (Spider setup) and
Single column PSA test-rig (SEWGS-1 setup) at ECN-TNO
Facilities for testing and synthesis of SEDMES catalysts at CSIC-ICP
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Steam separation enhanced DME synthesis
Methanol synthesisCO2+3H2 ⇌ CH3OH+H2O
Methanol dehydration2CH3OH ⇌ CH3OCH3+H2O
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Equilibrium with in situ water removal
275 °C25 bar(a)
54 mol% H215 mol% CO7.7 mol% CO2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Com
posi
tion
/ m
ol%
Steam slip / mol%
DME
CH3OH
CO
CO2
Composition 3
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Example: 4-step TPSA cycle design1. Adsorption2. Depressurisation (blowdown)3. Temperature swing & purge4. Repressurisation
Sorption enhanced DME synthesis: the cycle in practice
Adso
rptio
n
Depr
essu
risat
ion
Tem
pera
ture
swin
g &
pur
ge.
Repr
essu
risat
ion
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
X(%
)
CO2/(CO2+CO)
Sorption enhanced DME synthesis process
275 °C inlet25 bar(a)4 columnsCatalyst + sorbent(Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 + LTA)
DME reactor
SEDMES reactors
SEP DME
H2O
Purge
240 °C inlet25 bar(a)One reactor (tubular)Direct DME catalyst(Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 + H-ZSM5)
H2O
Syngas
Direct DME
SEDMES
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Sorption enhanced DME synthesis
Conventional production of DME– Low DME yield– CO2 production– Complex separation
Sorption enhanced DME synthesis– Increased CO/CO2 flexibility– Increased DME yield– Decreased CO2 content
Outlook– Regeneration strategy:
From TPSA to PSA
– System designTradeoff DME selectivity versus productivity
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Other activities for FLEDGED process developmentModelling and process integration• Process simulation and optimization of full-scale FLEDGED plants• Modelling of SEG dual fluidized bed reactors• Modelling of DME reactor and synthesis process
Technology scale-up and economic analysis• Economic analysis of full scale SEG+SEDMES plants• Scale up study of SEG process• Scale up study of SEDMES process
Risk and Sustainability Analysis• Environmental Life Cycle Assessment• Process safety Analysis• Socio-Economic Analysis
Exploitation• Short-term technical exploitation: design of a TRL 6-7 demo plant at ECOH• Short-medium term commercial exploitation at small scale• Medium-long term commercial exploitation at large scale• Commercial exploitation of the SEG and SEDMES sub-processes
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Risk & Sustainability Analysis
Environmental LCA Socio Economic AnalysisProcess Safety Analysis
Risk & Sustainability Analysis
Cross cutting activity aims at promoting a sustainable & safedevelopment of the FLEDGED technologyInputs for stakeholders to support key decisions to develop FLEDGEDtechnologies.
2 partners & 4 different teams with multidisciplinary competences addressing thesustainability and safety aspects.
Final results are expected from this task by June 2020
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Life Cycle Assessment
Assessment of environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction to use/end-of-life;
The functional unit (FU) for which the LCA study is performed and the results are presented is 1 km driven.
In this preliminary life cycle assessment only the baseline FLEDGED scenario is assessed. The system boundary of the FLEDGED LCA is shown below:
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Sorption enhanced gasification followed by a sorption enhanced DME synthesis. The raw material used is wood pellets.
Life Cycle Assessment
-308
152
156
50
37
1
-12
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Biomass production andtransport
FLEDGED process DME distribution DME useg
CO2-
eq/k
m d
riven
From biogenic sources From fossil sources From avoided electricity production
The climate change impact from biogenic sources is negligible because nearly all the biogeniccarbon is emitted in the same form as it captured into biomass through photosynthesis.
Biomass production and transport and production of auxiliary materials for FLEDGED process(inert gases and calcium carbonate) are the main sources of climate change impact from fossilfuels.
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Life Cycle Assessment
88
190210 220
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FLEDGED DME Natural gas Diesel LPG Gasoline
g CO
2-eq
/km
driv
en
FLEDGED DME is in terms of climate change impact more advantageous than the conventional fossil fuels (58% less impact than diesel, 71% less than gasoline).
Comparisons will be further made with other biofuels and configurations of DME process (configurations and feedstocks).
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• Assessment of technological risks related to the FLEDGED value chains.• Promoting safety at the early stages of development through Inherently
Safer Design.
