FOOD BORNE INFECTIONS

FOOD BORNE ILLNESS

 Any illness resulting from the consumption

of contaminated food:

Pathogenic bacteria

Viruses

Parasites 

Toxic chemical

Natural toxins such as poisonous mushrooms

BACTERIAL CAUSES

Shigella species (bacillary dysentery)

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi (typhoid

and paratyphois fever)

Campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis)

Vibrio cholerae (cholera)

Escherichia coli (diarrheal diseases)

SHIGELLA INFECTION

Shigella cause bloody diarrhea

(dysentery)

Often begins with watery diarrhea

accompanied by fever and abdominal

cramps

TRANSMISSION

Infect only humans

Mostly person-to-person spread

Faecal-oral route through contaminated food and water

House flies

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SHIGELLOSIS

164.7 million case annually

163.2 in developing countries

1.1 million death

61% of mortalities in children < 5 years

SALMONELLA PATHOGENIC SEROTYPES

Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and C

Primarily human pathogens

Only found in human

PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONELLA

Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid)

Gastroenteritis and food poisoning

Bacteraemia

CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI

Cause gastroenteritis

Poultry products

CHOLERA

Caused by Vibrio cholerae

Massive watery diarrhoea

Epidemics

ESCHERICHIA COLI (DIARRHEAL DISEASES)

Diarrhea in infants

Traveler diarrhea

Hemorrhagic diarrhea

Dysentery similar to shigellosis

BACTERIA FOOD POISONING

Staphylococcus aureus (diary products)

Salmonella typhimurium (poultry products)

Bacillus cereus (rice)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (sea food)

Clostridium botulinum (caned food)

VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

Common cause of diarrhoea

Self-limiting

Dehydration

VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

Enterovirus (poliomyelitis)

Hepatitis A (hepatitis)

Hepatitis E (hepatitis)

Rotavirus (diarrhoea)

PARASITIC FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Cryptosporidium parvum (cryptosporidiosis)

Entamoeba histolytica (parasitic dysentery)

Giardia lamblia (giardiasis )

MANAGEMENT

Re-hydration

Anti-toxin

Antibiotics

Antiviral

Anti-parasitic

BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

BLOOD-BORNE DISEASES

A blood-borne disease is one that can be

spread through contamination by blood

MOST COMMON EXAMPLES

HIV

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

OTHER MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

High-risk sexual behavior

Intravenous drug use

VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE

Diseases transmitted by insect or other

vector

Causative agent can be found in blood

Vector-borne diseases include:

West Nile virus

Dengue fever

Malaria

STANDARD MEDICAL PRACTICE

Treat all blood (and body fluids) as potentially

infectious

Blood and Body Fluid precautions are a standard

infection control measure to minimize Blood-

borne infections

Needle-stick injuries is the greatest threat to

health care workers

END