Factors Affecting Student Attrition and Success

in Distance Education(Case of Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia)

Research Team

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Student Attrition in DE

Why student attrition is important!

Miltiadou, M. & Savenye, W.C (2003), Tri Darmayanti and Belawati (2002)

(Tinto (1977); Belawati (1995); Kember (1995); Kristanti and Islam (2003))

(Keller (1987); Visser (1998); Sedyaningsih at all (2003)

Study ProgramAttrition Rate 2006(1) 2009(2)

Management (S2) 0.4 0.2 0.2

Public Administration (S2) 0.4 0.2 0.2Food Technology 0.2 0.8 0.1Mathematics 0.2 0.5 0.6Biology 0.3 0.6 0.2Statistics 0.3 0.3 0.5Agribusiness 0.3 0.2 0.3Management 0.2 0.4 0.4Accountancy 0.2 0.3 0.4

Business Administration 0.2 0.3 0.3

Public Administration 0.2 0.3 0.3Government Studies 0.2 0.3 0.3Sociology 0.2 0.3 0.4Communication 0.2 0.3 0.4Mathematics Education 0.2 0.2 0.4Physic Education 0.1 0.2 0.2Taxation 0.2 0.5 0.4Library science 0.2 0.1 0.1

Basic Education 0.3 0 0.1

Who did withdraw from the program ?

Semester and GPA

Gender and Age

Educational Background

Parent Educational Background

1= High School; 2= Diploma; 3= Bachelor; 4= Post Graduate

Type of Employment

Why did they withdraw from the program?

Reasons Individual Institution Socio Cultural

Voluntary The program is unfitted with the demand (6)

lack of motivation (6) The program is out of

student expectation (5) Limited knowledge about

the program (2)

Lack of sufficient information about the course (27)

Limited student advisory and counseling (face to face) (26)

Limited information about student registration (25)

Limited information about the program (22)

Course is difficult to be understood (17)

Limited student advisory and counseling (online) (15)

Limited feedback (14)

Being isolated (27)

Unfamiliar with self directed learning (16)

Involuntary

Financial mater (18) No internet access (14) Isolated domicile (8) Frequent changes of

domicile (3)

Regional office is unreachable(15) Examination and Tutorial locations

are difficult to be reached (11)

Lack of family support (2)

Lack of social support (2)

Unavoidable

Busy with the own work (24)

exhausted (3) Illness (1)

Program ceased No longer required degree/certificate (1)

MAIN ISSUES

Reason Individual Institution Socio-Cultural

Voluntary Motivation Communication Adaptation

Involuntary Communication

Adaptation Motivation

Unavoidable

Adaptation Communication Motivation

STUDENT – INSTITUTION

EXPECTATION GAP

RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL

Individual Motivation Latar Belakang Integration/ Adaptation Kesulitan belajar

Institution factor Communication Academic Supports Learning Supports Value added of the program

Socio-Culturalawarenessfamily supportssocial supports

Drop Out Decision Line

RETENTIONERING

Re- Admission

Sources: Ormond Simpson (2003) Student retention in online, open and distance learning.

Effectiveness

Belawati , T(2003) Increasing Persistence in Indonesia Post-Secondary Distance Education, University of British Columbia: Unpublished Dissertation.

Damayanti, T and T. Belawati (2002) Kemauan Belajar (Learning Volition) Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universitas Terbuka.Keller, j m (1987b) Strategies for Stimulating the Motivation to Learn, Performance and Instruction Journal, 26 (8),Miltiadou, M. & Savenye, W.C. (2003). Applying Social Cognitive Constructs of Motivation to Enhance Student Success in Online Distance Education. AACE Journal, 11(1)Puspitasari , K and Samsul, I (2003) Kesiapan Belajar Mandiri Mahasiswa dan calon potensial mahasiwa pada PTJJ

di Indonesia. Universitas TerbukaSediyaningsih, S. et all (2003) Konsep diri dan interaksi sosial studi mengenai komunikasi interpersonal dalam Interaksi sosial jaak jauh terhadap pembentukan konsep diri mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka. Universitas TerbukaSimpson O. (2003) Student Retention in Online, Open and Distence Learning. London: Kogan Page Ltd.Scott L. Howell, (2003) Thirty-two Trends Affecting Distance Education: An Informed Foundation for Strategic Planning, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume VI(3),Tinto,v (1975) dropout from higher education: a synthesis of recent research, Review of Educational Research, 45

(1),Visser L. (1998) The Development of motivational Communication in Distance Education Support, University of

Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

References