Special focus on- Intensification & flexibility of process,- Storage & logistics,- Comparison and selection of process configurations,- Scale-up.
Process Safety Analysis
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Process Safety Analysis – Preliminary Results
DTA/TGA pre-screening of self heating of solids
20-liters sphere apparatus for explosibility characterization
Isothermal Oven Tests
Dust explosion and self heating characteristics of feedstocks • Municipal solid wastes • Lignocellulosic feedstocks (straw and wood)• Refuse derived fuel 0
2468
1012141618
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017
Fire
acc
iden
ts in
ope
n st
orag
e
http://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/
Krisgstin et al, Recent Health and Safety Incident Trends Related to the Storage ofWoody Biomass: A Need for Improved Monitoring Strategies, Forests 2018, 9, 538
Assessment of risks related to biomass pre-treatment, transfer and storage
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Process Safety Analysis – Preliminary Results
Feedstocks – sensitive to self heating & dustexplosions• Strong correlation on the physical and chemical
properties of the biomass : particle size distribution,humidity, compaction, etc.
• Storage height dimensions vary from 5m to 15mdepending on the biomass.
- Characterisation of feedstocks, effective management ofstockpiles, technical and organisational practices arerequired.
• The biomass feedstocks mainly belong to explosionclass St1. Experimental results have shown strongexplosion characteristics St-2 for fines.
Dust Explosion Classification
Dust explosion index Kst
(bar.m/sec)
Qualification
St-0 0 No explosion
St-1 0-200 Weak to moderate explosion
St-2 201-300 Strong explosion
St-3 >300 Very strong explosion
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Aims and scope• identify the advantages and disadvantages of the FLEDGED technology
• focus on the FLEDGED process for DME based fuel production
• focus on the use of DME based fuels
• provide, where possible, monetary estimates of induced environmental and health impacts (based on LCA)
• model the air quality & health impacts in Europe of DME use scenarios (replacing diesel by DME in the transport sector)
• compare benefits (= avoided impacts) to costs
Socio-Economic Analysis (SEA) in FLEDGED
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SEA – Modelling air quality & health impacts of DME use scenarios
Impacts of emissions on air quality and health are estimated using the “Impact Pathway Approach”
Emissions
Dispersion
Exposure
Impact
Damage
Pollutant emissions: NOx, SO2, NMVOC … from road transport sectors but also from other sectors and biogenic emissions
Emission scenario information comes from transport or integrated models (e.g. COPERT, GAINS…) or is based on expert information
Exposure calculated as population-weighted concentrations: Population x pollutant concentration at grid level and aggregated at country level
The Alpha-Risk-Poll (ARP) model quantifies health impacts (mortality, morbidity) at country level through the application of concentration-response functions
ARP also calculates the monetary equivalent of the health impacts (= damage)
Pollutant concentrations: CHIMERE (a CTM model) is used to simulate transport, chemical transformation and deposition of pollutants in the atmosphere
Benefits (avoided health damage) due to DME replacing diesel use are compared to costs for adapting vehicles
Analysis carried out for reference and DME use scenarios
Changes in results = benefits (or disbenefits)
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SEA - Information requirements for DME use scenarios
Emission factors• for Heavy duty vehicles & light duty vehicles & cars• for pure DME use and for blending (with information of percentage of DME in blend)• exhaust and evaporative emissions• for emissions of CO2, CO, NOx including the NO2 fraction, PM10, PM2.5, VOCNM (ideally with information on
VOC speciation)• if possible according to Euro standards and depending on the speed of the vehicle• information on whether such emission factors are measured following the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle)
and the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) or are estimates onlyMarket expectations about the potential spread of DME as transport fuel• shares of diesel replaced by DME per vehicle type and target year• quantities of DME used in road transport per vehicle type and target yearCosts for the conversion from diesel vehicle to DME-fueled vehicle• retrofitted versus new vehicle• blending versus pure DME use
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SEA - Information requirements for DME use scenarios
If you are willing to share information with us, please
• I am available for discussions during the meeting
• or send an e-mail to Simone.schucht@ineris.fr and Elsa.real@ineris.fr
Thank you
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The consortium
Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)
Quantis
University of Stuttgart (USTUTT)
Sumitomo SHI FW
Lappeenranta University(LUT)
Econward Tech (ECON)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
L'Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques
Frames RenewableEnergy Solutions B.V.(FRES)
ECN part of TNO
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727600
Find out more: www.fledged.euContact us: info@fledged.euFollow us: @FledgedProject
Fledged H2020 Project
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